Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence 12/2013

01-12-2013 | Empirical Research

Teen Motherhood and Pregnancy Prototypes: The Role of Social Context in Changing Young African American Mothers’ Risk Images and Contraceptive Expectations

Auteurs: Ashley B. Barr, Ronald L. Simons, Leslie Gordon Simons, Frederick X. Gibbons, Meg Gerrard

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 12/2013

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Despite the declining rate of teen pregnancies in the United States, academic and public health experts have expressed concern over the still relatively high rate of rapid repeat pregnancies among adolescents, particularly among minority youth. Using a sample of over 300 African American female adolescents, the current study used insights from the prototype/willingness model of adolescent risk behavior to explore this risk. More specifically, it assessed the relationship between entry into unwed motherhood during mid-to-late adolescence and changes in prototypes of unmarried pregnant teens. Further, it explored the extent to which these changing prototypes accounted for young mothers’ later contraceptive expectations. We tested the possibility that social images were affected not only by personal experience (the birth of a child) but also by the family and community context in which this experience took place. The findings show that the early entrance into teen motherhood was associated with a shift toward more favorable prototypes of unwed pregnant teens, but that this was only the case for young mothers in disadvantaged contexts. Given this, prototype changes helped to explain the link between teen motherhood and contraceptive expectations only for those in disadvantaged contexts. We discuss these findings in terms of their practical and theoretical implications.
Literatuur
go back to reference Alan Guttmacher Institute. (2006). U.S. teenage pregnancy statistics national and state trends and trends by race and ethnicity. New York: Guttmacher Institute. Alan Guttmacher Institute. (2006). U.S. teenage pregnancy statistics national and state trends and trends by race and ethnicity. New York: Guttmacher Institute.
go back to reference Amato, P. R., Landale, N. S., Havasevich-Brooks, T. C., Booth, A., Eggebeen, D. J., Schoen, R., et al. (2008). Precursors of young women’s family formation pathways. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(5), 1271–1286.PubMedCrossRef Amato, P. R., Landale, N. S., Havasevich-Brooks, T. C., Booth, A., Eggebeen, D. J., Schoen, R., et al. (2008). Precursors of young women’s family formation pathways. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(5), 1271–1286.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Arai, L. (2007). Peer and neighbourhood influences on teenage pregnancy and fertility: Qualitative findings from research in English communities. Health & Place, 13(1), 87–98.CrossRef Arai, L. (2007). Peer and neighbourhood influences on teenage pregnancy and fertility: Qualitative findings from research in English communities. Health & Place, 13(1), 87–98.CrossRef
go back to reference Black, M. M., Bentley, M. E., Papas, M. A., Oberlander, S., Teti, L. O., McNary, S., et al. (2006). Delaying second births among adolescent mothers: A randomized, controlled trial of a home-based mentoring program. Pediatrics, 118(4), E1087–E1099. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2318.PubMedCrossRef Black, M. M., Bentley, M. E., Papas, M. A., Oberlander, S., Teti, L. O., McNary, S., et al. (2006). Delaying second births among adolescent mothers: A randomized, controlled trial of a home-based mentoring program. Pediatrics, 118(4), E1087–E1099. doi:10.​1542/​peds.​2005-2318.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Blanton, H., Vandeneijnden, R. J. J. M., Buunk, B., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., & Bakker, A. (2001). Accentuate the negative: Social images in the prediction and promotion of condom use. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(2), 274–295.CrossRef Blanton, H., Vandeneijnden, R. J. J. M., Buunk, B., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., & Bakker, A. (2001). Accentuate the negative: Social images in the prediction and promotion of condom use. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(2), 274–295.CrossRef
go back to reference Bouris, A., Guilamo-Ramos, V., Cherry, K., Dittus, P., Michael, S., & Gloppen, K. (2012). Preventing rapid repeat births among Latina adolescents: The role of parents. American Journal of Public Health, 102(10), 1842–1847.PubMedCrossRef Bouris, A., Guilamo-Ramos, V., Cherry, K., Dittus, P., Michael, S., & Gloppen, K. (2012). Preventing rapid repeat births among Latina adolescents: The role of parents. American Journal of Public Health, 102(10), 1842–1847.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bryant, C. M., Wickrama, K. A. S., Bollard, J., Bryant, B., Cutrona, C. E., & Stank, C. E. (2010). Race matters, even in marriage: Identifying factors linked to marital outcomes for African Americans. Journal of Family Theory and Review, 2(3), 157–174.CrossRef Bryant, C. M., Wickrama, K. A. S., Bollard, J., Bryant, B., Cutrona, C. E., & Stank, C. E. (2010). Race matters, even in marriage: Identifying factors linked to marital outcomes for African Americans. Journal of Family Theory and Review, 2(3), 157–174.CrossRef
go back to reference Caliendo, M., & Kopeinig, S. (2005). Some practical guidance for the implementation of propensity score matching: Discussion Paper No. 1588. Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor. Caliendo, M., & Kopeinig, S. (2005). Some practical guidance for the implementation of propensity score matching: Discussion Paper No. 1588. Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor.
go back to reference Cartmill, R. S. V., & Bromham, D. R. (1996). The impact of an unplanned pregnancy and termination on intended future contraception: Implications for reproductive health promotion. British Journal of Family Planning, 22(1), 2–5. Cartmill, R. S. V., & Bromham, D. R. (1996). The impact of an unplanned pregnancy and termination on intended future contraception: Implications for reproductive health promotion. British Journal of Family Planning, 22(1), 2–5.
go back to reference Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2007. Atlanta: Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2007. Atlanta: Department of Health and Human Services.
go back to reference Clemmens, D. (2003). Adolescent motherhood: A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 28(2), 93–99.CrossRef Clemmens, D. (2003). Adolescent motherhood: A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 28(2), 93–99.CrossRef
go back to reference Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
go back to reference Collins, P. H. (1990). Mammies, matriarchs, and other controlling images black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment (pp. 67–90). Boston: Unwin Hyman. Collins, P. H. (1990). Mammies, matriarchs, and other controlling images black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment (pp. 67–90). Boston: Unwin Hyman.
go back to reference Collins, P. H. (2004). Black sexual politics: African Americans, gender, and the new racism. New York: Routledge.CrossRef Collins, P. H. (2004). Black sexual politics: African Americans, gender, and the new racism. New York: Routledge.CrossRef
go back to reference Copeland-Linder, N., Lambert, S. F., Chen, Y.-F., & Ialongo, N. S. (2011). Contextual stress and health risk behaviors among African American adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(2), 158–173.PubMedCrossRef Copeland-Linder, N., Lambert, S. F., Chen, Y.-F., & Ialongo, N. S. (2011). Contextual stress and health risk behaviors among African American adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(2), 158–173.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Crittenden, C. P., Boris, N. W., Rice, J. C., Taylor, C. A., & Olds, D. L. (2009). The role of mental health factors, behavioral factors, and past experiences in the prediction of rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(1), 25–32.PubMedCrossRef Crittenden, C. P., Boris, N. W., Rice, J. C., Taylor, C. A., & Olds, D. L. (2009). The role of mental health factors, behavioral factors, and past experiences in the prediction of rapid repeat pregnancy in adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(1), 25–32.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Edin, K., & Kefalas, M. (2005). Promises I can keep: Why poor women put motherhood before marriage. Los Angeles: University of California Press. Edin, K., & Kefalas, M. (2005). Promises I can keep: Why poor women put motherhood before marriage. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
go back to reference Edin, K., Tach, L., & Mincy, R. (2009). Claiming fatherhood: Race and the dynamics of paternal involvement among unmarried men. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 621(1), 149–177.PubMedCrossRef Edin, K., Tach, L., & Mincy, R. (2009). Claiming fatherhood: Race and the dynamics of paternal involvement among unmarried men. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 621(1), 149–177.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140.CrossRef Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117–140.CrossRef
go back to reference Fisher, J., & Mason, R. (1981). The analysis of multicollinear data in criminology. In J. A. Fox (Ed.), Methods in quantitative criminology (pp. 99–125). New York: Academic Press. Fisher, J., & Mason, R. (1981). The analysis of multicollinear data in criminology. In J. A. Fox (Ed.), Methods in quantitative criminology (pp. 99–125). New York: Academic Press.
go back to reference Furstenberg, F. F. (2003). Teenage childbearing as a public issue and private concern. Annual Review of Sociology, 29(1), 23–39.CrossRef Furstenberg, F. F. (2003). Teenage childbearing as a public issue and private concern. Annual Review of Sociology, 29(1), 23–39.CrossRef
go back to reference Furstenberg, F. F. (2007). Destinies of the disadvantaged: The politics of teen childbearing. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Furstenberg, F. F. (2007). Destinies of the disadvantaged: The politics of teen childbearing. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
go back to reference Furstenberg, F. F. (2009). If Moynihan had only known: Race, class, and family change in the late twentieth century. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 621(1), 94–110.CrossRef Furstenberg, F. F. (2009). If Moynihan had only known: Race, class, and family change in the late twentieth century. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 621(1), 94–110.CrossRef
go back to reference Geronimus, A. T. (2003). Damned if you do: Culture, identity, privilege, and teenage childbearing in the United States. Social Science and Medicine, 57(5), 881–893.PubMedCrossRef Geronimus, A. T. (2003). Damned if you do: Culture, identity, privilege, and teenage childbearing in the United States. Social Science and Medicine, 57(5), 881–893.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Benthin, A. C., & Hessling, R. M. (1996). A longitudinal study of the reciprocal nature of risk behaviors and cognitions in adolescents: What you do shapes what you think, and vice versa. Health Psychology, 15(5), 344–354.PubMedCrossRef Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Benthin, A. C., & Hessling, R. M. (1996). A longitudinal study of the reciprocal nature of risk behaviors and cognitions in adolescents: What you do shapes what you think, and vice versa. Health Psychology, 15(5), 344–354.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Brody, G. H., Murry, V. M., Cleveland, M. J., & Wills, T. A. (2006). A theory-based dual-focus alcohol intervention for preadolescents: The strong African American families program. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20(2), 185–195.PubMedCrossRef Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Brody, G. H., Murry, V. M., Cleveland, M. J., & Wills, T. A. (2006). A theory-based dual-focus alcohol intervention for preadolescents: The strong African American families program. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 20(2), 185–195.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Houlihan, A. E., Stock, M. L., & Pomery, E. A. (2008). A dual-process approach to health risk decision making: The prototype willingness model. Developmental Review, 28(1), 29–61.CrossRef Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Houlihan, A. E., Stock, M. L., & Pomery, E. A. (2008). A dual-process approach to health risk decision making: The prototype willingness model. Developmental Review, 28(1), 29–61.CrossRef
go back to reference Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Reis-Bergan, M., Trudeau, L., Vande Lune, L. S., & Buunk, B. (2002). Inhibitory effects of drinker and nondrinker prototypes on adolescent alcohol consumption. Health Psychology, 21(6), 601–609.PubMedCrossRef Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Reis-Bergan, M., Trudeau, L., Vande Lune, L. S., & Buunk, B. (2002). Inhibitory effects of drinker and nondrinker prototypes on adolescent alcohol consumption. Health Psychology, 21(6), 601–609.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Stock, M. L., Vande Lune, L., & Cleveland, M. J. (2005). Images of smokers and willingness to smoke among African American pre-adolescents: An application of the prototype/willingness model of adolescent health risk behavior to smoking initiation. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 30(4), 305–318.PubMedCrossRef Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Stock, M. L., Vande Lune, L., & Cleveland, M. J. (2005). Images of smokers and willingness to smoke among African American pre-adolescents: An application of the prototype/willingness model of adolescent health risk behavior to smoking initiation. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 30(4), 305–318.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (1995). Predicting young adults’ health risk behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(3), 505–517.PubMedCrossRef Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (1995). Predicting young adults’ health risk behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(3), 505–517.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (1997). Health images and their effects on health behavior. In B. P. Buunk & F. X. Gibbons (Eds.), Health, coping, and well-being: Perspectives from social comparison theory (pp. 63–94). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (1997). Health images and their effects on health behavior. In B. P. Buunk & F. X. Gibbons (Eds.), Health, coping, and well-being: Perspectives from social comparison theory (pp. 63–94). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
go back to reference Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., & Boney McCoy, S. (1995). Prototype perception predicts (lack of) pregnancy prevention. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(1), 85–93.CrossRef Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., & Boney McCoy, S. (1995). Prototype perception predicts (lack of) pregnancy prevention. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(1), 85–93.CrossRef
go back to reference Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., & Lane, D. J. (2003). A social reaction model of adolescent health risk. In J. Suls & K. A. Wallston (Eds.), Social psychological foundations of health and illness. Blackwell series in health psychology and behavioral medicine (pp. 107–136). Malden: Blackwell Publishing. Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., & Lane, D. J. (2003). A social reaction model of adolescent health risk. In J. Suls & K. A. Wallston (Eds.), Social psychological foundations of health and illness. Blackwell series in health psychology and behavioral medicine (pp. 107–136). Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
go back to reference Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Lane, D. J., Mahler, H. I. M., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Using UV photography to reduce use of tanning booths: A test of cognitive mediation. Health Psychology, 24(4), 358–363.PubMedCrossRef Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Lane, D. J., Mahler, H. I. M., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Using UV photography to reduce use of tanning booths: A test of cognitive mediation. Health Psychology, 24(4), 358–363.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Goldner, J., Peters, T. L., Richards, M. H., & Pearce, S. (2011). Exposure to community violence and protective and risky contexts among low income urban African American adolescents: A prospective study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(2), 174–186.PubMedCrossRef Goldner, J., Peters, T. L., Richards, M. H., & Pearce, S. (2011). Exposure to community violence and protective and risky contexts among low income urban African American adolescents: A prospective study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(2), 174–186.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Harding, D. J. (2007). Cultural context, sexual behavior, and romantic relationships in disadvantaged neighborhoods. American Sociological Review, 72(3), 341–364.CrossRef Harding, D. J. (2007). Cultural context, sexual behavior, and romantic relationships in disadvantaged neighborhoods. American Sociological Review, 72(3), 341–364.CrossRef
go back to reference Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for the fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55.CrossRef Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for the fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55.CrossRef
go back to reference Kalmuss, D. S. (1986). Contraceptive use: A comparison between ever- and never-pregnant adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 7(5), 332–337.PubMedCrossRef Kalmuss, D. S. (1986). Contraceptive use: A comparison between ever- and never-pregnant adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 7(5), 332–337.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kirkman, M., Harrison, L., Hillier, L., & Pyett, P. (2001). ‘I know I’m doing a good job’: Canonical and autobiographical narratives of teenage mothers. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 3(3), 279–294.CrossRef Kirkman, M., Harrison, L., Hillier, L., & Pyett, P. (2001). ‘I know I’m doing a good job’: Canonical and autobiographical narratives of teenage mothers. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 3(3), 279–294.CrossRef
go back to reference Kogan, S. M., Simons, L. G., Chen, Y. F., Burwell, S. B., & Brody, G. (in press). Protective parenting, relationship power equity, and condom use among rural African Americans in emerging adulthood. Family Relations. Kogan, S. M., Simons, L. G., Chen, Y. F., Burwell, S. B., & Brody, G. (in press). Protective parenting, relationship power equity, and condom use among rural African Americans in emerging adulthood. Family Relations.
go back to reference Lanctot, N., & Smith, C. A. (2001). Sexual activity, pregnancy, and deviance in a representative urban sample of African American girls. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(3), 349–372.CrossRef Lanctot, N., & Smith, C. A. (2001). Sexual activity, pregnancy, and deviance in a representative urban sample of African American girls. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(3), 349–372.CrossRef
go back to reference Lansford, J. E., Yu, T., Erath, S. A., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., & Dodge, K. A. (2010). Developmental precursors of number of sexual partners from ages 16 to 22. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20(3), 651–677.PubMedCrossRef Lansford, J. E., Yu, T., Erath, S. A., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., & Dodge, K. A. (2010). Developmental precursors of number of sexual partners from ages 16 to 22. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20(3), 651–677.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Meade, C. S., & Ickovics, J. R. (2005). Systematic review of sexual risk among pregnant and mothering teens in the USA: Pregnancy as an opportunity for integrated prevention of STD and repeat pregnancy. Social Science and Medicine, 60(4), 661–678.PubMedCrossRef Meade, C. S., & Ickovics, J. R. (2005). Systematic review of sexual risk among pregnant and mothering teens in the USA: Pregnancy as an opportunity for integrated prevention of STD and repeat pregnancy. Social Science and Medicine, 60(4), 661–678.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Miller, J. (2008). Getting played: African American girls, urban inequality, and gendered violence. New York: New York University Press. Miller, J. (2008). Getting played: African American girls, urban inequality, and gendered violence. New York: New York University Press.
go back to reference Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
go back to reference Orcutt, H. K., & Cooper, M. L. (1997). The effects of pregnancy experience on contraceptive practice. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26(6), 763–778.PubMedCrossRef Orcutt, H. K., & Cooper, M. L. (1997). The effects of pregnancy experience on contraceptive practice. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26(6), 763–778.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Paukku, M., Quan, J., Darney, P., & Raine, T. (2003). Adolescents’ contraceptive use and pregnancy history: Is there a pattern? Obstetrics and Gynecology, 101(3), 534–538.PubMedCrossRef Paukku, M., Quan, J., Darney, P., & Raine, T. (2003). Adolescents’ contraceptive use and pregnancy history: Is there a pattern? Obstetrics and Gynecology, 101(3), 534–538.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pazol, K., Warner, L., Gavin, L., Callaghan, W. M., Spitz, A. M., Anderson, J. E., et al. (2012). Vital signs: Teen pregnancy—United States, 1991–2009. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 60(13), 414–420. Pazol, K., Warner, L., Gavin, L., Callaghan, W. M., Spitz, A. M., Anderson, J. E., et al. (2012). Vital signs: Teen pregnancy—United States, 1991–2009. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 60(13), 414–420.
go back to reference Raftery, A. E. (1995). Bayesian model selection in social research. Sociological Methodology, 25(1), 111–163.CrossRef Raftery, A. E. (1995). Bayesian model selection in social research. Sociological Methodology, 25(1), 111–163.CrossRef
go back to reference Rosengard, C. (2009). Confronting the intendedness of adolescent rapid repeat pregnancy. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(1), 5–6.PubMedCrossRef Rosengard, C. (2009). Confronting the intendedness of adolescent rapid repeat pregnancy. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(1), 5–6.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rosengard, C., Pollock, L., Weitzen, S., Meers, A., & Phipps, M. G. (2006). Concepts of the advantages and disadvantages of teenage childbearing among pregnant adolescents: A qualitative analysis. Pediatrics, 118(2), 503–510.PubMedCrossRef Rosengard, C., Pollock, L., Weitzen, S., Meers, A., & Phipps, M. G. (2006). Concepts of the advantages and disadvantages of teenage childbearing among pregnant adolescents: A qualitative analysis. Pediatrics, 118(2), 503–510.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Schelar, E., Franzetta, K., & Manlove, J. (2007). Repeat teen childbearing: Differences across states and by race and ethnicity. Child Trends Research Brief no. 2007–23, pp. 1–7. Schelar, E., Franzetta, K., & Manlove, J. (2007). Repeat teen childbearing: Differences across states and by race and ethnicity. Child Trends Research Brief no. 2007–23, pp. 1–7.
go back to reference Seamark, C. J., & Lings, P. (2004). Positive experiences of teenage motherhood: A qualitative study. British Journal of General Practice, 54(508), 813–818.PubMed Seamark, C. J., & Lings, P. (2004). Positive experiences of teenage motherhood: A qualitative study. British Journal of General Practice, 54(508), 813–818.PubMed
go back to reference Simons, L. G., Simons, R. L., Conger, R. D., & Brody, G. H. (2004). Collective socialization and child conduct problems: A multilevel analysis with an African American sample. Youth & Society, 35(3), 267–292.CrossRef Simons, L. G., Simons, R. L., Conger, R. D., & Brody, G. H. (2004). Collective socialization and child conduct problems: A multilevel analysis with an African American sample. Youth & Society, 35(3), 267–292.CrossRef
go back to reference Simons, R. L., Lin, K.-H., Gordon, L. C., Brody, G. H., Murry, V., & Conger, R. (2002a). Community differences in the association between parenting practices and child conduct problems. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(2), 331–345.CrossRef Simons, R. L., Lin, K.-H., Gordon, L. C., Brody, G. H., Murry, V., & Conger, R. (2002a). Community differences in the association between parenting practices and child conduct problems. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(2), 331–345.CrossRef
go back to reference Simons, R. L., Murry, V., McLoyd, V., Lin, K.-H., Cutrona, C., & Conger, R. D. (2002b). Discrimination, crime, ethnic identity, and parenting as correlates of depressive symptoms among African American children: A multilevel analysis. Development and Psychopathology, 14(2), 371–393.PubMedCrossRef Simons, R. L., Murry, V., McLoyd, V., Lin, K.-H., Cutrona, C., & Conger, R. D. (2002b). Discrimination, crime, ethnic identity, and parenting as correlates of depressive symptoms among African American children: A multilevel analysis. Development and Psychopathology, 14(2), 371–393.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Simons, R. L., Simons, L. G., Lei, M. K., & Landor, A. M. (2012). Relational schemas, hostile romantic relationships, and beliefs about marriage among young African American adults. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 29(1), 77–101.PubMedCrossRef Simons, R. L., Simons, L. G., Lei, M. K., & Landor, A. M. (2012). Relational schemas, hostile romantic relationships, and beliefs about marriage among young African American adults. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 29(1), 77–101.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference South, S. J., & Crowder, K. (2010). Neighborhood poverty and nonmarital fertility: Spatial and temporal dimensions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(1), 89–104. South, S. J., & Crowder, K. (2010). Neighborhood poverty and nonmarital fertility: Spatial and temporal dimensions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(1), 89–104.
go back to reference Spijkerman, R., Van Den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2007). Perceptions of smoking and nonsmoking peers: The value of smoker and nonsmoker prototypes in predicting smoking onset and regular smoking among adolescents. Health Education & Behavior, 34(6), 897–910.CrossRef Spijkerman, R., Van Den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2007). Perceptions of smoking and nonsmoking peers: The value of smoker and nonsmoker prototypes in predicting smoking onset and regular smoking among adolescents. Health Education & Behavior, 34(6), 897–910.CrossRef
go back to reference Spijkerman, R., van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Vitale, S., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2004). Explaining adolescents’ smoking and drinking behavior: The concept of smoker and drinker prototypes in relation to variables of the theory of planned behavior. Addictive Behaviors, 29(8), 1615–1622.PubMedCrossRef Spijkerman, R., van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Vitale, S., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2004). Explaining adolescents’ smoking and drinking behavior: The concept of smoker and drinker prototypes in relation to variables of the theory of planned behavior. Addictive Behaviors, 29(8), 1615–1622.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference StataCorp. (2011). Stata statistical software: Release 12. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP. StataCorp. (2011). Stata statistical software: Release 12. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
go back to reference Stevens-Simon, C., Kelly, L., & Singer, D. (1996). Absence of negative attitudes toward childbearing among pregnant teenagers: A risk factor for a rapid repeat pregnancy? Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 150(10), 1037–1043.PubMedCrossRef Stevens-Simon, C., Kelly, L., & Singer, D. (1996). Absence of negative attitudes toward childbearing among pregnant teenagers: A risk factor for a rapid repeat pregnancy? Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 150(10), 1037–1043.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tesser, A. (2007). Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. In D. A. Stapel & H. Blanton (Eds.), Social comparison theories: Key readings (pp. 105–120). New York: Psychology Press. Tesser, A. (2007). Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. In D. A. Stapel & H. Blanton (Eds.), Social comparison theories: Key readings (pp. 105–120). New York: Psychology Press.
go back to reference Thornton, B., Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (2002). Risk perception and prototype perception: Independent processes predicting risk behavior. Personality and Social Psychology, 28(7), 986–999. Thornton, B., Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (2002). Risk perception and prototype perception: Independent processes predicting risk behavior. Personality and Social Psychology, 28(7), 986–999.
go back to reference Wickrama, K. A. S., & Noh, S. (2010). The long arm of community: The influence of childhood community contexts across the early life course. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(8), 894–910.PubMedCrossRef Wickrama, K. A. S., & Noh, S. (2010). The long arm of community: The influence of childhood community contexts across the early life course. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(8), 894–910.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wilson, H., & Huntington, A. (2006). Deviant (M)Others: The construction of teenage motherhood in contemporary discourse. Journal of Social Policy, 35(1), 59–76.CrossRef Wilson, H., & Huntington, A. (2006). Deviant (M)Others: The construction of teenage motherhood in contemporary discourse. Journal of Social Policy, 35(1), 59–76.CrossRef
go back to reference Wilson, E. K., Samandari, G., Koo, H. P., & Tucker, C. (2011). Adolescent mothers’ postpartum contraceptive use: A qualitative study. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 43(4), 230–237.PubMedCrossRef Wilson, E. K., Samandari, G., Koo, H. P., & Tucker, C. (2011). Adolescent mothers’ postpartum contraceptive use: A qualitative study. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 43(4), 230–237.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Teen Motherhood and Pregnancy Prototypes: The Role of Social Context in Changing Young African American Mothers’ Risk Images and Contraceptive Expectations
Auteurs
Ashley B. Barr
Ronald L. Simons
Leslie Gordon Simons
Frederick X. Gibbons
Meg Gerrard
Publicatiedatum
01-12-2013
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 12/2013
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-9912-x

Andere artikelen Uitgave 12/2013

Journal of Youth and Adolescence 12/2013 Naar de uitgave