Bullies, victims, and adjustment
Stability in being a bully or a victim
Stability in being a bully or a victim, and adjustment
The present study
Method
Participants
Procedure
Measures
Childhood measures (peer nominations)
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Being liked | ||||||||
2. Being disliked | −.38***
| |||||||
3. Friend nominations | .71***
| −.35***
| ||||||
4. Aggression | −.20***
| .65***
| −.21***
| |||||
5. Disruption | −.14**
| .49***
| −.15***
| .71***
| ||||
6. Cooperation | .53***
| −.36***
| .51***
| −.30***
| −.26***
| |||
7. Shyness | −.16**
| −.06 | −.16***
| −.13**
| −.16***
| −.04 | ||
8. Offering help | .60***
| −.21***
| .58***
| −.06 | −.04 | .61***
| −.15**
| |
9. Help seeking | −.05 | .25 | −.06 | .18***
| .18***
| −.08 | .09 | .01 |
Adolescence | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
childhood | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | Insecurity |
1. Being liked | .25***
| −.16***
| .17***
| .01 | −.06 | .17***
| −.16***
| −.14**
|
2. Being disliked | −.17***
| .28***
| −.13**
| .24***
| .19***
| .16***
| −.05 | .07 |
3. Friend nominations | .25***
| −.14***
| .18***
| −.04 | −.08 | .21***
| −.11*
| −.11*
|
4. Aggression | .00 | .18***
| .02 | .38***
| .28***
| −.14**
| −.15***
| .00 |
5. Disruption | .01 | .17***
| .05 | .40***
| .30***
| −.14**
| −.21***
| −.01 |
6. Cooperation | .18***
| −.13***
| .11*
| −.08 | −.07 | .21***
| −.02 | −.08 |
7. Shyness | −.10*
| −.00 | −.09*
| −.16***
| −.12**
| −.02 | .30***
| .15**
|
8. Offering help | .16***
| −.09*
| .14**
| .06 | .01 | .15**
| −.13**
| −.13**
|
9. Help seeking | .10*
| .04 | .09*
| −.03 | −.01 | .03 | −.05 | −.09 |
Adolescence measures (peer nominations)
Results
Classification of bullies, victims and non-involved children
Bullies | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Childhood only (n=45) | Adolescence only (n=55) | Stable (n=46) | Non-involved (n=288) |
F-value | Partial eta squared | |
Childhood | ||||||
Being liked | .08b
| .20b
| −.37a
| .14b
| 3.75*
| .03 |
Being disliked | .44c
| −.28a
| 1.39b
| −.36a
| 86.31***
| .38 |
Friend nominations | .06b
| .08b
| −.38a
| .15b
| 3.79*
| .03 |
Aggression | 1.28b
| −.28a
| 1.78c
| −.42a
| 224.32***
| .61 |
Disruption | 1.18c
| −.12b
| 1.69d
| −.36a
| 137.25***
| .49 |
Offering help | .03 | .11 | −.10 | .08 | .49 | .00 |
Cooperation | −.30a
| .09b
| −.59a
| .20b
| 10.80***
| .07 |
Shyness | −.30ab
| −.27ab
| −.28a
| .06b
| 4.40**
| .03 |
Help seeking | .35b
| −.21a
| .02a
| −.10a
| 3.51*
| .02 |
Adolescence | ||||||
Being liked | .35 | .11 | −.18 | .14 | 2.31 | .02 |
Being disliked | −.37a
| .50b
| .87b
| −.33a
| 43.42***
| .23 |
Friend nominations | .28 | .11 | −.05 | .12 | .86 | .01 |
Aggression | −.26a
| .84b
| 1.77c
| −.34a
| 118.42***
| .45 |
Disruption | −.20a
| .54b
| 1.26c
| −.26a
| 46.81***
| .26 |
Cooperation | .10b
| −.28a
| −.41a
| .19b
| 7.27***
| .05 |
Shyness | −.29a
| −.28a
| −.51a
| .02b
| 6.85***
| .05 |
Insecurity | −.16 | −.14 | −.21 | −.01 | 1.01 | .01 |
Social adjustment of bullies in childhood
Victims | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Childhood only (n= 25) | Adolescence only (n= 25) | Stable (n=21) | Non-involved (n=288) |
F-value | Partial eta squared | |
Childhood | ||||||
Being liked | −.52a
| −.22ab
| −.88a
| .14b
| 9.28***
| .07 |
Being disliked | .63b
| −.28a
| 1.34c
| −.36 a
| 38.54***
| .25 |
Friend nominations | −.60a
| −.23ab
| −.58a
| .15b
| 7.44***
| .06 |
Aggression | .15b
| −.32a
| .18b
| −.42a
| 14.82***
| .11 |
Disruption | −.13 | −.48 | −.19 | −.36 | 1.53 | .01 |
Offering help | −.37a
| −.33ab
| −.44a
| .08b
| 3.44*
| .03 |
Cooperation | −.49a
| .02b
| −.52a
| .20b
| 5.87***
| .05 |
Shyness | .40 | .12 | .42 | .06 | 1.42 | .01 |
Help seeking | .30b
| −.06a
| .87c
| −.10a
| 8.14***
| .07 |
Adolescence | ||||||
Being liked | −.14b
| −.92a
| −.75a
| .14c
| 10.61***
| .08 |
Being disliked | −.21a
| .75b
| .81b
| −.33a
| 23.88***
| .17 |
Friend nominations | −.07b
| −.93a
| −.80a
| .12b
| 9.80***
| .08 |
Aggression | −.28 | −.25 | −.29 | −.34 | .09 | .00 |
Disruption | −.26 | .05 | .04 | −.26 | 2.12 | .02 |
Cooperation | −.11ab
| −.40a
| −.58a
| .19b
| 6.50***
| .05 |
Shyness | −.19a
| 1.03b
| 1.27b
| .02a
| 17.10***
| .13 |
Insecurity | −.02a
| .37ab
| .88b
| −.01a
| 4.37**
| .04 |