Examination of the anus and rectum can be embarrassing for both patients and physicians. If it is carried out professionally, giving clear instructions to the patient, it can provide important information on disorders that manifest themselves in this region. It is important to have the patient adopt the correct position before starting the examination: this could be supine, lateral or knee-elbow position or standing. Begin by inspecting the anus and perianal region, followed by anal palpation and then rectal examination. The technique required to carry out this examination correctly is described in this chapter, followed by a description of the clinical significance of any abnormalities and the scientific value of anal and rectal examination.
