Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-04-2015 | ORIGINAL PAPER

State Mindfulness During Meditation Predicts Enhanced Cognitive Reappraisal

Auteurs: Eric L. Garland, Adam Hanley, Norman A. Farb, Brett Froeliger

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 2/2015

Abstract

Putatively, mindfulness meditation involves the generation of a state of “nonappraisal,” yet, little is known about how mindfulness may influence appraisal processes. We investigated whether the state and practice of mindfulness could enhance cognitive reappraisal. Participants (N = 44; M age = 24.44, SD = 4.00, range 19–38, 82.2 % female) were randomized to either (1) mindfulness, (2) suppression, or (3) mind wandering induction training conditions. Cognitive reappraisal was assessed with the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) prior to experimental induction, and state mindfulness was assessed immediately following induction using the Toronto Mindfulness Scale. Participants practiced their assigned strategy for 1 week and then were reassessed with the ERQ reappraisal subscale. Participants receiving mindfulness training reported significantly higher levels of state mindfulness than participants in the thought suppression and mind wandering conditions. Although brief mindfulness training did not lead to significantly greater increases in reappraisal than the other two conditions, state mindfulness during mindfulness meditation was prospectively associated with increases in reappraisal. Path analysis revealed that the indirect effect between mindfulness training and reappraisal was significant through state mindfulness. Degree of state mindfulness achieved during the act of mindfulness meditation significantly predicted increases in reappraisal over time, suggesting that mindfulness may promote emotion regulation by enhancing cognitive reappraisal.

vorige artikel Evaluation of an Advanced Mindfulness Program Following a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program for Participants Suffering from Mental Fatigue After Acquired Brain Injury

volgende artikel The Application of Mindfulness for Interpersonal Dependency: Effects of a Brief Intervention

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27–45.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality And Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.CrossRefPubMed

Boden, M. T., & Berenbaum, H. (2010). The bidirectional relations between affect and belief. Review of General Psychology, 14, 227–239.CrossRef

Bodhi, B. (2011). What does mindfulness really mean? A canonical perspective. Contemporary Buddhism, 12, 19–39.CrossRef

Cahn, B. R., & Polich, J. (2009). Meditation (Vipassana) and the P3a event-related brain potential. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 72, 51–60.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Chambers, R., Gullone, E., & Allen, N. B. (2009). Mindful emotion regulation: an integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 560–572.CrossRefPubMed

Clark, D. A., & Beck, A. T. (2010). Cognitive theory and therapy of anxiety and depression: convergence with neurobiological findings. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14, 418–424.CrossRefPubMed

Davidson, R. J. (2010). Empirical explorations of mindfulness: conceptual and methodological conundrums. Emotion, 10, 8–11.CrossRefPubMed

Desrosiers, A., Vine, V., Klemanski, D. H., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013). Mindfulness and emotion regulation in depression and anxiety: common and distinct mechanisms of action. Depression and Anxiety. doi:10.1002/da.22124/full.PubMedCentralPubMed

Dreyfus, G. (2011). Is mindfulness present-centred and non-judgmental? A discussion of the cognitive dimensions of mindfulness. Contemporary Buddhism, 12, 41–54.CrossRef

Farb, N. A., Segal, Z. V., & Anderson, A. K. (2013). Mindfulness meditation training alters cortical representations of interoceptive attention. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8, 15–26.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Froeliger, B., Garland, E. L., Modlin, L. A., & McClernon, F. J. (2012a). Neurocognitive correlates of the effects of yoga meditation practice on emotion and cognition: a pilot study. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 6, 48. doi:10.3389/fnint.2012.00048.CrossRef

Froeliger, B., Garland, E. L., Kozink, R. V., Modlin, L. A., Chen, N. K., McClernon, F. J., et al. (2012b). Meditation-state functional connectivity (msFC): strengthening of the dorsal attention network and beyond. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 1–9. doi:10.1155/2012/680407. Article ID 680407.

Froeliger, B., Garland, E. L., & McClernon, F. J. (2012c). Yoga meditation practitioners exhibit greater gray matter volume and fewer reported cognitive failures: results of a preliminary voxel-based morphometric analysis. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 1–8. doi:10.1155/2012/821307. Article ID 821307.

Gallagher, S. (2000). Philosophical conceptions of the self: implications for cognitive science. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 14–21.CrossRefPubMed

Garland, E. L. (2007). The meaning of mindfulness: a second-order cybernetics of stress, metacognition, and coping. Complementary Health Practice Review, 12, 15–30.

Garland, E. L. (2013). Mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement for addiction, stress, and pain. Washington, D.C.: NASW.

Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., & Park, J. (2009). The role of mindfulness in positive reappraisal. Explore (NY), 5, 37–44.CrossRef

Garland, E. L., Fredrickson, B. L., Kring, A. M., Johnson, D. P., Meyer, P. S., & Penn, D. L. (2010). Upward spirals of positive emotions counter downward spirals of negativity: insights from the broaden-and-build theory and affective neuroscience on the treatment of emotion dysfunctions and deficits in psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 849–864.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011). Positive reappraisal coping mediates the stress-reductive effect of mindfulness: an upward spiral process. Mindfulness, 2, 59–67.CrossRef

Garland, E. L., Roberts-Lewis, A., Kelley, K., Tronnier, C., & Hanley, A. (2013). Cognitive and affective mechanisms linking trait mindfulness to craving among individuals in addiction recovery. Substance Use & Misuse, in press.

Gootjes, L., Franken, I. H. A., & Van Strien, J. W. (2011). Cognitive emotion regulation in yogic meditative practitioners. Journal of Psychophysiology, 25(2), 87–94.CrossRef

Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39, 281–291.CrossRefPubMed

Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality And Social Psychology, 85, 348–362.CrossRefPubMed

Hanley, A., Garland, E. L., & Black, D. S. (2013). Use of mindful reappraisal coping among meditation practitioners. Journal of Clinical Psychology. doi:10.1002/jclp.22023.

Hayes, A. M., & Feldman, G. (2004). Clarifying the construct of mindfulness in the context of emotion regulation and the process of change in therapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 255–262.

Helgeson, V. S., Reynolds, K. A., & Tomich, P. L. (2006). A metaanalytic review of benefit finding and growth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(5), 797–816.

Hölzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2011). How does mindfulness meditation work? Proposing mechanisms of action from a conceptual and neural perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 537–559.CrossRef

Hooper, N., Davies, N., Davies, L., & McHugh, L. (2011). Comparing thought suppression and mindfulness as coping techniques for spider fear. Consciousness and Cognition, 20, 1824–1830.CrossRefPubMed

Huston, D. C., Garland, E. L., & Farb, N. A. (2011). Mechanisms of mindfulness in communication training. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 39, 406–421.CrossRef

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living. New York: Delacorte.

Kyabgon, T., & Wilber, K. (2007). The practice of Lojong: cultivating compassion through training the mind. Boston: Shambhala.

Lau, M. A., Bishop, S. R., Segal, Z. V., Buis, T., Anderson, N. D., Carlson, L., et al. (2006). The Toronto Mindfulness Scale: development and validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 1445–1467.CrossRefPubMed

Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.

McRae, K., Ochsner, K. N., Mauss, I. B., Gabrieli, J. J., & Gross, J. J. (2008). Gender differences in emotion regulation: an fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 11, 143–162.CrossRef

Mipham, S. (2000). Taming the mind and walking the bodhisattva path. Halifax: Vajradhatu.

Modinos, G., Ormel, J., & Aleman, A. (2010). Individual differences in dispositional mindfulness and brain activity involved in reappraisal of emotion. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 5, 369–377.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

Mrazek, M. D., Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2012). Mindfulness and mind-wandering: finding convergence through opposing constructs. Emotion, 12, 442–448.CrossRefPubMed

Ochsner, K. N., Bunge, S. A., Gross, J. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2002). Rethinking feelings: an fMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 1215–1229.CrossRefPubMed

Ochsner, K. N., Ray, R. D., Cooper, J. C., Robertson, E. R., Chopra, S., Gabrieli, J. D., et al. (2004). For better or for worse: neural systems supporting the cognitive down- and up-regulation of negative emotion. NeuroImage, 23, 483–499.CrossRefPubMed

Opitz, P. C., Rauch, L. C., Terry, D. P., & Urry, H. L. (2012). Prefrontal mediation of age differences in cognitive reappraisal. Neurobiology of Aging, 33, 645–655.CrossRefPubMed

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891.CrossRefPubMed

Segal, Z., Williams, J. M., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression. New York: Guilford.

Troy, A. S., Shallcross, A. J., Davis, T. S., & Mauss, I. B. (2012). History of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is associated with increased cognitive reappraisal ability. Mindfulness, 1–10.

Vago, D. R., & Silbersweig, D. A. (2012). Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6.

Wallace, B. A. (2003). Buddhism with an attitude: the Tibetan seven-point mind-training. Ithaca: Snow Lion.

Zeidan, F., Martucci, K. T., Kraft, R. A., McHaffie, J. G., & Coghill, R. C. (2013). Neural correlates of mindfulness meditation-related anxiety relief. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. doi:10.1093/scan/nst041.PubMed

Titel: State Mindfulness During Meditation Predicts Enhanced Cognitive Reappraisal
Auteurs: Eric L. Garland
Adam Hanley
Norman A. Farb
Brett Froeliger
Publicatiedatum: 01-04-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 2/2015
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0250-6

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2015

Meditation—It’s Not What You Think

ORTHOGONAL ROTATION IN CONSCIOUSNESS

Why It Pays to be Mindful: Trait Mindfulness Predicts Physiological Recovery from Emotional Stress and Greater Differentiation among Negative Emotions

ORIGINAL PAPER

The Application of Mindfulness for Interpersonal Dependency: Effects of a Brief Intervention

ORIGINAL PAPER

Mindful Self-Compassion Strategies for Survivors of Intimate Partner Abuse

ORIGINAL PAPER

Mindfulness-Based Interventions Reduce Psychological Distress in Working Adults: a Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies

ORIGINAL PAPER

Mindfulness Interventions with Youth: A Meta-Analysis

ORIGINAL RESEARCH