Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 4/2016

26-05-2016

The Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children (BPFS-C): Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance across Time and Sex in a Community-Based Sample

Auteurs: John D. Haltigan, Tracy Vaillancourt

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 4/2016

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

The factor structure and measurement invariance of the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children (BPFS-C; Crick et al. 2005) was examined in a community-based sample of Canadian adolescents (N = 252 boys; N = 314 girls) assessed yearly from age 13 to age 16. Attempts to confirm the originally proposed four factor structure of the BPFS-C were not successful. Follow-up exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses provided evidence for an eleven-item, two-factor latent structure of the BPFS-C, consisting of an intra- and interpersonal preoccupation factor and an impulsivity/reactivity factor. Measurement invariance modeling provided evidence for the longitudinal invariance of the two-factor structure and suggested it possessed largely the same empirical meaning for boys and girls at each time point. Examination of latent means in the context of measurement invariance suggested that the BPFS-C two factor structure was: (1) relatively stable across mid-adolescence; and (2) relative to boys, girls showed elevations on the intra-and interpersonal preoccupation factor, providing further evidence for ‘true’ sex differences in rates of borderline personality features. The importance of measurement science for providing a solid, empirically-based foundation for developmental research on the emergence of borderline personality features in children and adolescence is discussed.
Voetnoten
1
It could be argued that our T7 (age 16) BPFS-C measurement occasion is a developmentally closer anchor to when a BPD diagnosis could be made (and a closer anchor to the originally proposed PAI-BOR four-factor structure on which the BPFS-C was modeled). Accordingly, we also fit the four-factor model at T7. As with confirmatory analyses at T4, model fit indices suggested that the four-factor model did not fit the data particularly well (CFI = .82, RMSEA = .09, SRMR = .07).
 
2
For all confirmatory measurement analyses reported herein, results of model fit, parameter estimates, and nested model comparisons were not materially different when models were rerun using the TYPE = CLUSTER command to account for dependencies in the data due to school clustering and are available from the first author upon request.
 
Literatuur
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington: Author. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington: Author.
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington: Author.CrossRef American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington: Author.CrossRef
go back to reference Belsky, D. W., Caspi, A., Arsenault, L., Bleidorn, W., Fonagy, P., Goodman, M., Houts, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2012). Etiological features of borderline personality related characteristics in a birth cohort of 12-year-old children. Development and Psychopathology, 24, 251–265. doi:10.1017/S0954579411000812.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Belsky, D. W., Caspi, A., Arsenault, L., Bleidorn, W., Fonagy, P., Goodman, M., Houts, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2012). Etiological features of borderline personality related characteristics in a birth cohort of 12-year-old children. Development and Psychopathology, 24, 251–265. doi:10.​1017/​S095457941100081​2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: The Guilford Press. Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: The Guilford Press.
go back to reference Byrne, B. M., Shavelson, R. J., & Múthen, B. (1989). Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: the issue of partial measurement invariance. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 456–466. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.456.CrossRef Byrne, B. M., Shavelson, R. J., & Múthen, B. (1989). Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: the issue of partial measurement invariance. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 456–466. doi:10.​1037/​0033-2909.​105.​3.​456.CrossRef
go back to reference Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale: Erlbaum. Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
go back to reference Cunningham, C. E., Pettingill, P., & Boyle. (2000). The brief child and family phone interview (BCFPI). Hamilton: Canadian Centre for the study of Children at Risk, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, McMaster University. Cunningham, C. E., Pettingill, P., & Boyle. (2000). The brief child and family phone interview (BCFPI). Hamilton: Canadian Centre for the study of Children at Risk, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, McMaster University.
go back to reference De Moor, M. H., Distel, M. A., Trull, T., & Boomsma, D. I. (2009). Assessment of borderline personality features in population samples: is the personality assessment inventory-borderline features scale measurement invariant across sex and age? Psychological Assessment, 21, 125–130. doi:10.1037/a0014502.CrossRefPubMed De Moor, M. H., Distel, M. A., Trull, T., & Boomsma, D. I. (2009). Assessment of borderline personality features in population samples: is the personality assessment inventory-borderline features scale measurement invariant across sex and age? Psychological Assessment, 21, 125–130. doi:10.​1037/​a0014502.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Gunderson, J. G., & Elliot, G. R. (1985). The interface between borderline personality disorder and affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 277–288.CrossRefPubMed Gunderson, J. G., & Elliot, G. R. (1985). The interface between borderline personality disorder and affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 277–288.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Guttmannova, K., Szanyi, J. M., & Cali, P. W. (2008). Internalizing and externalizing behavior problem scores: cross-ethnic and longitudinal measurement invariance of the Behavior Problem Index. Education and Psychological Measurement, 68, 676–694. doi:10.1177/0013164407310127. Guttmannova, K., Szanyi, J. M., & Cali, P. W. (2008). Internalizing and externalizing behavior problem scores: cross-ethnic and longitudinal measurement invariance of the Behavior Problem Index. Education and Psychological Measurement, 68, 676–694. doi:10.​1177/​0013164407310127​.
go back to reference Haltigan, J. D., Leerkes, E. M., Wong, M. S., Fortuna, K., Roisman, G. I., Supple, A. J., O’Brien, M., Calkins, S. D., & Plamondon, A. (2014). Adult attachment states of mind: measurement invariance across ethnicity and associations with maternal sensitivity. Child Development, 85, 1019–1035. doi:10.1111/cdev.12180.CrossRefPubMed Haltigan, J. D., Leerkes, E. M., Wong, M. S., Fortuna, K., Roisman, G. I., Supple, A. J., O’Brien, M., Calkins, S. D., & Plamondon, A. (2014). Adult attachment states of mind: measurement invariance across ethnicity and associations with maternal sensitivity. Child Development, 85, 1019–1035. doi:10.​1111/​cdev.​12180.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34, 183–202.CrossRef Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34, 183–202.CrossRef
go back to reference Lenzenweger, M. F., & Castro, D. D. (2005). Predicting change in borderline personality: using neurobehavioral systems indicators within an individual growth curve framework. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 1207–1237. doi:10.1017/0S0954579405050571.PubMed Lenzenweger, M. F., & Castro, D. D. (2005). Predicting change in borderline personality: using neurobehavioral systems indicators within an individual growth curve framework. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 1207–1237. doi:10.​1017/​0S09545794050505​71.PubMed
go back to reference Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorders. New York: Guilford Press. Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorders. New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1987). Statistical analysis with missing data. New York, NY: Wiley. Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1987). Statistical analysis with missing data. New York, NY: Wiley.
go back to reference Michonski, J. D., Sharp, C., Steinberg, L., & Zanarini, M. C. (2013). An item response theory analysis of the DSM-IV Borderline Personality Disorder criteria in a population-based sample of 11- to 12-year-old children. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, & Treatment, 4, 15–22. doi:10.1037/a0027948.CrossRef Michonski, J. D., Sharp, C., Steinberg, L., & Zanarini, M. C. (2013). An item response theory analysis of the DSM-IV Borderline Personality Disorder criteria in a population-based sample of 11- to 12-year-old children. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, & Treatment, 4, 15–22. doi:10.​1037/​a0027948.CrossRef
go back to reference Morey, L. (1991). Personality assessment inventory. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources. Morey, L. (1991). Personality assessment inventory. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.
go back to reference Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2012). Mplus user’s guide. Seventh edition. Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2012). Mplus user’s guide. Seventh edition. Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén.
go back to reference Obradović, J., Pardini, D. A., Long, J. D., & Loeber, R. (2007). Measuring interpersonal callousness in boys from childhood to adolescence: an examination of longitudinal invariance and temporal stability. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 36, 276–292. doi:10.1080/15374410701441633.CrossRefPubMed Obradović, J., Pardini, D. A., Long, J. D., & Loeber, R. (2007). Measuring interpersonal callousness in boys from childhood to adolescence: an examination of longitudinal invariance and temporal stability. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 36, 276–292. doi:10.​1080/​1537441070144163​3.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Peluso, M. A. M., Hatch, J. P., Glahn, D. C., Monkul, E. S., Sanches, M., Najt, P., Bowden, C. L., Barratt, E. S., & Soares, J. C. (2007). Trait impulsivity in patients with mood disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 100, 227–231. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.09.037.CrossRefPubMed Peluso, M. A. M., Hatch, J. P., Glahn, D. C., Monkul, E. S., Sanches, M., Najt, P., Bowden, C. L., Barratt, E. S., & Soares, J. C. (2007). Trait impulsivity in patients with mood disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 100, 227–231. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jad.​2006.​09.​037.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2004). Behavior assessment system for children – 2nd edition manual. Minneapolis: Pearson. Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2004). Behavior assessment system for children – 2nd edition manual. Minneapolis: Pearson.
go back to reference Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., Morey, L. C., Bender, D. S., Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., & McGlashan, T. H. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis of DSM-IV criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder: findings from the collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 284–290. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.2.284.CrossRefPubMed Sanislow, C. A., Grilo, C. M., Morey, L. C., Bender, D. S., Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., & McGlashan, T. H. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis of DSM-IV criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder: findings from the collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 284–290. doi:10.​1176/​appi.​ajp.​159.​2.​284.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Schermelleh-Engel, K., & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8, 23–74. Schermelleh-Engel, K., & Moosbrugger, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8, 23–74.
go back to reference Schmideberg, M. (1959). The borderline patient. In S. Arieti (Ed.), American handbook of psychiatry (pp. 398–416). New York: Basic Books. Schmideberg, M. (1959). The borderline patient. In S. Arieti (Ed.), American handbook of psychiatry (pp. 398–416). New York: Basic Books.
go back to reference Sharp, C., & Kim, S. (2015). Recent advances in the developmental aspects of borderline personality disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17, 1–9. doi: 10.1007/s11920-015-0556-2. Sharp, C., & Kim, S. (2015). Recent advances in the developmental aspects of borderline personality disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17, 1–9. doi: 10.​1007/​s11920-015-0556-2.
go back to reference Sharp, C., Mosko, O., Chang, B., & Ha, C. (2010). The cross-informant concordance and concurrent validity of the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children in a community sample of boys. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 16, 335–349. doi:10.1177/1359104510366279.CrossRefPubMed Sharp, C., Mosko, O., Chang, B., & Ha, C. (2010). The cross-informant concordance and concurrent validity of the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children in a community sample of boys. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 16, 335–349. doi:10.​1177/​1359104510366279​.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Sharp, C., Michonski, J., Steinberg, L., Fowler, C. J., Frueh, C. B., & Oldham, J. M. (2014a). An investigation of differential item functioning across gender of BPD criteria. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 231–236. doi:10.1037/a0035637.CrossRefPubMed Sharp, C., Michonski, J., Steinberg, L., Fowler, C. J., Frueh, C. B., & Oldham, J. M. (2014a). An investigation of differential item functioning across gender of BPD criteria. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123, 231–236. doi:10.​1037/​a0035637.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Sharp, C., Steinberg, L., Temple, J., & Newlin, E. (2014b). An 11-item measure to assess borderline traits in adolescents: refinement of the BPFSC using IRT. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5, 70–78. doi:10.1037/per0000057.CrossRef Sharp, C., Steinberg, L., Temple, J., & Newlin, E. (2014b). An 11-item measure to assess borderline traits in adolescents: refinement of the BPFSC using IRT. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5, 70–78. doi:10.​1037/​per0000057.CrossRef
go back to reference Su, R., Rounds, J., & Armstrong, P. I. (2009). Men and things, women and people: a meta-analysis of sex differences in interests. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 859–884. doi:10.1037/a0017364.CrossRefPubMed Su, R., Rounds, J., & Armstrong, P. I. (2009). Men and things, women and people: a meta-analysis of sex differences in interests. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 859–884. doi:10.​1037/​a0017364.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
go back to reference ten Holt, J. C., van Duijn, M. A. J., & Boomsma, A. (2010). Scale construction and evaluation in practice: a review of factor analysis versus item response theory applications. Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 52, 272–297. ten Holt, J. C., van Duijn, M. A. J., & Boomsma, A. (2010). Scale construction and evaluation in practice: a review of factor analysis versus item response theory applications. Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 52, 272–297.
go back to reference Thurstone, L. L. (1947). Multiple-factor analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Thurstone, L. L. (1947). Multiple-factor analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
go back to reference Vaillancourt, T., Brittain, H. L., McDouggall, P., Krygsman, A., Boylan, K., Duku, E., & Hymel, S. (2014). Predicting borderline personality disorder symptoms in adolescents from childhood physical and relational aggression, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 26, 817–830. doi:10.1017/S0954579414000418.CrossRefPubMed Vaillancourt, T., Brittain, H. L., McDouggall, P., Krygsman, A., Boylan, K., Duku, E., & Hymel, S. (2014). Predicting borderline personality disorder symptoms in adolescents from childhood physical and relational aggression, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 26, 817–830. doi:10.​1017/​S095457941400041​8.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3, 4–70. doi:10.1177/109442810031002.CrossRef Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3, 4–70. doi:10.​1177/​109442810031002.CrossRef
go back to reference Wang, M., & Russell, S. S. (2005). Measurement equivalence of the Job Descriptive Index across Chinese and American workers: Results from confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 65, 709–732. doi:10.1177/0013164404272494. Wang, M., & Russell, S. S. (2005). Measurement equivalence of the Job Descriptive Index across Chinese and American workers: Results from confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 65, 709–732. doi:10.​1177/​0013164404272494​.
go back to reference West, M., Keller, A., Links, P., & Patrick, J. (1993). Borderline disorder and attachment pathology. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 38(suppl 1), S16–S22.PubMed West, M., Keller, A., Links, P., & Patrick, J. (1993). Borderline disorder and attachment pathology. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 38(suppl 1), S16–S22.PubMed
go back to reference West, S. G., Finch, J. F., & Curran, P. (1995). Structural equation models with nonormal variables: Problems and remedies. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 56–75). Newbury Park: Sage. West, S. G., Finch, J. F., & Curran, P. (1995). Structural equation models with nonormal variables: Problems and remedies. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 56–75). Newbury Park: Sage.
go back to reference Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Dubo, E. D., Sickel, A. E., Trikha, A., Levin, A., & Reynolds, V. (1998). Axis 1 comorbidity of borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 1733–1739. doi:10.1176/ajp.155.12.1733.CrossRefPubMed Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Dubo, E. D., Sickel, A. E., Trikha, A., Levin, A., & Reynolds, V. (1998). Axis 1 comorbidity of borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 1733–1739. doi:10.​1176/​ajp.​155.​12.​1733.CrossRefPubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
The Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children (BPFS-C): Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance across Time and Sex in a Community-Based Sample
Auteurs
John D. Haltigan
Tracy Vaillancourt
Publicatiedatum
26-05-2016
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 4/2016
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-016-9550-1

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2016

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 4/2016 Naar de uitgave