Top

Gepubliceerd in:

24-04-2020 | Original Article

Specifying the mechanisms behind benefits of saving-enhanced memory

Auteurs: Yannick Runge, Christian Frings, Tobias Tempel

Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research | Uitgave 4/2021

Abstract

By saving information on external memory stores, we can offload temporarily irrelevant memories, we believe to be important in the future. The external saving of encoded items enhances subsequent memory performance for new information (Storm and Stone in Psychol Sci 26(2):182–188, 2015). Across three experiments, we replicated and specified this saving-enhanced memory effect. In Experiment 1, we replicated the benefits of saving and showed that they are robust against changes in instructions. In Experiment 2, we extended the saving-enhanced memory effect to motor material and more important, found evidence for better encoding after saving. In Experiment 3, a cost effect for saved verbal material was present, indicating that externally saving information can reduce the accessibility for this information afterwards. These findings suggest that at least two factors contribute to benefits of saving, better encoding and reduced interference at recall. Hereby, similarities of saving-enhanced memory to effects of the list-method directed forgetting phenomenon and useful implications for our daily information management are provided.

vorige artikel Task-related thought and metacognitive ability in mind wandering reports: an exploratory study

volgende artikel A gifted SNARC? Directional spatial–numerical associations in gifted children with high-level math skills do not differ from controls

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Parallel to Tempel & Frings (2016), we ran two versions of the experiment that differed in minor procedural aspects (different response keys for L2 and a short break between study of L1 and study of L2). We ran both versions in order to reconstruct the study of Tempel & Frings as closely as possible but did not expect to find any variation of effects across these versions. Fittingly, including experimental version as a factor did not change any significance of results, nor did the main effect of experimental version or the interaction of experimental version x trial condition reach significance, Fs < 1.

Beilock, S. L., & Carr, T. H. (2005). When high-powered people fail: working memory and “choking under pressure” in math. Psychological science, 16(2), 101–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00789.x.CrossRefPubMed

Bellinger, D. B., DeCaro, M. S., & Ralston, P. A. (2015). Mindfulness, anxiety, and high-stakes mathematics performance in the laboratory and classroom. Consciousness and Cognition, 37, 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2015.09.001.CrossRefPubMed

Benjamin, A. S. (2006). The effects of list-method directed forgetting on recognition memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 831–836. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03194005.CrossRef

Bjork, R. A. (1989). Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory. In H. Roediger & F. M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of memory and consciousness: Essays in honour of Endel Tulving (pp. 309–330). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.

Bjork, R. A., & Woodward, A. E. (1973). Directed forgetting of individual words in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 99(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034757.CrossRef

Eskritt, M., & Ma, S. (2014). Intentional forgetting: note-taking as a naturalistic example. Memory & cognition, 42(2), 237–246. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-013-0362-1.CrossRef

Fenech, E. P., Drews, F. A., & Bakdash, J. Z. (2010). The effects of acoustic turn-by-turn navigation on wayfinding. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting: Vol. 54, No. 23 (pp. 1926–1930). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/154193121005402305

Geiselman, R. E., Bjork, R. A., & Fishman, D. L. (1983). Disrupted retrieval in directed forgetting: A link with posthypnotic amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 112(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.112.1.58.CrossRef

Henkel, L. A. (2014). Point-and-shoot memories: The influence of taking photos on memory for a museum tour. Psychological Science, 25(2), 396–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613504438.CrossRefPubMed

Kelly, M. O., & Risko, E. F. (2019). Offloading memory: Serial position effects. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2019, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01615-8.CrossRef

Mattarella-Micke, A., Mateo, J., Kozak, M. N., Foster, K., & Beilock, S. L. (2011). Choke or thrive? The relation between salivary cortisol and math performance depends on individual differences in working memory and math-anxiety. Emotion, 11(4), 1000. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023224.CrossRefPubMed

Pastötter, B., & Bäuml, K. H. (2010). Amount of postcue encoding predicts amount of directed forgetting. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36(1), 54–65. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017406.CrossRefPubMed

Pastötter, B., Bäuml, K. H., & Hanslmayr, S. (2008). Oscillatory brain activity before and after an internal context change—evidence for a reset of encoding processes. NeuroImage, 43(1), 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.07.005.CrossRefPubMed

Pastötter, B., Kliegl, O., & Bäuml, K. H. T. (2012). List-method directed forgetting: The forget cue improves both encoding and retrieval of postcue information. Memory & Cognition, 40(6), 861–873. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-012-0206-4.CrossRef

Risko, E. F., & Gilbert, S. J. (2016). Cognitive offloading. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(9), 676–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.07.002.CrossRefPubMed

Runge, Y., Frings, C., & Tempel, T. (2019). Saving-enhanced performance: Saving items after study boosts performance in subsequent cognitively demanding tasks. Memory, 27(10), 1462–1467. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2019.1654520.CrossRefPubMed

Sahakyan, L., & Delaney, P. F. (2003). Can encoding differences explain the benefits of directed forgetting in the list method paradigm? Journal of Memory and Language, 48(1), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00524-7.CrossRef

Sahakyan, L., & Kelley, C. M. (2002). A contextual change account of the directed forgetting effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(6), 1064–1072. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.28.6.1064.CrossRefPubMed

Sahakyan, L., Delaney, P. F., Foster, N. L., & Abushanab, B. (2013). List-method directed forgetting in cognitive and clinical research: A theoretical and methodological review. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 59, 131–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407187-2.00004-6.CrossRef

Sederberg, P. B., Gauthier, L. V., Terushkin, V., Miller, J. F., Barnathan, J. A., & Kahana, M. J. (2006). Oscillatory correlates of the primacy effect in episodic memory. NeuroImage, 32(3), 1422–1431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.04.223.CrossRefPubMed

Sparrow, B., Liu, J., & Wegner, D. M. (2011). Google effects on memory: Cognitive consequences of having information at our fingertips. Science, 333(6043), 776–778. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1207745.CrossRefPubMed

Storm, B. C., & Stone, S. M. (2015). Saving-enhanced memory: the benefits of saving on the learning and remembering of new information. Psychological Science, 26(2), 182–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614559285.CrossRefPubMed

Tamir, D. I., Templeton, E. M., Ward, A. F., & Zaki, J. (2018). Media usage diminishes memory for experiences. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 76, 161–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.01.006.CrossRef

Tempel, T., & Frings, C. (2016). Directed forgetting benefits motor sequence encoding. Memory & Cognition, 44(3), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-015-0565-8.CrossRef

Tempel, T., & Frings, C. (2019). Testing enhances motor practice. Memory & Cognition, 47(7), 1270–1283. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-019-00932-6.CrossRef

Tempel, T., Niederée, C., Jilek, C., Ceroni, A., Maus, H., Runge, Y., et al. (2019). Temporarily unavailable: Memory inhibition in cognitive and computer science. Interacting with Computers. https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwz013.CrossRef

Titel: Specifying the mechanisms behind benefits of saving-enhanced memory
Auteurs: Yannick Runge
Christian Frings
Tobias Tempel
Publicatiedatum: 24-04-2020
Uitgeverij: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Gepubliceerd in: Psychological Research / Uitgave 4/2021
Print ISSN: 0340-0727
Elektronisch ISSN: 1430-2772
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01341-0

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2021

I could do it now, but I’d rather (forget to) do it later: examining links between procrastination and prospective memory failures

Bilinguals’ inhibitory control and attentional processes in a visual perceptual task

Self-bias effect: movement initiation to self-owned property is speeded for both approach and avoidance actions

Critical bottom-up attentional factors in the handle orientation effect: asymmetric luminance transients and object-center eccentricity relative to fixation

In Medio Stat Virtus: intermediate levels of mind wandering improve episodic memory encoding in a virtual environment

The role of mental imagery in pantomimes of actions towards and away from the body