Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development 2/2023

12-10-2021 | Original Article

The Development of Proud & Empowered: An Intervention for Promoting LGBTQ Adolescent Mental Health

Auteurs: Jeremy T. Goldbach, Harmony Rhoades, Joshua Rusow, Peter Karys

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 2/2023

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Sexual and gender minority adolescents (SGMA) experience higher rates of internalizing psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, self-harm, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The primary explanation for these mental health disparities is minority stress theory, which suggests that discrimination, violence, and victimization are key drivers of chronic minority stress and place SGMA at higher risk of mental health concerns. To help address these concerns, the authors undertook a nearly 8-year process of developing Proud & Empowered, a school-based intervention to help SGMA cope with minority stress experiences. This manuscript details the intervention development process, including: (a) identifying the mechanisms of change (Stage 0), (b) building the intervention (Stage 1A, Part 1), (c) acceptability testing and program revision (Stage 1A, Part 2), (d) feasibility and pilot testing (Stage 1B, Part 1), (e) modification of the intervention to improve implementability (Stage 1B, Part 2), and (f) the final intervention.
Literatuur
1.
go back to reference Berghe WV, Dewaele A, Cox N, Vincke J (2010) Minority-specific determinants of mental well-being among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. J Appl Soc Psychol 40:153–166CrossRef Berghe WV, Dewaele A, Cox N, Vincke J (2010) Minority-specific determinants of mental well-being among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. J Appl Soc Psychol 40:153–166CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Goldbach JT, Schrager SM, Dunlap SL, Holloway IW (2015) The application of minority stress theory to marijuana use among sexual minority adolescents. Subst Use Misuse 50:366–375PubMedCrossRef Goldbach JT, Schrager SM, Dunlap SL, Holloway IW (2015) The application of minority stress theory to marijuana use among sexual minority adolescents. Subst Use Misuse 50:366–375PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Hendricks M, Testa R (2012) Model for understanding risk and resiliency in transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals. Prof Psychol Res Pract 43:460–467CrossRef Hendricks M, Testa R (2012) Model for understanding risk and resiliency in transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals. Prof Psychol Res Pract 43:460–467CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Whitbeck LB, Chen X, Hoyt DR, Tyler KA, Johnson KD (2004) Mental disorder, subsistence strategies, and victimization among gay, lesbian, and bisexual homeless and runaway adolescents. J Sex Res 41:329–342PubMedCrossRef Whitbeck LB, Chen X, Hoyt DR, Tyler KA, Johnson KD (2004) Mental disorder, subsistence strategies, and victimization among gay, lesbian, and bisexual homeless and runaway adolescents. J Sex Res 41:329–342PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Goldbach JT, Mereish EH, Burgess C (2017) Sexual orientation disparities in the use of emerging drugs. Subst Use Misuse 52:265–271PubMedCrossRef Goldbach JT, Mereish EH, Burgess C (2017) Sexual orientation disparities in the use of emerging drugs. Subst Use Misuse 52:265–271PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Moon MW, Fornili K, O’Briant AL (2007) Risk comparison among youth who report sex with same-sex versus both-sex partners. Youth Soc 38:267–284CrossRef Moon MW, Fornili K, O’Briant AL (2007) Risk comparison among youth who report sex with same-sex versus both-sex partners. Youth Soc 38:267–284CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Coker TR, Austin SB, Schuster MA (2010) The health and health care of lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents. Annu Rev Public Health 31:457–477PubMedCrossRef Coker TR, Austin SB, Schuster MA (2010) The health and health care of lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents. Annu Rev Public Health 31:457–477PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Anhalt K, Morris TL (1998) Developmental and adjustment issues of gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents: a review of the empirical literature. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 1:215–230PubMedCrossRef Anhalt K, Morris TL (1998) Developmental and adjustment issues of gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents: a review of the empirical literature. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 1:215–230PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Marshal MP et al (2011) Suicidality and depression disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual youth: a meta-analytic review. J Adolesc Health 49:115–123PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Marshal MP et al (2011) Suicidality and depression disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual youth: a meta-analytic review. J Adolesc Health 49:115–123PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Toomey RB, Syvertsen AK, Shramko M (2018) Transgender adolescent suicide behavior. Pediatrics 142:e20174218PubMedCrossRef Toomey RB, Syvertsen AK, Shramko M (2018) Transgender adolescent suicide behavior. Pediatrics 142:e20174218PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Alessi EJ, Martin JI, Gyamerah A, Meyer IH (2013) Prejudice events and traumatic stress among heterosexuals and lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. J Aggress Maltreat Trauma 22:510–526PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Alessi EJ, Martin JI, Gyamerah A, Meyer IH (2013) Prejudice events and traumatic stress among heterosexuals and lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. J Aggress Maltreat Trauma 22:510–526PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Gamarel KE, Reisner SL, Laurenceau J-P, Nemoto T, Operario D (2014) Gender minority stress, mental health, and relationship quality: a dyadic investigation of transgender women and their cisgender male partners. J Fam Psychol 28:437PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Gamarel KE, Reisner SL, Laurenceau J-P, Nemoto T, Operario D (2014) Gender minority stress, mental health, and relationship quality: a dyadic investigation of transgender women and their cisgender male partners. J Fam Psychol 28:437PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Reisner SL, Greytak EA, Parsons JT, Ybarra ML (2015) Gender minority social stress in adolescence: disparities in adolescent bullying and substance use by gender identity. J Sex Res 52:243–256PubMedCrossRef Reisner SL, Greytak EA, Parsons JT, Ybarra ML (2015) Gender minority social stress in adolescence: disparities in adolescent bullying and substance use by gender identity. J Sex Res 52:243–256PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Goldbach JT, Tanner-Smith EE, Bagwell M, Dunlap S (2014) Minority stress and substance use in sexual minority adolescents: a meta-analysis. Prev Sci 15:350–363PubMedCrossRef Goldbach JT, Tanner-Smith EE, Bagwell M, Dunlap S (2014) Minority stress and substance use in sexual minority adolescents: a meta-analysis. Prev Sci 15:350–363PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Burns MN, Ryan DT, Garofalo R, Newcomb ME, Mustanski B (2015) Mental health disorders in young urban sexual minority men. J Adolesc Health 56:52–58PubMedCrossRef Burns MN, Ryan DT, Garofalo R, Newcomb ME, Mustanski B (2015) Mental health disorders in young urban sexual minority men. J Adolesc Health 56:52–58PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Burton CM, Marshal MP, Chisolm DJ, Sucato GS, Friedman MS (2013) Sexual minority-related victimization as a mediator of mental health disparities in sexual minority youth: a longitudinal analysis. J Youth Adolesc 42:394–402PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Burton CM, Marshal MP, Chisolm DJ, Sucato GS, Friedman MS (2013) Sexual minority-related victimization as a mediator of mental health disparities in sexual minority youth: a longitudinal analysis. J Youth Adolesc 42:394–402PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
go back to reference Chodzen G, Hidalgo MA, Chen D, Garofalo R (2019) Minority stress factors associated with depression and anxiety among transgender and gender-nonconforming youth. J Adolesc Health 64:467–471PubMedCrossRef Chodzen G, Hidalgo MA, Chen D, Garofalo R (2019) Minority stress factors associated with depression and anxiety among transgender and gender-nonconforming youth. J Adolesc Health 64:467–471PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Katz-Wise SL et al (2017) Associations of timing of sexual orientation developmental milestones and other sexual minority stressors with internalizing mental health symptoms among sexual minority young adults. Arch Sex Behav 46:1441–1452PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Katz-Wise SL et al (2017) Associations of timing of sexual orientation developmental milestones and other sexual minority stressors with internalizing mental health symptoms among sexual minority young adults. Arch Sex Behav 46:1441–1452PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Mustanski B, Andrews R, Puckett JA (2016) The effects of cumulative victimization on mental health among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adolescents and young adults. Am J Public Health 106:527–533PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mustanski B, Andrews R, Puckett JA (2016) The effects of cumulative victimization on mental health among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adolescents and young adults. Am J Public Health 106:527–533PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Teasdale B, Bradley-Engen MS (2010) Adolescent same-sex attraction and mental health: the role of stress and support. J Homosex 57:287–309PubMedCrossRef Teasdale B, Bradley-Engen MS (2010) Adolescent same-sex attraction and mental health: the role of stress and support. J Homosex 57:287–309PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Cervantes RC, Goldbach JT, Santos S (2012) Adapting evidence-based prevention approaches for Latino adolescents: the Familia Adelante program-revised. Psychosoc Interv 21:281–290CrossRef Cervantes RC, Goldbach JT, Santos S (2012) Adapting evidence-based prevention approaches for Latino adolescents: the Familia Adelante program-revised. Psychosoc Interv 21:281–290CrossRef
23.
24.
go back to reference Marsiglia FF, Williams LR, Ayers SL, Booth JM (2014) Familias: Preparando la Nueva Generación: a randomized control trial testing the effects on positive parenting practices. Res Soc Work Pract 24:310–320PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Marsiglia FF, Williams LR, Ayers SL, Booth JM (2014) Familias: Preparando la Nueva Generación: a randomized control trial testing the effects on positive parenting practices. Res Soc Work Pract 24:310–320PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
26.
go back to reference Ryan C (2010) Engaging families to support lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth: the family acceptance project. Prev Res 17:11–13 Ryan C (2010) Engaging families to support lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth: the family acceptance project. Prev Res 17:11–13
27.
go back to reference Almeida J, Johnson RM, Corliss HL, Molnar BE, Azrael D (2009) Emotional distress among LGBT youth: the influence of perceived discrimination based on sexual orientation. J Youth Adolesc 38:1001–1014PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Almeida J, Johnson RM, Corliss HL, Molnar BE, Azrael D (2009) Emotional distress among LGBT youth: the influence of perceived discrimination based on sexual orientation. J Youth Adolesc 38:1001–1014PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Remafedi G, French S, Story M, Resnick MD, Blum R (1998) The relationship between suicide risk and sexual orientation: results of a population-based study. Am J Public Health 88:57–60PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Remafedi G, French S, Story M, Resnick MD, Blum R (1998) The relationship between suicide risk and sexual orientation: results of a population-based study. Am J Public Health 88:57–60PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Rice E, Barman-Adhikari A (2014) Internet and social media use as a resource among homeless youth. J Comput Mediat Commun 19:232–247PubMedCrossRef Rice E, Barman-Adhikari A (2014) Internet and social media use as a resource among homeless youth. J Comput Mediat Commun 19:232–247PubMedCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Rice E et al (2013) Homelessness experiences, sexual orientation, and sexual risk taking among high school students in Los Angeles. J Adolesc Health 52:773–778PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Rice E et al (2013) Homelessness experiences, sexual orientation, and sexual risk taking among high school students in Los Angeles. J Adolesc Health 52:773–778PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
31.
go back to reference Durso LE, Gates GJ (2012) Serving our youth: findings from a national survey of services providers working with lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth who are homeless or at risk of becoming homeless Durso LE, Gates GJ (2012) Serving our youth: findings from a national survey of services providers working with lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth who are homeless or at risk of becoming homeless
32.
go back to reference Padilla YC, Crisp C, Rew DL (2010) Parental acceptance and illegal drug use among gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents: results from a national survey. Soc Work 55:265–275PubMedCrossRef Padilla YC, Crisp C, Rew DL (2010) Parental acceptance and illegal drug use among gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents: results from a national survey. Soc Work 55:265–275PubMedCrossRef
33.
go back to reference Ryan C, Huebner D, Diaz RM, Sanchez J (2009) Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and Latino lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults. Pediatrics 123:346–352PubMedCrossRef Ryan C, Huebner D, Diaz RM, Sanchez J (2009) Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and Latino lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults. Pediatrics 123:346–352PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Craig SL (2013) Affirmative supportive safe and empowering talk (ASSET): leveraging the strengths and resiliencies of sexual minority youth in school-based groups. J LGBT Issues Couns 7:372–386CrossRef Craig SL (2013) Affirmative supportive safe and empowering talk (ASSET): leveraging the strengths and resiliencies of sexual minority youth in school-based groups. J LGBT Issues Couns 7:372–386CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Craig SL, Austin A, McInroy LB (2014) School-based groups to support multiethnic sexual minority youth resiliency: preliminary effectiveness. Child Adolesc Soc Work J 31:87–106CrossRef Craig SL, Austin A, McInroy LB (2014) School-based groups to support multiethnic sexual minority youth resiliency: preliminary effectiveness. Child Adolesc Soc Work J 31:87–106CrossRef
36.
37.
go back to reference Meyer IH (2003) Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull 129:674PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Meyer IH (2003) Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull 129:674PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
38.
go back to reference Rosario M, Schrimshaw EW, Hunter J, Gwadz M (2002) Gay-related stress and emotional distress among gay, lesbian and bisexual youths: a longitudinal examination. J Consult Clin Psychol 70:967PubMedCrossRef Rosario M, Schrimshaw EW, Hunter J, Gwadz M (2002) Gay-related stress and emotional distress among gay, lesbian and bisexual youths: a longitudinal examination. J Consult Clin Psychol 70:967PubMedCrossRef
39.
go back to reference Chesir-Teran D, Hughes D (2009) Heterosexism in high school and victimization among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning students. J Youth Adolesc 38:963–975PubMedCrossRef Chesir-Teran D, Hughes D (2009) Heterosexism in high school and victimization among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning students. J Youth Adolesc 38:963–975PubMedCrossRef
40.
go back to reference Kosciw JG, Palmer NA, Kull RM (2015) Reflecting resiliency: openness about sexual orientation and/or gender identity and its relationship to well-being and educational outcomes for LGBT students. Am J Community Psychol 55:167–178PubMedCrossRef Kosciw JG, Palmer NA, Kull RM (2015) Reflecting resiliency: openness about sexual orientation and/or gender identity and its relationship to well-being and educational outcomes for LGBT students. Am J Community Psychol 55:167–178PubMedCrossRef
41.
go back to reference Friedman MS et al (2011) A meta-analysis of disparities in childhood sexual abuse, parental physical abuse, and peer victimization among sexual minority and sexual nonminority individuals. Am J Public Health 101:1481–1494PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Friedman MS et al (2011) A meta-analysis of disparities in childhood sexual abuse, parental physical abuse, and peer victimization among sexual minority and sexual nonminority individuals. Am J Public Health 101:1481–1494PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Shilo G, Antebi N, Mor Z (2015) Individual and community resilience factors among lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer and questioning youth and adults in Israel. Am J Community Psychol 55:215–227PubMedCrossRef Shilo G, Antebi N, Mor Z (2015) Individual and community resilience factors among lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer and questioning youth and adults in Israel. Am J Community Psychol 55:215–227PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Kelleher C (2009) Minority stress and health: implications for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) young people. Couns Psychol Q 22:373–379CrossRef Kelleher C (2009) Minority stress and health: implications for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) young people. Couns Psychol Q 22:373–379CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Shilo G, Savaya R (2012) Mental health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth and young adults: differential effects of age, gender, religiosity, and sexual orientation. J Res Adolesc 22:310–325CrossRef Shilo G, Savaya R (2012) Mental health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth and young adults: differential effects of age, gender, religiosity, and sexual orientation. J Res Adolesc 22:310–325CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Herts KL, McLaughlin KA, Hatzenbuehler ML (2012) Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking stress exposure to adolescent aggressive behavior. J Abnorm Child Psychol 40:1111–1122PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Herts KL, McLaughlin KA, Hatzenbuehler ML (2012) Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking stress exposure to adolescent aggressive behavior. J Abnorm Child Psychol 40:1111–1122PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
46.
go back to reference IOM (2011) The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: building a foundation for better understanding. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC IOM (2011) The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: building a foundation for better understanding. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC
47.
go back to reference Morrison TG, Bishop C, Morrison MA, Parker-Taneo K (2016) A psychometric review of measures assessing discrimination against sexual minorities. J Homosex 63:1086–1126PubMedCrossRef Morrison TG, Bishop C, Morrison MA, Parker-Taneo K (2016) A psychometric review of measures assessing discrimination against sexual minorities. J Homosex 63:1086–1126PubMedCrossRef
48.
go back to reference Cohn TJ, Leake VS (2012) Affective distress among adolescents who endorse same-sex sexual attraction: urban versus rural differences and the role of protective factors. J Gay Lesbian Ment Health 16:291–305CrossRef Cohn TJ, Leake VS (2012) Affective distress among adolescents who endorse same-sex sexual attraction: urban versus rural differences and the role of protective factors. J Gay Lesbian Ment Health 16:291–305CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Marshal MP et al (2014) Gay-related stress and suicide risk: articulating three mediated pathways that increase risk for suicidality among sexual minority youth. In: Advancing the science of suicidal behavior: understanding and intervention. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Hauppauge, pp 253–268 Marshal MP et al (2014) Gay-related stress and suicide risk: articulating three mediated pathways that increase risk for suicidality among sexual minority youth. In: Advancing the science of suicidal behavior: understanding and intervention. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Hauppauge, pp 253–268
51.
go back to reference Schrager SM, Goldbach JT (2017) Minority stress measure development: theoretical concerns and suggested resolutions. Logos Verlag, Berlin Schrager SM, Goldbach JT (2017) Minority stress measure development: theoretical concerns and suggested resolutions. Logos Verlag, Berlin
52.
go back to reference Patton MQ (2002) Two decades of developments in qualitative inquiry: a personal, experiential perspective. Qual Soc Work 1:261–283CrossRef Patton MQ (2002) Two decades of developments in qualitative inquiry: a personal, experiential perspective. Qual Soc Work 1:261–283CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Caspi A et al (1996) The life history calendar: a research and clinical assessment method for collecting retrospective event-history data. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 6(2):101–114CrossRef Caspi A et al (1996) The life history calendar: a research and clinical assessment method for collecting retrospective event-history data. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 6(2):101–114CrossRef
55.
go back to reference Compas BE, Connor-Smith JK, Saltzman H, Thomsen AH, Wadsworth ME (2001) Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychol Bull 127:87PubMedCrossRef Compas BE, Connor-Smith JK, Saltzman H, Thomsen AH, Wadsworth ME (2001) Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychol Bull 127:87PubMedCrossRef
56.
57.
go back to reference Compas BE, Connor JK, Saltzman H, Thomsen AH, Wadsworth M (1999) Getting specific about coping: effortful and involuntary responses to stress in development. In: Soothing and stress. Psychology Press, Hove, pp 229–256 Compas BE, Connor JK, Saltzman H, Thomsen AH, Wadsworth M (1999) Getting specific about coping: effortful and involuntary responses to stress in development. In: Soothing and stress. Psychology Press, Hove, pp 229–256
58.
go back to reference Tobin DL, Holroyd KA, Reynolds RV, Wigal JK (1989) The hierarchical factor structure of the Coping Strategies Inventory. Cogn Ther Res 13:343–361CrossRef Tobin DL, Holroyd KA, Reynolds RV, Wigal JK (1989) The hierarchical factor structure of the Coping Strategies Inventory. Cogn Ther Res 13:343–361CrossRef
59.
go back to reference Goldbach JT, Holleran Steiker LK (2011) An examination of cultural adaptations performed by LGBT-identified youths to a culturally grounded, evidence-based substance abuse intervention. J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv 23:188–203CrossRef Goldbach JT, Holleran Steiker LK (2011) An examination of cultural adaptations performed by LGBT-identified youths to a culturally grounded, evidence-based substance abuse intervention. J Gay Lesbian Soc Serv 23:188–203CrossRef
60.
go back to reference Sterzing PR, Gibbs JJ, Gartner RE, Goldbach JT (2018) Bullying victimization trajectories for sexual minority adolescents: stable victims, desisters, and late-onset victims. J Res Adolesc 28:368–378PubMedCrossRef Sterzing PR, Gibbs JJ, Gartner RE, Goldbach JT (2018) Bullying victimization trajectories for sexual minority adolescents: stable victims, desisters, and late-onset victims. J Res Adolesc 28:368–378PubMedCrossRef
61.
go back to reference Epidemiology NIoDADo, Services, and Research P (2003) Drug use among racial/ethnic minorities. US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health Epidemiology NIoDADo, Services, and Research P (2003) Drug use among racial/ethnic minorities. US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health
62.
go back to reference Hershberger SL, Pilkington NW, D’Augelli AR (1997) Predictors of suicide attempts among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth. J Adolesc Res 12:477–497CrossRef Hershberger SL, Pilkington NW, D’Augelli AR (1997) Predictors of suicide attempts among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth. J Adolesc Res 12:477–497CrossRef
63.
go back to reference D’Augelli AR, Grossman AH, Starks MT (2005) Parents’ awareness of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths’ sexual orientation. J Marriage Fam 67:474–482CrossRef D’Augelli AR, Grossman AH, Starks MT (2005) Parents’ awareness of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths’ sexual orientation. J Marriage Fam 67:474–482CrossRef
64.
go back to reference Bontempo DE, d’Augelli AR (2002) Effects of at-school victimization and sexual orientation on lesbian, gay, or bisexual youths’ health risk behavior. J Adolesc Health 30:364–374PubMedCrossRef Bontempo DE, d’Augelli AR (2002) Effects of at-school victimization and sexual orientation on lesbian, gay, or bisexual youths’ health risk behavior. J Adolesc Health 30:364–374PubMedCrossRef
66.
go back to reference Friedman MS, Koeske GF, Silvestre AJ, Korr WS, Sites EW (2006) The impact of gender-role nonconforming behavior, bullying, and social support on suicidality among gay male youth. J Adolesc Health 38:621–623PubMedCrossRef Friedman MS, Koeske GF, Silvestre AJ, Korr WS, Sites EW (2006) The impact of gender-role nonconforming behavior, bullying, and social support on suicidality among gay male youth. J Adolesc Health 38:621–623PubMedCrossRef
67.
go back to reference Hatzenbuehler ML, Birkett M, Van Wagenen A, Meyer IH (2014) Protective school climates and reduced risk for suicide ideation in sexual minority youths. Am J Public Health 104:279–286PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hatzenbuehler ML, Birkett M, Van Wagenen A, Meyer IH (2014) Protective school climates and reduced risk for suicide ideation in sexual minority youths. Am J Public Health 104:279–286PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
68.
go back to reference Marshal MP et al (2013) Trajectories of depressive symptoms and suicidality among heterosexual and sexual minority youth. J Youth Adolesc 42:1243–1256PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Marshal MP et al (2013) Trajectories of depressive symptoms and suicidality among heterosexual and sexual minority youth. J Youth Adolesc 42:1243–1256PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
69.
go back to reference Yalom ID, Leszcz M (2005) The theory and practice of group psychotherapy, 5th edn. Basic Books, New York Yalom ID, Leszcz M (2005) The theory and practice of group psychotherapy, 5th edn. Basic Books, New York
70.
71.
go back to reference Patterson JM, McCubbin HI (1987) Adolescent coping style and behaviors: conceptualization and measurement. J Adolesc 10:163–186PubMedCrossRef Patterson JM, McCubbin HI (1987) Adolescent coping style and behaviors: conceptualization and measurement. J Adolesc 10:163–186PubMedCrossRef
72.
go back to reference Achenbach TM (1991) Integrative guide for the 1991 CBCL/4-18, YSR, and TRF profiles. University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry, Burlington Achenbach TM (1991) Integrative guide for the 1991 CBCL/4-18, YSR, and TRF profiles. University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry, Burlington
73.
go back to reference Posner K et al (2008) Columbia-suicide severity rating scale (C-SSRS). Columbia University Medical Center, New York Posner K et al (2008) Columbia-suicide severity rating scale (C-SSRS). Columbia University Medical Center, New York
74.
go back to reference CDC CfDCaP (2010) Youth risk behavior survey; 2010 CDC CfDCaP (2010) Youth risk behavior survey; 2010
75.
go back to reference D’Augelli A, Grossman AH (2001) Disclosure of sexual orientation, victimization, and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older adults. J Interpers Violence 16:1008–1027CrossRef D’Augelli A, Grossman AH (2001) Disclosure of sexual orientation, victimization, and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older adults. J Interpers Violence 16:1008–1027CrossRef
76.
go back to reference Herbst JH et al (2008) Estimating HIV prevalence and risk behaviors of transgender persons in the United States: a systematic review. AIDS Behav 12:1–17PubMedCrossRef Herbst JH et al (2008) Estimating HIV prevalence and risk behaviors of transgender persons in the United States: a systematic review. AIDS Behav 12:1–17PubMedCrossRef
77.
go back to reference Huebner DM et al (2014) Social oppression, psychological vulnerability, and unprotected intercourse among young Black men who have sex with men. Health Psychol 33:1568PubMedCrossRef Huebner DM et al (2014) Social oppression, psychological vulnerability, and unprotected intercourse among young Black men who have sex with men. Health Psychol 33:1568PubMedCrossRef
78.
go back to reference Perez-Brumer A, Day JK, Russell ST, Hatzenbuehler ML (2017) Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among transgender youth in California: findings from a representative, population-based sample of high school students. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 56:739–746PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Perez-Brumer A, Day JK, Russell ST, Hatzenbuehler ML (2017) Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among transgender youth in California: findings from a representative, population-based sample of high school students. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 56:739–746PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
79.
go back to reference Black WW, Fedewa AL, Gonzalez KA (2012) Effects of “Safe School” programs and policies on the social climate for sexual-minority youth: a review of the literature. J LGBT Youth 9:321–339CrossRef Black WW, Fedewa AL, Gonzalez KA (2012) Effects of “Safe School” programs and policies on the social climate for sexual-minority youth: a review of the literature. J LGBT Youth 9:321–339CrossRef
80.
go back to reference Goodenow C, Szalacha L, Westheimer K (2006) School support groups, other school factors, and the safety of sexual minority adolescents. Psychol Sch 43:573–589CrossRef Goodenow C, Szalacha L, Westheimer K (2006) School support groups, other school factors, and the safety of sexual minority adolescents. Psychol Sch 43:573–589CrossRef
81.
go back to reference Hatzenbuehler ML, Keyes KM (2013) Inclusive anti-bullying policies and reduced risk of suicide attempts in lesbian and gay youth. J Adolesc Health 53:S21–S26PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hatzenbuehler ML, Keyes KM (2013) Inclusive anti-bullying policies and reduced risk of suicide attempts in lesbian and gay youth. J Adolesc Health 53:S21–S26PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
82.
go back to reference Kosciw J, Greytak E, Palmer N, Boesen M (2016) The 2013 National School Climate Survey: the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools, 2014 Kosciw J, Greytak E, Palmer N, Boesen M (2016) The 2013 National School Climate Survey: the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools, 2014
83.
go back to reference McCormick A, Schmidt K, Clifton E (2014) Gay–straight alliances: understanding their impact on the academic and social experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning high school students. Child Sch 37:71–77CrossRef McCormick A, Schmidt K, Clifton E (2014) Gay–straight alliances: understanding their impact on the academic and social experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning high school students. Child Sch 37:71–77CrossRef
84.
go back to reference Poteat VP, Anderson CJ (2012) Developmental changes in sexual prejudice from early to late adolescence: the effects of gender, race, and ideology on different patterns of change. Dev Psychol 48:1403PubMedCrossRef Poteat VP, Anderson CJ (2012) Developmental changes in sexual prejudice from early to late adolescence: the effects of gender, race, and ideology on different patterns of change. Dev Psychol 48:1403PubMedCrossRef
85.
go back to reference Toomey RB, Ryan C, Diaz RM, Russell ST (2011) High school gay–straight alliances (GSAs) and young adult well-being: an examination of GSA presence, participation, and perceived effectiveness. Appl Dev Sci 15:175–185PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Toomey RB, Ryan C, Diaz RM, Russell ST (2011) High school gay–straight alliances (GSAs) and young adult well-being: an examination of GSA presence, participation, and perceived effectiveness. Appl Dev Sci 15:175–185PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
86.
go back to reference Ueno K (2010) Mental health differences between young adults with and without same-sex contact: a simultaneous examination of underlying mechanisms. J Health Soc Behav 51:391–407PubMedCrossRef Ueno K (2010) Mental health differences between young adults with and without same-sex contact: a simultaneous examination of underlying mechanisms. J Health Soc Behav 51:391–407PubMedCrossRef
87.
go back to reference Thapa A, Cohen J, Guffey S, Higgins-D’Alessandro A (2013) A review of school climate research. Rev Educ Res 83:357–385CrossRef Thapa A, Cohen J, Guffey S, Higgins-D’Alessandro A (2013) A review of school climate research. Rev Educ Res 83:357–385CrossRef
88.
go back to reference Faris R, Felmlee D (2014) Casualties of social combat: school networks of peer victimization and their consequences. Am Sociol Rev 79:228–257CrossRef Faris R, Felmlee D (2014) Casualties of social combat: school networks of peer victimization and their consequences. Am Sociol Rev 79:228–257CrossRef
89.
go back to reference Storch EA, Ledley DR (2005) Peer victimization and psychosocial adjustment in children: current knowledge and future directions. Clin Pediatr 44:29–38CrossRef Storch EA, Ledley DR (2005) Peer victimization and psychosocial adjustment in children: current knowledge and future directions. Clin Pediatr 44:29–38CrossRef
90.
go back to reference Juvonen J, Galvan A (2008) Peer influence in involuntary social groups: lessons from research on bullying. In: Prinstein MJ, Dodge KA (eds) Understanding peer influence in children and adolescents. The Guilford Press, New York, pp 225–244 Juvonen J, Galvan A (2008) Peer influence in involuntary social groups: lessons from research on bullying. In: Prinstein MJ, Dodge KA (eds) Understanding peer influence in children and adolescents. The Guilford Press, New York, pp 225–244
91.
go back to reference Holliday J, Audrey S, Campbell R, Moore L (2016) Identifying well-connected opinion leaders for informal health promotion: the example of the ASSIST smoking prevention program. Health Commun 31:946–953PubMedCrossRef Holliday J, Audrey S, Campbell R, Moore L (2016) Identifying well-connected opinion leaders for informal health promotion: the example of the ASSIST smoking prevention program. Health Commun 31:946–953PubMedCrossRef
92.
go back to reference Buller DB, Young WF, Fisher KH, Maloy JA (2006) The effect of endorsement by local opinion leaders and testimonials from teachers on the dissemination of a web-based smoking prevention program. Health Educ Res 22:609–618PubMedCrossRef Buller DB, Young WF, Fisher KH, Maloy JA (2006) The effect of endorsement by local opinion leaders and testimonials from teachers on the dissemination of a web-based smoking prevention program. Health Educ Res 22:609–618PubMedCrossRef
93.
go back to reference Hosek SG et al (2015) An HIV intervention tailored for black young men who have sex with men in the House Ball Community. AIDS Care 27:355–362PubMedCrossRef Hosek SG et al (2015) An HIV intervention tailored for black young men who have sex with men in the House Ball Community. AIDS Care 27:355–362PubMedCrossRef
94.
go back to reference Kelly JA et al (1991) HIV risk behavior reduction following intervention with key opinion leaders of population: an experimental analysis. Am J Public Health 81:168–171PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kelly JA et al (1991) HIV risk behavior reduction following intervention with key opinion leaders of population: an experimental analysis. Am J Public Health 81:168–171PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
95.
go back to reference Li L, Guan J, Liang L-J, Lin C, Wu Z (2013) Popular opinion leader intervention for HIV stigma reduction in health care settings. AIDS Educ Prev 25:327–335PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Li L, Guan J, Liang L-J, Lin C, Wu Z (2013) Popular opinion leader intervention for HIV stigma reduction in health care settings. AIDS Educ Prev 25:327–335PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
96.
go back to reference Theall KP, Fleckman J, Jacobs M (2015) Impact of a community popular opinion leader intervention among African American adults in a southeastern United States community. AIDS Educ Prev 27:275–287PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Theall KP, Fleckman J, Jacobs M (2015) Impact of a community popular opinion leader intervention among African American adults in a southeastern United States community. AIDS Educ Prev 27:275–287PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
97.
go back to reference Bower JD (2016) Initial development and validation of the Transgender Ally Identity Scale for Counselors. Dissertation, Old Dominion University Bower JD (2016) Initial development and validation of the Transgender Ally Identity Scale for Counselors. Dissertation, Old Dominion University
98.
go back to reference Gentner L (2016) What’s in an ally? Closing gaps in LGBTQ+ support. J Res Assess Pract High Educ 1:5 Gentner L (2016) What’s in an ally? Closing gaps in LGBTQ+ support. J Res Assess Pract High Educ 1:5
99.
go back to reference Poteat VP (2015) Individual psychological factors and complex interpersonal conditions that predict LGBT-affirming behavior. J Youth Adolesc 44:1494–1507PubMedCrossRef Poteat VP (2015) Individual psychological factors and complex interpersonal conditions that predict LGBT-affirming behavior. J Youth Adolesc 44:1494–1507PubMedCrossRef
100.
go back to reference Speciale MJ (2015) A multiple case examination of sexuality in counselor education: pedagogy, ideology, and discourse. Dissertation, The University of New Mexico Speciale MJ (2015) A multiple case examination of sexuality in counselor education: pedagogy, ideology, and discourse. Dissertation, The University of New Mexico
101.
go back to reference Ramsay KM, East CR, Evans AM (2015) Integrating transgender ally development in counselor education programming: suggestions for educators and allies. VISTAS Online 58:1–10 Ramsay KM, East CR, Evans AM (2015) Integrating transgender ally development in counselor education programming: suggestions for educators and allies. VISTAS Online 58:1–10
102.
go back to reference Gay LSENG (2018) 2015 National School Climate Survey: LGBTQ students experience pervasive harassment and discrimination, but school-based supports can make a difference Gay LSENG (2018) 2015 National School Climate Survey: LGBTQ students experience pervasive harassment and discrimination, but school-based supports can make a difference
103.
go back to reference SAMHSA Administration (2019) A Guide to SAMHSA’s Strategic Prevention Framework. Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Rockville SAMHSA Administration (2019) A Guide to SAMHSA’s Strategic Prevention Framework. Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Rockville
104.
go back to reference Birckmayer JD, Holder HD, Yacoubian GS Jr, Friend KB (2004) A general causal model to guide alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug prevention: assessing the research evidence. J Drug Educ 34:121–153PubMedCrossRef Birckmayer JD, Holder HD, Yacoubian GS Jr, Friend KB (2004) A general causal model to guide alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug prevention: assessing the research evidence. J Drug Educ 34:121–153PubMedCrossRef
105.
106.
go back to reference Viswanathan M et al (2004) Community‐based participatory research: assessing the evidence: summary Viswanathan M et al (2004) Community‐based participatory research: assessing the evidence: summary
107.
go back to reference Kosciw JG, Greytak EA, Palmer NA, Boesen MJ (2014) The 2013 National School Climate Survey: the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools (New York) Kosciw JG, Greytak EA, Palmer NA, Boesen MJ (2014) The 2013 National School Climate Survey: the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth in our nation’s schools (New York)
Metagegevens
Titel
The Development of Proud & Empowered: An Intervention for Promoting LGBTQ Adolescent Mental Health
Auteurs
Jeremy T. Goldbach
Harmony Rhoades
Joshua Rusow
Peter Karys
Publicatiedatum
12-10-2021
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 2/2023
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01250-2

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2023

Child Psychiatry & Human Development 2/2023 Naar de uitgave