Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research 3/2009

01-06-2009 | Original Article

The Assessment of Emotion Regulation in Cognitive Context: The Emotion Amplification and Reduction Scales

Auteurs: Nancy A. Hamilton, Paul Karoly, Matt Gallagher, Natalie Stevens, Cynthia Karlson, Danyale McCurdy

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 3/2009

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to provide initial psychometric evidence for the reliability and validity of The Emotion Amplification and Reduction Scales (TEARS), a questionnaire designed to assess perceived ability to change the trajectory of an emotional response. Items were formulated to assess perceived ability to amplify an emotionally response by either prolonging or intensifying an existing emotion. Additional items were selected to measure processes related to emotion reduction, selecting an emotional response or altering an existing emotion by softening, stopping, or shortening it. Both subscales, Emotion Amplification and Emotion Reduction, were found to have good internal consistency. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to document the two-factor structure of the measure and to assess evidence for construct validity. The latent Emotion Reduction variable was found to correlate inversely with negative affect and symptoms of depression. The latent Emotion Amplification variable was found to correlate with higher positive affect and also fatigue. As expected, TEARS is correlated with tonic measures of emotionality.
Literatuur
go back to reference Affleck, G., Tennen, H., Urrows, S., Higgins, P., Abeles, M., Hall, C., et al. (1998). Fibromyalgia and women’s pursuit of personal goals: A daily process analysis. Health Psychology, 17, 40–47.PubMedCrossRef Affleck, G., Tennen, H., Urrows, S., Higgins, P., Abeles, M., Hall, C., et al. (1998). Fibromyalgia and women’s pursuit of personal goals: A daily process analysis. Health Psychology, 17, 40–47.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association, A. P. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Fourth Addition, Text Revision (4th ed.). Washington DC: Author.CrossRef American Psychiatric Association, A. P. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Fourth Addition, Text Revision (4th ed.). Washington DC: Author.CrossRef
go back to reference Barrett, L. F., Mesquita, B., Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2007). The experience of emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 373–403.PubMedCrossRef Barrett, L. F., Mesquita, B., Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2007). The experience of emotion. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 373–403.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. NY: Guilford. Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. NY: Guilford.
go back to reference Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1993). Beck Depression Inventory Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation. Harcort Brace & Company. Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1993). Beck Depression Inventory Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation. Harcort Brace & Company.
go back to reference Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Garbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77–100.CrossRef Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Garbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77–100.CrossRef
go back to reference Carels, R. A., Blumenthal, J. A., & Sherwood, A. (2000). Emotional responsivity during daily life: Relationship to psychosocial functioning and ambulatory blood pressure. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 36, 25–33.PubMedCrossRef Carels, R. A., Blumenthal, J. A., & Sherwood, A. (2000). Emotional responsivity during daily life: Relationship to psychosocial functioning and ambulatory blood pressure. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 36, 25–33.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of personality and social psychology, 56, 267–283.PubMedCrossRef Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of personality and social psychology, 56, 267–283.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Catanzaro, S. J., & Mearns, J. (1990). Measuring generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation: Initial scale development and implications. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54, 546–563.PubMedCrossRef Catanzaro, S. J., & Mearns, J. (1990). Measuring generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation: Initial scale development and implications. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54, 546–563.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1988). Manual for the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Palo Alto CA: Consulting Psychologist Press. Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1988). Manual for the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Palo Alto CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
go back to reference Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2006). Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire-development of a short 18-item version (CERQ-short). Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 1045–1053.CrossRef Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2006). Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire-development of a short 18-item version (CERQ-short). Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 1045–1053.CrossRef
go back to reference Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review-of-General-Psychology, 2, 271–299.CrossRef Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review-of-General-Psychology, 2, 271–299.CrossRef
go back to reference Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A., & Nowicki, G. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1122–1131.PubMedCrossRef Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A., & Nowicki, G. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1122–1131.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kamholz, B. W., Hayes, A. M., Carver, C. S., Gulliver, S. B., & Perlman, C. A. (2006). Identification and evaluation of cognitive affect-regulation strategies: Development of a self-report measure. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 227–262.CrossRef Kamholz, B. W., Hayes, A. M., Carver, C. S., Gulliver, S. B., & Perlman, C. A. (2006). Identification and evaluation of cognitive affect-regulation strategies: Development of a self-report measure. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 227–262.CrossRef
go back to reference Karoly, P. (1993). Goal systems: An organizing framework for clinical assessment and treatment planning. Psychological Assessment, 5, 273–280.CrossRef Karoly, P. (1993). Goal systems: An organizing framework for clinical assessment and treatment planning. Psychological Assessment, 5, 273–280.CrossRef
go back to reference Karoly, P. (1999). A goal-systems-self-regulatory perspective on personality, psychopathology, and change. Review of General Psychology, 3, 264–291.CrossRef Karoly, P. (1999). A goal-systems-self-regulatory perspective on personality, psychopathology, and change. Review of General Psychology, 3, 264–291.CrossRef
go back to reference Karoly, P., & Ruehlman, L. S. (1996). Motivational implications of pain: Chronicity, psychological distress, and work goal construal in a national sample of adults. Health Psychology, 15, 383–390.PubMedCrossRef Karoly, P., & Ruehlman, L. S. (1996). Motivational implications of pain: Chronicity, psychological distress, and work goal construal in a national sample of adults. Health Psychology, 15, 383–390.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 151–173.CrossRef Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 151–173.CrossRef
go back to reference Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. J. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Educational implications (pp. 3–34). NY: Basic books. Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. J. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Educational implications (pp. 3–34). NY: Basic books.
go back to reference Morris, W. N., & Reilly, N. P. (1987). Toward the self-regulation of mood: Theory and research. Motivation and Emotion, 11, 215–249.CrossRef Morris, W. N., & Reilly, N. P. (1987). Toward the self-regulation of mood: Theory and research. Motivation and Emotion, 11, 215–249.CrossRef
go back to reference Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Morrow, J., & Fredrickson, B. L. (1990). The effects of response styles on the duration of depressed mood: A field study. Stanford, CA: Stanford University. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Morrow, J., & Fredrickson, B. L. (1990). The effects of response styles on the duration of depressed mood: A field study. Stanford, CA: Stanford University.
go back to reference Parkinson, B., & Totterdell, P. (1999). Classifying affect-regulation strategies. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 277–303.CrossRef Parkinson, B., & Totterdell, P. (1999). Classifying affect-regulation strategies. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 277–303.CrossRef
go back to reference Parrott, W. G. (1993). Beyond hedonism: Motives for inhibiting good moods and for maintaining bad moods. In D. M. Wegner & J. W. Pennebaker (Eds.), Handbook of mental control. Century psychology series (pp. 278–305). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Parrott, W. G. (1993). Beyond hedonism: Motives for inhibiting good moods and for maintaining bad moods. In D. M. Wegner & J. W. Pennebaker (Eds.), Handbook of mental control. Century psychology series (pp. 278–305). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
go back to reference Persson, L., & Sjoberg, L. (1987). Mood and somatic symptoms. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 31, 499–511.PubMedCrossRef Persson, L., & Sjoberg, L. (1987). Mood and somatic symptoms. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 31, 499–511.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rippere, V. (1977). What’s the thing to do when you’re feeling depressed?: A pilot study. Behavior Research and Therapy, 15, 185–191.CrossRef Rippere, V. (1977). What’s the thing to do when you’re feeling depressed?: A pilot study. Behavior Research and Therapy, 15, 185–191.CrossRef
go back to reference Roger, D., & Najarian, B. (1989). The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring emotion control. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 845–853.CrossRef Roger, D., & Najarian, B. (1989). The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring emotion control. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 845–853.CrossRef
go back to reference Salovey, P., Hsee, C. K., & Mayer, J. D. (1993). Emotional intelligence and the self-regulation of affect. In D. M. Wegner & J. W. Pennebaker (Eds.), Handbook of mental control. Century psychology series (pp. 258–277). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Salovey, P., Hsee, C. K., & Mayer, J. D. (1993). Emotional intelligence and the self-regulation of affect. In D. M. Wegner & J. W. Pennebaker (Eds.), Handbook of mental control. Century psychology series (pp. 258–277). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
go back to reference Salovey, P., Mayer, J. D., Goldman, S. L., Turvey, C., & Palfai, T. P. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. In J. W. Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotional disclosure and health (pp. 125–154). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef Salovey, P., Mayer, J. D., Goldman, S. L., Turvey, C., & Palfai, T. P. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. In J. W. Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotional disclosure and health (pp. 125–154). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef
go back to reference Sinclair, V. G., Wallston, K. A., Dwyer, K. A., Blackburn, D. S., & Fuchs, H. (1998). Effects of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for women with rheumatoid arthritis. Research in Nursing Health, 21, 315–326.PubMedCrossRef Sinclair, V. G., Wallston, K. A., Dwyer, K. A., Blackburn, D. S., & Fuchs, H. (1998). Effects of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for women with rheumatoid arthritis. Research in Nursing Health, 21, 315–326.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tack, B. (1990). Self-reported fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: A pilot study. Arthritis Care and Research, 3, 156–157. Tack, B. (1990). Self-reported fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: A pilot study. Arthritis Care and Research, 3, 156–157.
go back to reference Thayer, R. E., Newman, J. R., & McClain, T. M. (1994). Self-regulation of mood strategies for changing a bad mood, raising energy, and reducing tension. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 910–925.PubMedCrossRef Thayer, R. E., Newman, J. R., & McClain, T. M. (1994). Self-regulation of mood strategies for changing a bad mood, raising energy, and reducing tension. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 910–925.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.PubMedCrossRef Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wells, A., & Davies, M. I. (1994). The thought control questionnaire: A measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts. Behavior Research Therapy, 32, 871–878.CrossRef Wells, A., & Davies, M. I. (1994). The thought control questionnaire: A measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts. Behavior Research Therapy, 32, 871–878.CrossRef
go back to reference Zautra, A. J. (2003). Emotions, stress, and health. New York: Oxford University Press. Zautra, A. J. (2003). Emotions, stress, and health. New York: Oxford University Press.
Metagegevens
Titel
The Assessment of Emotion Regulation in Cognitive Context: The Emotion Amplification and Reduction Scales
Auteurs
Nancy A. Hamilton
Paul Karoly
Matt Gallagher
Natalie Stevens
Cynthia Karlson
Danyale McCurdy
Publicatiedatum
01-06-2009
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 3/2009
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9163-9

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2009

Cognitive Therapy and Research 3/2009 Naar de uitgave