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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Gepubliceerd in:

01-04-2009

Temperament and Risk for Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: Mediation by Rumination and Moderation by Effortful Control

Auteurs: Katrien Verstraeten, Michael W. Vasey, Filip Raes, Patricia Bijttebier

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 3/2009

Abstract

The present study examined the relations between temperament, ruminative response style and depressive symptoms both cross-sectionally and prospectively (1 year follow-up) in a community sample of 304 seventh- through tenth-graders. First, higher levels of negative affectivity (NA), lower levels of positive affectivity (PA) and lower levels of effortful control (EC) were found to be associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Second, the association between NA and PA on the one hand and depressive symptoms on the other was significantly moderated by level of EC (low PA and high NA are associated with depressive symptoms only if EC is low) and these relations were moderated by sex in the cross-sectional data. In the prospective data, T1 depressive symptoms and PA predicted T2 depressive symptoms; with EC approaching significance. Third, rumination also predicted T1 as well as T2 depressive symptoms. Finally, support was found for a model of moderated mediation: higher levels of NA were associated with higher levels of ruminative response style, which was in turn related to more depressive symptoms but only in individuals with low EC and this was true for the cross-sectional as well as the prospective data albeit with noteworthy differences in pattern. These findings confirm and extend previous findings on the associations between temperament, response styles and depression in adolescence and, as such, add to the growing body of research providing support for the applicability of cognitive vulnerability theories to depression in younger populations.

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We would like to thank an anonymous reviewer for pointing this out. Emotional reactivity and emotion regulation are interpreted somewhat differently in the emotion regulation field. In the temperament literature, the PANAS-scales are standard operationalizations for emotional reactivity.

Confirmatory factor analyses supported the fit of this one-factor model: χ ²(252)=729.62, p < 0.0001, RMSEA=0.08, CFI=0.91.

Some of the partipants in our sample were younger than 13. Findings remained unchanged, however, if they were excluded from the data set.

We evaluated the various measures in terms of item overlap. The BDI and ECS each contain one item tapping concentration, the BDI and CRSQ each assess the feeling of failure and being sad and the BDI and PANAS each assess sadness and guilt. However, omission of the overlapping items produced no significant change to the findings. Therefore, we report findings for the original scales.

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Titel: Temperament and Risk for Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: Mediation by Rumination and Moderation by Effortful Control
Auteurs: Katrien Verstraeten
Michael W. Vasey
Filip Raes
Patricia Bijttebier
Publicatiedatum: 01-04-2009
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 3/2009
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-008-9293-x

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