Skip to main content
Mijn bibliotheek
Shop
Nieuws Boeken Tijdschriften Toetsvragen Web-tv Video Audio
Tips voor Mijn BSL
Inloggen
Top
Gepubliceerd in:
hoofdstuk lezen eerste hoofdstuk lezen

2022 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

5. Spieren en spierfunctie

Auteur : Prof. dr. I. Bautmans

Gepubliceerd in: Geriatrie in de fysiotherapie en kinesitherapie

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail
    Link delen
publish
Publiceer nu

Samenvatting

Initieel werd sarcopenie gedefinieerd als leeftijdsgebonden afname in spiermassa. Operationele definities voor sarcopenie omvatten functieverlies in aanwezigheid van spierzwakte en/of spieratrofie. De pathofysiologie is multifactorieel en een nauwe samenhang met inflammatoire processen werd aangetoond. Sarcopenie verergert door een complexe interactie tussen veroudering, ondergebruik, immobilisatie, ziekte en ondervoeding. Aan de hand van een uitgebreid geriatrisch assessment kan de relatieve bijdrage van deze factoren worden bepaald en een adequate behandelstrategie worden ontwikkeld. Intensieve krachttraining is thans de meest efficiënte behandeling voor sarcopenie, zelfs bij zeer oude geriatrische patiënten. Significante verbeteringen (tot > 50 % krachtswinst) kunnen verwacht worden na zes weken training aan 2–3 sessies per week. Vanuit een preventief oogpunt zou alle oudere patiënten geadviseerd moeten worden om een dergelijk oefenprogramma op te starten en vol te houden. Naast effecten ter hoogte van de spier zelf, worden ook systemische reacties uitgelokt door spierkrachttraining, waaronder een betere cellulaire bescherming en een verlaging van het inflammatoir profiel.
vorige hoofdstuk Klinisch redeneren
volgende hoofdstuk Uithoudingsvermogen
Bijlagen
Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers
Literatuur
1.
Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Wang ZM, Ross R. Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18–88 yr. J Appl Physiol. 2000;89(1):81–8.PubMedCrossRef
2.
3.
Rosenberg IH. Sarcopenia: origins and clinical relevance. J Nutrition. 1997;127(5 Suppl):990S-1S.CrossRef
4.
Morley JE. Editorial: the top 10 hot topics in aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59A(1):24–33.CrossRef
5.
Sehl ME, Yates FE. Kinetics of human aging: I. Rates of senescence between ages 30 and 70 years in healthy people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(5):B198–208.
6.
Lexell J, Taylor CC, Sjostrom M. What is the cause of the ageing atrophy? Total number, size and proportion of different fiber types studied in whole vastus lateralis muscle from 15- to 83-year-old men. J Neurol Sci. 1988;84(2–3):275–94.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Marcell TJ. Review article: sarcopenia: causes, consequences, and preventions. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003;58(10):M911-6.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Frontera WR, Hughes VA, Lutz KJ, Evans WJ. A cross-sectional study of muscle strength and mass in 45- to 78-yr-old men and women. J Appl Physiol. 1991;71(2):644–50.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Narici MV, Maganaris CN. Plasticity of the muscle-tendon complex with disuse and aging. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2007;35(3):126–34.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Aniansson A, Grimby G, Hedberg M. Compensatory muscle fiber hypertrophy in elderly men. J Appl Physiol. 1992;73(3):812–6.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Krabbe KS, Pedersen M, Bruunsgaard H. Inflammatory mediators in the elderly. Exp Gerontol. 2004;39(5):687–99.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Beyer I, Mets T, Bautmans I. Chronic low-grade inflammation and age-related sarcopenia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012;15(1):12–22.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Kushner I. C-reactive protein elevation can be caused by conditions other than inflammation and may reflect biologic aging. Cleve Clin J Med. 2001;68(6):535–7.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Visser M, Pahor M, Taaffe DR, Goodpaster BH, Simonsick EM, Newman AB, et al. Relationship of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha with muscle mass and muscle strength in elderly men and women: the Health ABC Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002;57(5):M326-32.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Payette H, Roubenoff R, Jacques PF, Dinarello CA, Wilson PW, Abad LW, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-1 and interleukin 6 predict sarcopenia in very old community-living men and women: the Framingham Heart Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(9):1237–43.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zanni F, Vescovini R, Biasini C, Fagnoni F, Zanlari L, Telera A, et al. Marked increase with age of type 1 cytokines within memory and effector/cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in humans: a contribution to understand the relationship between inflammation and immunosenescence. Exp Gerontol. 2003;38(9):981–7.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Lauretani F, Russo CR, Bandinelli S, Bartali B, Cavazzini C, Di Iorio A, et al. Age-associated changes in skeletal muscles and their effect on mobility: an operational diagnosis of sarcopenia. J Appl Physiol. 2003;95(5):1851–60.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Trappe S, Gallagher P, Harber M, Carrithers J, Fluckey J, Trappe T. Single muscle fibre contractile properties in young and old men and women. J Physiol. 2003;552(1):47–58.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
19.
Avery NC, Bailey AJ. Enzymic and non-enzymic cross-linking mechanisms in relation to turnover of collagen: relevance to aging and exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2005;15(4):231–40.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Lee CE, McArdle A, Griffiths RD. The role of hormones, cytokines and heat shock proteins during age-related muscle loss. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2007;26(5):524–34.CrossRef
21.
Njemini R, Bautmans I, Lambert M, Demanet C, Mets T. Heat shock proteins and chemokine/cytokine secretion profile in ageing and inflammation. Mech Ageing Dev. 2007;128(7–8):450–4.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Njemini R, Lambert M, Demanet C, Kooijman R, Mets T. Basal and infection-induced levels of heat shock proteins in human aging. Biogerontology. 2007.
23.
Njemini R, Lambert M, Demanet C, Mets T. Heat shock protein 32 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: effect of aging and inflammation. J Clin Immunol. 2005;25(5):405–17.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Njemini R, Lambert M, Demanet C, Mets T. The effect of aging and inflammation on heat shock protein 27 in human monocytes and lymphocytes. Exp Gerontol. 2006;41(3):312–9.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Njemini R, Abeele MV, Demanet C, Lambert M, Vandebosch S, Mets T. Age-related decrease in the inducibility of heat-shock protein 70 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Clin Immunol. 2002;22(4):195–205.PubMedCrossRef
26.
Njemini R, Demanet C, Mets T. Inflammatory status as an important determinant of heat shock protein 70 serum concentrations during aging. Biogerontology. 2004;5(1):31–8.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Delves PJ, Roitt IM. The immune system. Second of two parts. N Engl J Med. 2000;343(2):108–17.
28.
Baracos V, Rodemann HP, Dinarello CA, Goldberg AL. Stimulation of muscle protein degradation and prostaglandin E2 release by leukocytic pyrogen (interleukin-1). A mechanism for the increased degradation of muscle proteins during fever. N Engl J Med. 1983;308(10):553–8.
29.
30.
Zoico E, Roubenoff R. The role of cytokines in regulating protein metabolism and muscle function. Nutr Rev. 2002;60(2):39–51.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Mitch WE, Goldberg AL. Mechanisms of muscle wasting. The role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. N Engl J Med. 1996;335(25):1897–905.
32.
Argiles JM, Alvarez B, Carbo N, Busquets S, Van Royen M, Lopez-Soriano FJ. The divergent effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha on skeletal muscle: implications in wasting. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2000;11(4):552–9.PubMed
33.
Bauer J, Biolo G, Cederholm T, Cesari M, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Morley JE, et al. Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group. J Am Med Directors Assoc. 2013;14(8):542–59.CrossRef
34.
Paddon-Jones D, Campbell WW, Jacques PF, Kritchevsky SB, Moore LL, Rodriguez NR, et al. Protein and healthy aging. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015.
35.
Montero-Odasso M, Duque G. Vitamin D in the aging musculoskeletal system: an authentic strength preserving hormone. Mol Asp Med. 2005;26:203–19.CrossRef
36.
37.
Drieskens S, Nguyen D, Gisle L. Gezondheidsenquête 2018: Lichaamsbeweging. Sciensano; 2018. Report No.: D/2019/14.440/54.
38.
Hawkins SA, Wiswell RA, Marcell TJ. Exercise and the master athlete–a model of successful aging? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003;58(11):1009–11.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Wiswell RA, Hawkins SA, Jaque SV, Hyslop D, Constantino N, Tarpenning K, et al. Relationship between physiological loss, performance decrement, and age in master athletes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(10):M618-26.PubMedCrossRef
40.
Meltzer DE. Age dependence of Olympic weightlifting ability. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994;26(8):1053–67.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Klitgaard H, Mantoni M, Schiaffino S, Ausoni S, Gorza L, Laurent-Winter C, et al. Function, morphology and protein expression of ageing skeletal muscle: a cross-sectional study of elderly men with different training backgrounds. Acta Physiol Scand. 1990;140(1):41–54.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Brown M. The master athlete. Orthop Phys Ther Clin N Am. 1997;6(3):253–66.
43.
Hurley MV, Rees J, Newham DJ. Quadriceps function, proprioceptive acuity and functional performance in healthy young, middle-aged and elderly subjects. Age Ageing. 1998;27(1):55–62.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Janssen I. Influence of sarcopenia on the development of physical disability: the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54(1):56–62.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Hortobagyi T, Mizelle C, Beam S, DeVita P. Old adults perform activities of daily living near their maximal capabilities. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003;58(5):M453-60.PubMedCrossRef
46.
Mets T, Bautmans I, Njemini R, Lambert M, Demanet C. The influence of celecoxib on muscle fatigue resistance and mobility in elderly patients with inflammation. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2004;2(4):230–8.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Bautmans I, Njemini R, Lambert M, Demanet C, Mets T. Circulating acute phase mediators and skeletal muscle performance in hospitalized geriatric patients. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60(3):361–7.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Hoenig H, Rubenstein LZ. Hospital-associated deconditioning and dysfunction. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39:220–2.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Janssen I, Shepard DS, Katzmarzyk PT, Roubenoff R. The healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(1):80–5.PubMedCrossRef
50.
Mijnarends DM, Schols JMGA, Halfens RJG, Meijers JMM, Luiking YC, Verlaan S, et al. Burden-of-illness of Dutch community-dwelling older adults with sarcopenia: Health related outcomes and costs. Euro Geriatr Med. 2016;7(3):276–84.CrossRef
51.
52.
Baumgartner RN, Koehler KM, Gallagher D, Romero L, Heymsfield SB, Ross RR, et al. Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;147(8):755–63.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Ross R. Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(5):889–96.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Bautmans I, Van Puyvelde K, Mets T. Sarcopenia and functional decline: pathophysiology, prevention and therapy. Acta Clin Belg. 2009;64(4):303–16.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Gallagher D, Ruts E, Visser M, Heshka S, Baumgartner RN, Wang J, et al. Weight stability masks sarcopenia in elderly men and women. Am J Physiol. 2000;279(2):E366-75.
56.
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, et al. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing. 2010;39(4):412–23.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
57.
Fielding RA, Vellas B, Evans WJ, Bhasin S, Morley JE, Newman AB, et al. Sarcopenia: an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences. International working group on sarcopenia. J Am Med Directors Assoc. 2011;12(4):249–56.
58.
Lauretani F, Bautmans I, De Vita F, Nardelli A, Ceda GP, Maggio M. Identification and treatment of older persons with sarcopenia. Aging Male. 2014:1–6.
59.
Dawson-Hughes B, Bischoff-Ferrari H. Considerations concerning the definition of sarcopenia. Osteoporos Int. 2016.
60.
McLean RR, Kiel DP. Developing consensus criteria for sarcopenia: an update. J Bone Miner Res. 2015;30(4):588–92.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Cederholm T, Morley JE. Sarcopenia: the new definitions. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2015;18(1):1–4.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Studenski SA, Peters KW, Alley DE, Cawthon PM, McLean RR, Harris TB, et al. The FNIH sarcopenia project: rationale, study description, conference recommendations, and final estimates. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(5):547–58.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
63.
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyere O, Cederholm T, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019;48(1):16–31.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Manini TM, Clark BC. Dynapenia and aging: an update. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2012;67(1):28–40.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Vandewoude M, Bautmans I. Sarcopenia: Is It Preventable? In: Cruz-Jentoft A, Morley JE, editors. Sarcopenia: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. pag. 324.
66.
Dam T-T, Peters KW, Fragala M, Cawthon PM, Harris TB, McLean R, et al. An evidence-based comparison of operational criteria for the presence of sarcopenia. J Gerontol Ser A: Biologic Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(5):584–90.CrossRef
67.
Malmstrom TK, Miller DK, Herning MM, Morley JE. Low appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) with limited mobility and poor health outcomes in middle-aged African Americans. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2013;4(3):179–86.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
68.
Malmstrom TK, Miller DK, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Morley JE. SARC-F: a symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016;7(1):28–36.PubMedCrossRef
69.
Malmstrom TK, Morley JE. SARC-F: a simple questionnaire to rapidly diagnose sarcopenia. J Am Med Directors Assoc. 2013;14(8):531–2.CrossRef
70.
Merkies IS, Schmitz PI, Samijn JP, Meche FG, Toyka KV, Van Doorn PA. Assessing grip strength in healthy individuals and patients with immune-mediated polyneuropathies. Muscle Nerve. 2000;23(9):1393–401.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Yamada T, Ivarsson N, Hernández A, Fahlström A, Cheng AJ, Zhang S-J, et al. Impaired mitochondrial respiration and decreased fatigue resistance followed by severe muscle weakness in skeletal muscle of mitochondrial DNA mutator mice. J Physiol. 2012;590(23):6187–97.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
72.
De Dobbeleer L, Beyer I, Hansen AM, Molbo D, Mortensen EL, Lund R, et al. Grip Work Measurement with the Jamar Dynamometer: Validation of a Simple Equation for Clinical Use. J Nutr Health Aging. 2019;23(2):221–4.PubMedCrossRef
73.
De Dobbeleer L, Beckwee D, Arnold P, Baudry S, Beyer I, Demarteau J, et al. Muscle fatigability measured with Pneumatic and Hydraulic handgrip systems are not interchangeable. Exp Gerontol. 2020;136:110950.
74.
De Dobbeleer L, Theou O, Beyer I, Jones GR, Jakobi JM, Bautmans I. Martin Vigorimeter assesses muscle fatigability in older adults better than the Jamar Dynamometer. Experimental Gerontol. 2018;111:65–70.CrossRef
75.
Bautmans I, Gorus E, Njemini R, Mets T. Handgrip performance in relation to self-perceived fatigue, physical functioning and circulating IL-6 in elderly persons without inflammation. BMC Geriatr. 2007;7:5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
76.
Bautmans I, Onyema O, Van Puyvelde K, Pleck S, Mets T. Grip work estimation during sustained maximal contraction: validity and relationship with dependency and inflammation in elderly persons. J Nutr Health Aging. 2011;15(8):731–6.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Bautmans I, Njemini R, Predom H, Lemper JC, Mets T. Muscle endurance in elderly nursing home residents is related to fatigue perception, mobility, and circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and heat shock protein 70. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(3):389–96.PubMedCrossRef
78.
Gielen E, Beckwee D, Delaere A, De Breucker S, Vandewoude M, Bautmans I, et al. Nutritional interventions to improve muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older people: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Nutr Rev. 2021;79(2):121–47.PubMedCrossRef
79.
De Spiegeleer A, Beckwee D, Bautmans I, Petrovic M, Sarcopenia Guidelines Development group of the Belgian Society of G, Geriatrics. Pharmacological interventions to improve muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in older people: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Drugs Aging. 2018;35(8):719–34.
80.
Pedersen BK, Saltin B. Exercise as medicine – evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25(Suppl 3):1–72.PubMedCrossRef
81.
Pate RR PM, Blair SN, Haskell WL, Macera CA,, Bouchard C, et al. Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA. 1995(273):402–7.
82.
Peterson MD, Gordon PM. Resistance exercise for the aging adult: clinical implications and prescription guidelines. Am J Med. 2011;124(3):194–8.PubMedCrossRef
83.
Peterson MD, Rhea MR, Sen A, Gordon PM. Resistance exercise for muscular strength in older adults: a meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2010;9(3):226–37.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
84.
Peterson MD, Sen A, Gordon PM. Influence of resistance exercise on lean body mass in aging adults: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(2):249–58.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
85.
Beckwee D, Delaere A, Aelbrecht S, Baert V, Beaudart C, Bruyere O, et al. Exercise interventions for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. A systematic umbrella review. J Nutr Health Aging. 2019;23(6):494–502.
86.
Stewart VH, Saunders DH, Greig CA. Responsiveness of muscle size and strength to physical training in very elderly people: a systematic review. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014;24(1):e1-10.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Fiatarone MA, Marks EC, Ryan ND, Meredith CN, Lipsitz LA, Evans WJ. High-intensity strength training in nonagenarians. Effects on skeletal muscle. JAMA. 1990;263(22):3029–34.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Arnold P, Bautmans I. The influence of strength training on muscle activation in elderly persons: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol. 2014.
89.
Saini A, Faulkner S, Al-Shanti N, Stewart C. Powerful signals for weak muscles. Ageing Res Rev. 2009;8(4):251–67.PubMedCrossRef
90.
91.
Beavers KM, Brinkley TE, Nicklas BJ. Effect of exercise training on chronic inflammation. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2010;411(11–12):785–93.CrossRef
92.
Bautmans I, Salimans L, Njemini R, Beyer I, Lieten S, Liberman K. The effects of exercise interventions on the inflammatory profile of older adults: a systematic review of the recent literature. Exp Gerontol. 2021:111236.
93.
94.
Bautmans I, Njemini R, Vasseur S, Chabert H, Moens L, Demanet C, et al. Biochemical changes in response to intensive resistance exercise training in the elderly. Gerontology. 2005;51(4):253–65.PubMedCrossRef
95.
Bruunsgaard H, Pedersen BK. Effects of exercise on the immune system in the elderly population. Immunol Cell Biol. 2000;78(5):523–31.PubMedCrossRef
96.
Forti LN, Njemini R, Beyer I, Eelbode E, Meeusen R, Mets T, et al. Strength training reduces circulating interleukin-6 but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor in community-dwelling elderly individuals. Age (Dordr). 2014;36(5):9704.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
97.
Forti LN, Van Roie E, Njemini R, Coudyzer W, Beyer I, Delecluse C, et al. Dose-and gender-specific effects of resistance training on circulating levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in community-dwelling older adults. Exp Gerontol. 2015;70:144–9.PubMedCrossRef
98.
Pedersen BK. Exercise-induced myokines and their role in chronic diseases. Brain Behav Immun. 2011;25(5):811–6.PubMedCrossRef
99.
Bayingana K, Demarest S, Gisle L, Hesse E, Miermans P, Tafforeau J, et al. Gezondheidsenquête België 2004 Boek III Leefstijl. In: Wetenschappelijk Instituut Volksgezondheid AE, editor. 2006. pag. 1–115.
100.
Allender S, Cowburn G, Foster C. Understanding participation in sport and physical activity among children and adults: a review of qualitative studies. Health Educ Res Theory Pract. 2006;21(6):826–35.CrossRef
101.
Baert V, Gorus E, Mets T, Geerts C, Bautmans I. Motivators and barriers for physical activity in the oldest old: a systematic review. Ageing Res Rev. 2011; In Press.
102.
103.
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Landi F, Schneider SM, Zuniga C, Arai H, Boirie Y, et al. Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: a systematic review. Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS). Age Ageing. 2014.
104.
Norheim KL, Cullum CK, Andersen JL, Kjaer M, Karlsen A. Inflammation relates to resistance training-induced hypertrophy in elderly patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(6):1079–85.PubMedCrossRef
105.
Ploeger HE, Takken T, De Greef MHG, Timmons BW. The effects of acute and chronic exercise on inflammatory markers in children and adults with a chronic inflammatory disease: a systematic review. Exercise Immunol Rev. 2009;15:6–41.
106.
Thomas VS, Hageman PA. Can neuromuscular strength and function in people with dementia be rehabilitated using resistance-exercise training? Results from a preliminary intervention study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003;58(8):746–51.PubMedCrossRef
107.
Pahor M, Guralnik JM, Ambrosius WT, Blair S, Bonds DE, Church TS, et al. Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: the LIFE study randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014.
108.
Said CM, Morris ME, Woodward M, Churilov L, Bernhardt J. Enhancing physical activity in older adults receiving hospital based rehabilitation: a phase II feasibility study. BMC Geriatr. 2012;12.
109.
Fiatarone Singh MA. Exercise, nutrition and managing hip fracture in older persons. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2014;17(1):12–24.PubMed
110.
Baert V, Gorus E, Guldemont N, De Coster S, Bautmans I. Physiotherapists’ perceived motivators and barriers for organizing physical activity for older long-term care facility residents. J Am Med Directors Assoc. 2015;16(5):371–9.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Spieren en spierfunctie
Auteur
Prof. dr. I. Bautmans
Copyright
2022
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Boek
Geriatrie in de fysiotherapie en kinesitherapie

Print ISBN: 978-90-368-2782-9

Elektronisch ISBN: 978-90-368-2783-6

Copyright: 2022

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2783-6_5