Introduction
Data and methods
Samples and data collection
Health instruments
EQ-5D-5L
EQ-5D-5L summary index
EQ VAS
Reworded QOLIBRI-OS
Background variables
Data-analysis
Results
Sample
Italy (N = 377) | Netherlands (N = 390) | UK (N = 404) | |
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
Age | |||
Median (Q1, Q3) | 43 (32.0, 55.0) | 47 (36.0, 57.0) | 44 (34.0, 56.2) |
Gender | |||
Male | 205 (54.4%) | 206 (52.8%) | 206 (51.0%) |
Female | 172 (45.6%) | 184 (47.2%) | 198 (49.0%) |
Education level | |||
Low | 97 (25.7%) | 92 (23.6%) | 94 (23.3%) |
Middle | 226 (59.9%) | 204 (52.3%) | 182 (45.0%) |
High | 54 (14.3%) | 94 (24.1%) | 128 (31.7%) |
Occupational status | |||
Employed | 178 (47.2%) | 224 (57.4%) | 227 (56.2%) |
Unemployed | 143 (37.9%) | 76 (19.5%) | 79 (19.6%) |
Retired | 54 (14.3%) | 51 (13.1%) | 68 (16.8%) |
Unable to work | 2 (0.5%) | 39 (10.0%) | 30 (7.4%) |
Household income level | |||
Low | 92 (24.4%) | 69 (17.7%) | 77 (19.1%) |
Middle | 203 (53.8%) | 187 (47.9%) | 216 (53.5%) |
High | 29 (7.7%) | 38 (9.7%) | 83 (20.5%) |
Unknown | 53 (14.1%) | 96 (24.6%) | 28 (6.9%) |
HRQoL
Test–retest reliability
Italy | Netherlands | UK | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gwet’s AC2 (95%CI) | % Agree.a | Gwet’s AC2 (95%CI) | % Agree | Gwet’s AC2 (95%CI) | % Agree | |
EQ-5D-5L | ||||||
Mobility | 0.93 0.90–0.95) | 90.7 | 0.81 (0.77–0.86) | 80.8 | 0.88 (0.85–0.92) | 86.6 |
Self-care | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 97.1 | 0.94 (0.92–0.96) | 92.1 | 0.94 (0.92–0.96) | 92.6 |
Usual activities | 0.91 (0.88–0.94) | 89.4 | 0.81 (0.76–0.85) | 79.2 | 0.86 (0.82–0.89) | 83.9 |
Pain/Discomfort | 0.65 (0.59–0.71) | 69.0 | 0.64 (0.58–0.71) | 70.8 | 0.74 (0.70–0.79) | 76.0 |
Anxiety/Depression | 0.67 (0.61–0.72) | 69.2 | 0.76 (0.72–0.81) | 75.6 | 0.71 (0.66–0.77) | 72.8 |
ICC (trans.b) 95% CI | CCC 95% CI | ICC (trans.) 95% CI | CCC 95% CI | ICC (trans.) 95% CI | CCC 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EQ VAS | 0.62 (0.56–0.68) | 0.61 (0.54–0.67) | 0.67 (0.61–0.72) | 0.64 (0.58–0.70) | 0.66 (0.60–0.71) | 0.68 (0.63–0.73) |
EQ-5D Summary index | 0.76 (0.72–0.80) | 0.76 (0.72–0.80) | 0.81 (0.77–0.84) | 0.81 (0.77–0.84) | 0.85 (0.82–0.87) | 0.84 (0.81–0.87) |
Gwet’s AC2 (95%CI) | % Agree | Gwet’s AC2 (95%CI) | % Agree | Gwet’s AC2 (95%CI) | % Agree | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reworded QOLIBRI-OS | ||||||
Physical condition | 0.55 (0.49–0.62) | 56.0 | 0.62 (0.56–0.67) | 62.8 | 0.47 (0.40–0.53) | 55.4 |
Cognition | 0.57 (0.51–0.63) | 58.4 | 0.63 (0.57–0.68) | 62.8 | 0.51 (0.44–0.57) | 56.2 |
Emotion | 0.47 (0.41–0.54) | 50.7 | 0.55 (0.49–0.60) | 53.6 | 0.45 (0.38–0.51) | 52.7 |
Function in daily activities | 0.47 (0.47–0.54) | 49.9 | 0.64 (0.58–0.70) | 65.4 | 0.52 (0.46–0.58) | 56.9 |
Personal and social life | 0.45 (0.38–0.51) | 50.4 | 0.59 (0.53–0.65) | 59.7 | 0.41 (0.34–0.48) | 53.0 |
Current situation and future prospects | 0.39 (0.32–0.46) | 46.7 | 0.54 (0.48–0.60) | 58.2 | 0.44 (0.37–0.50) | 53.0 |
ICC (trans.) 95% CI | CCC 95% CI | ICC (trans.) 95% CI | CCC 95% CI | ICC (trans.) 95% CI | CCC 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reworded QOLIBRI-OS level sum score | 0.69 (0.64–0.74) | 0.69 (0.64–0.74) | 0.77 (0.73–0.81) | 0.78 (0.74–0.81) | 0.76 (0.72–0.80) | 0.77 (0.73–0.81) |