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30-07-2015 | Original Article

The differential effects of fluency due to repetition and fluency due to color contrast on judgments of truth

Auteurs: Rita R. Silva, Teresa Garcia-Marques, Joana Mello

Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research | Uitgave 5/2016

Abstract

Two experiments contrast the effects of fluency due to repetition and fluency due to color contrast on judgments of truth, after participants learn to associate high levels of fluency with falseness (i.e., a reversal of the fluency–truth link). Experiment 1 shows that the interpretation of fluency as a sign of truth is harder to reverse when learning is promoted with repetition rather than with perceptual fluency. Experiment 2 shows that when color contrast and repetition are manipulated orthogonally, the reversal of the truth effect learned with color contrast does not generalize to repetition. These results suggest specificities in the processing experiences generated by different sources of fluency, and that their influences can be separated in contexts that allow the contrast of their distinctive features. We interpret and discuss these results in light of the research addressing the convergence vs. dissociation of the effects elicited by different fluency sources.

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Across the two experiments, participants had normal or corrected-to-normal eye vision and color acuity. All participants gave their informed consent upon registering for the experiments.

Table 9 in “Appendix” provides a list of the original pool of statements used for all the experiments. We only gathered information about the RGB values that were used to manipulate color contrast, as this is the most common information provided in other studies investigating color contrast effects on truth (e.g., Hansen et al., 2008; Unkelbach, 2007). However, in future studies measured color should also be provided (i.e., a measure of the colors at the surface of the display), in order to know exactly how the colors looked like in the computer screens and not only the contrast that researchers intended to create.

Following Unkelbach (2007) procedure, we also analyzed RTs after winsorizing the values (see Ratcliff, 1993) at 1000 ms and 5000 ms in the learning phase (i.e., latencies greater than 5000 ms were set to 5000 ms, and latencies less than 1000 ms were set to 1000 ms) and at 1000 ms and 7000 ms in the test phase (i.e., latencies greater than 7000 ms were set to 7000 ms). Results were unchanged.

Because the learning procedure occurred only with color-contrast, the 30 easy statements of the exposure phase were not needed, reducing the learning material to 60 easy items. The number of neutral statements was increased to assure a sufficient number of statements in each contrast × color × repetition combination in the test phase.

Two sets of SDT estimates were computed for this data and their analysis did not bring any advantage to comparing the differences between the three proportions themselves. Thus for the sake of clarity they are not here presented.

Only the data of 47 participants were analyzed, as 6 participants could not be considered due to (a) having participated in a similar experiment in the previous semester (n = 2), (b) not finishing the experiment (n = 2), and (c) interrupting the viewing of the exposure phase to complain about the rate at which stimuli were presented (n = 2).

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Titel: The differential effects of fluency due to repetition and fluency due to color contrast on judgments of truth
Auteurs: Rita R. Silva
Teresa Garcia-Marques
Joana Mello
Publicatiedatum: 30-07-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research / Uitgave 5/2016
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-015-0692-7

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