Top

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Gepubliceerd in:

25-02-2016 | Original Paper

Susceptibility to Optical Illusions Varies as a Function of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient but not in Ways Predicted by Local–Global Biases

Auteurs: Philippe A. Chouinard, Katy L. Unwin, Oriane Landry, Irene Sperandio

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 6/2016

Abstract

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder and those with autistic tendencies in non-clinical groups are thought to have a perceptual style privileging local details over global integration. We used 13 illusions to investigate this perceptual style in typically developing adults with various levels of autistic traits. Illusory susceptibility was entered into a principal-component analysis. Only one factor, consisting of the Shepard’s tabletops and Square-diamond illusions, was found to have reduced susceptibility as a function of autistic traits. Given that only two illusions were affected and that these illusions depend mostly on the processing of within-object relational properties, we conclude there is something distinct about autistic-like perceptual functioning but not in ways predicted by a preference of local over global elements.

vorige artikel Preschool Deployment of Evidence-Based Social Communication Intervention: JASPER in the Classroom

volgende artikel Brief Report: An Observational Measure of Empathy for Autism Spectrum: A Preliminary Study of the Development and Reliability of the Client Emotional Processing Scale

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Almeida, R. A., Dickinson, J. E., Maybery, M. T., Badcock, J. C., & Badcock, D. R. (2014). Enhanced global integration of closed contours in individuals with high levels of autistic-like traits. Vision Research, 103, 109–115.CrossRefPubMed

Bailey, A., Le Couteur, A., Gottesman, I., Bolton, P., Simonoff, E., Yuzda, E., & Rutter, M. (1995). Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: Evidence from a British twin study. Psychological Medicine, 25(1), 63–77.CrossRefPubMed

Baron-Cohen, S. (2003). The essential difference: Men, women, and the extreme male brain. London: Penquin.

Baron-Cohen, S., Cassidy, S., Auyeung, B., Allison, C., Achoukhi, M., Robertson, S., et al. (2014). Attenuation of typical sex differences in 800 adults with autism vs. 3900 controls. PLoS ONE, 9(7), e102251.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Baron-Cohen, S., & Hammer, J. (1997). Parents of children with Asperger syndrome: What is the cognitive phenotype? Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9(4), 548–554.CrossRefPubMed

Baron-Cohen, S., Richler, J., Bisarya, D., Gurunathan, N., & Wheelwright, S. (2003). The systemizing quotient: An investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism, and normal sex differences. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 358(1430), 361–374.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Baron-Cohen, S., & Wheelwright, S. (2004). The empathy quotient: An investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34(2), 163–175.CrossRefPubMed

Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J., & Clubley, E. (2001). The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1), 5–17.CrossRefPubMed

Bayliss, A. P., & Tipper, S. P. (2005). Gaze and arrow cueing of attention reveals individual differences along the autism spectrum as a function of target context. British Journal of Psychology, 96(1), 95–114.CrossRefPubMed

Beacher, F. D., Radulescu, E., Minati, L., Baron-Cohen, S., Lombardo, M. V., Lai, M. C., et al. (2012). Sex differences and autism: Brain function during verbal fluency and mental rotation. PLoS ONE, 7(6), e38355.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ben-Shalom, A., & Ganel, T. (2012). Object representations in visual memory: Evidence from visual illusions. Journal of Vision, 12(7), 1–11.CrossRef

Bölte, S., Holtmann, M., Poustka, F., Scheurich, A., & Schmidt, L. (2007). Gestalt perception and local-global processing in high-functioning autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(8), 1493–1504.CrossRefPubMed

Bölte, S., & Poustka, F. (2006). The broader cognitive phenotype of autism in parents: How specific is the tendency for local processing and executive dysfunction? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(6), 639–645.CrossRefPubMed

Burack, J. A., Iarocci, G., Flanagan, T. D., & Bowler, D. M. (2004). On mosaics and melting pots: Conceptual considerations of comparison and matching strategies. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34(1), 65–73.CrossRefPubMed

Chouinard, P. A., Noulty, W. A., Sperandio, I., & Landry, O. (2013). Global processing during the Müller-Lyer illusion is distinctively affected by the degree of autistic traits in the typical population. Experimental Brain Research, 230(2), 219–231.CrossRefPubMed

Cook, C. M., & Saucier, D. M. (2010). Mental rotation, targeting ability and Baron-Cohen’s empathisizing-systemizing theory of sex differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 712–716.CrossRef

Coren, S., & Porac, C. (1978). A new analysis of life-span age trends in visual illusion. Developmental Psychology, 14(2), 193–194.CrossRef

Davis, G., & Plaisted-Grant, K. (2015). Low endogenous neural noise in autism. Autism, 19(3), 351–362.CrossRefPubMed

de Grave, D. D., & Bruno, N. (2010). The effect of the Müller-Lyer illusion on saccades is modulated by spatial predictability and saccadic latency. Experimental Brain Research, 203(4), 671–679.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dunn, O. J. (1961). Multiple comparisons among means. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 56, 52–64.CrossRef

Frith, U. (2003). Autism: Explaining the enigma (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

Frith, U., & Happé, F. (1994). Autism: beyond “theory of mind”. Cognition, 50(1–3), 115–132.CrossRefPubMed

Ganel, T., & Goodale, M. A. (2003). Visual control of action but not perception requires analytical processing of object shape. Nature, 426(6967), 664–667.CrossRefPubMed

Gaugler, T., Klei, L., Sanders, S. J., Bodea, C. A., Goldberg, A. P., Lee, A. B., et al. (2014). Most genetic risk for autism resides with common variation. Nature Genetics, 46(8), 881–885.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gregory, R. L. (1980). Perceptions as hypotheses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 290(1038), 181–197.CrossRefPubMed

Grinter, E. J., Maybery, M. T., Pellicano, E., Badcock, J. C., & Badcock, D. R. (2010). Perception of shapes targeting local and global processes in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(6), 717–724.CrossRefPubMed

Groen, Y., Fuermaier, A. B., Den Heijer, A. E., Tucha, O., & Althaus, M. (2015). The empathy and systemizing quotient: The psycho-metric properties of the Dutch version and a review of the cross-cultural stability. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(9), 2848–2864.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Happé, F. (1996). Studying weak central coherence at low levels: Children with autism do not succumb to visual illusions. A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37(7), 873–877.CrossRefPubMed

Happé, F. (1999). Autism: Cognitive deficit or cognitive style? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3(6), 216–222.CrossRefPubMed

Happe, F., Briskman, J., & Frith, U. (2001). Exploring the cognitive phenotype of autism: Weak “central coherence” in parents and siblings of children with autism: I. Experimental tests. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(3), 299–307.CrossRefPubMed

Happé, F., & Frith, U. (2006). The weak coherence account: Detail-focused cognitive style in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(1), 5–25.CrossRefPubMed

Hoy, J. A., Hatton, C., & Hare, D. (2004). Weak central coherence: A cross-domain phenomenon specific to autism? Autism, 8(3), 267–281.CrossRefPubMed

Hudson, M., Nijboer, T. C., & Jellema, T. (2012). Implicit social learning in relation to autistic-like traits. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(12), 2534–2545.CrossRefPubMed

Hurst, R. M., Nelson-Gray, R. O., Mitchell, J. T., & Kwapil, T. R. (2007). The relationship of Asperger’s characteristics and schizotypal personality traits in a non-clinical adult sample. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(9), 1711–1720.CrossRefPubMed

Jolliffe, T., & Baron-Cohen, S. (1997). Are people with autism and Asperger syndrome faster than normal on the embedded figures Test? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38(5), 527–534.CrossRefPubMed

Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31–36.CrossRef

Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. The Nervous Child, 2, 217–250.

Lawson, R. P., Rees, G., & Friston, K. J. (2014). An aberrant precision account of autism. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, 302.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

McGrath, J., Johnson, K., Ecker, C., O’Hanlon, E., Gill, M., Gallagher, L., & Garavan, H. (2012). Atypical visuospatial processing in autism: Insights from functional connectivity analysis. Autism Research, 5(5), 314–330.CrossRefPubMed

Mitchell, P., Mottron, L., Soulieres, I., & Ropar, D. (2010). Susceptibility to the Shepard illusion in participants with autism: Reduced top–down influences within perception? Autism Research, 3(3), 113–119.CrossRefPubMed

Mitchell, P., Ropar, D., Ackroyd, K., & Rajendran, G. (2005). How perception impacts on drawings. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31(5), 996–1003.PubMed

Mottron, L., & Burack, J. A. (2001). Enhanced perceptual functioning in the development of autism. In J. A. Burack, T. Charman, N. Yirmiya, & P. R. Zelazo (Eds.), The development of autism: Perspectives from theory and research (pp. 131–148). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Mottron, L., Dawson, M., Soulieres, I., Hubert, B., & Burack, J. (2006). Enhanced perceptual functioning in autism: An update, and eight principles of autistic perception. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(1), 27–43.CrossRefPubMed

Palermo, M. T., Pasqualetti, P., Barbati, G., Intelligente, F., & Rossini, P. M. (2006). Recognition of schematic facial displays of emotion in parents of children with autism. Autism, 10(4), 353–364.CrossRefPubMed

Pellicano, E., & Burr, D. (2012). When the world becomes ‘too real’: A Bayesian explanation of autistic perception. Trends Cogn Sci, 16(10), 504–510.CrossRefPubMed

Pelphrey, K. A., Sasson, N. J., Reznick, J. S., Paul, G., Goldman, B. D., & Piven, J. (2002). Visual scanning of faces in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32(4), 249–261.CrossRefPubMed

Piven, J. (2001). The broad autism phenotype: A complementary strategy for molecular genetic studies of autism. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 105(1), 34–35.CrossRefPubMed

Ropar, D., & Mitchell, P. (1999). Are individuals with autism and Asperger’s syndrome susceptible to visual illusions? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40(8), 1283–1293.CrossRefPubMed

Ropar, D., & Mitchell, P. (2001). Susceptibility to illusions and performance on visuospatial tasks in individuals with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42(4), 539–549.CrossRefPubMed

Ruser, T. F., Arin, D., Dowd, M., Putnam, S., Winklosky, B., Rosen-Sheidley, B., et al. (2007). Communicative competence in parents of children with autism and parents of children with specific language impairment. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(7), 1323–1336.CrossRefPubMed

Schwarzkopf, D. S., Song, C., & Rees, G. (2011). The surface area of human V1 predicts the subjective experience of object size. Nature Neuroscience, 14(1), 28–30.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Shah, A., & Frith, U. (1983). An islet of ability in autistic children: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24(4), 613–620.CrossRefPubMed

Soulieres, I., Zeffiro, T. A., Girard, M. L., & Mottron, L. (2011). Enhanced mental image mapping in autism. Neuropsychologia, 49(5), 848–857.CrossRefPubMed

Sucksmith, E., Roth, I., & Hoekstra, R. A. (2011). Autistic traits below the clinical threshold: Re-examining the broader autism phenotype in the 21st century. Neuropsychology Review, 21(4), 360–389.CrossRefPubMed

Sutherland, A., & Crewther, D. P. (2010). Magnocellular visual evoked potential delay with high autism spectrum quotient yields a neural mechanism for altered perception. Brain, 133(Pt 7), 2089–2097.CrossRefPubMed

Tyler, C. W. (2011). Paradoxical perception of surfaces in the Shepard tabletop illusion. I-Perception, 2(2), 137–141.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

van Boxtel, J. J., & Lu, H. (2013). A predictive coding perspective on autism spectrum disorders. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 19.PubMedPubMedCentral

Van de Cruys, S., Evers, K., Van der Hallen, R., Van Eylen, L., Boets, B., de-Wit, L., & Wagemans, J. (2014). Precise minds in uncertain worlds: Predictive coding in autism. Psychological Review, 121(4), 649–675.CrossRefPubMed

Van der Hallen, R., Evers, K., Brewaeys, K., Van den Noortgate, W., & Wagemans, J. (2015). Global processing takes time: A meta-analysis on local-global visual processing in ASD. Psychological Bulletin, 141(3), 549–573.CrossRefPubMed

van Zoest, W., & Hunt, A. R. (2011). Saccadic eye movements and perceptual judgments reveal a shared visual representation that is increasingly accurate over time. Vision Research, 51(1), 111–119.CrossRefPubMed

von Helmholtz, H. (1867). Leipzig. Berlin, Germany: Voss.

Voyer, D., Voyer, S., & Bryden, M. P. (1995). Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: A meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables. Psychological Bulletin, 117(2), 250–270.CrossRefPubMed

Walter, E., Dassonville, P., & Bochsler, T. M. (2009). A specific autistic trait that modulates visuospatial illusion susceptibility. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(2), 339–349.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wheelwright, S., Baron-Cohen, S., Goldenfeld, N., Delaney, J., Fine, D., Smith, R., et al. (2006). Predicting autism spectrum quotient (AQ) from the systemizing quotient-revised (SQ-R) and empathy quotient (EQ). Brain Research, 1079(1), 47–56.CrossRefPubMed

Whitehouse, A. J., Barry, J. G., & Bishop, D. V. (2007). The broader language phenotype of autism: A comparison with specific language impairment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(8), 822–830.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Titel: Susceptibility to Optical Illusions Varies as a Function of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient but not in Ways Predicted by Local–Global Biases
Auteurs: Philippe A. Chouinard
Katy L. Unwin
Oriane Landry
Irene Sperandio
Publicatiedatum: 25-02-2016
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 6/2016
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2753-1

Andere artikelen Uitgave 6/2016

Severity of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Current Conceptualization, and Transition to DSM-5

Original Paper

Mapping Robots to Therapy and Educational Objectives for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Open Access
Original Paper

Early Characteristics of Children with ASD Who Demonstrate Optimal Progress Between Age Two and Four

Original Paper

Life Satisfaction Among Mothers of Individuals with Prader-Willi Syndrome

Original Paper

Widespread White Matter Differences in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Original Paper

The Relationship Between Intolerance of Uncertainty, Sensory Sensitivities, and Anxiety in Autistic and Typically Developing Children

Open Access
Original Paper