Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Huisarts en wetenschap 4/2011

01-04-2011 | ONDERZOEK

Snelle inschatting van de kans op herhaald vallen bij ouderen

Auteurs: dr. G.M.E.E. Peeters, prof.dr. D.J.H. Deeg, dr. P.J.M. Elders, prof dr. P. Lips

Gepubliceerd in: Huisarts en wetenschap | Uitgave 4/2011

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Samenvatting

Peeters G, Elders P, Lips P, Deeg DJH. Snelle inschatting van de kans op herhaald vallen bij ouderen. Huisarts Wet 2011;54(4):186–91;.
ACHTERGROND Dertig procent van de vijfenzestigplussers in Nederland maakt minstens éénmaal per jaar een val, en een kwart daarvan zoekt medische hulp. Er bestaan risicoprofielen die de kans op een herhaalde val voorspellen, maar deze zijn te omslachtig voor de dagelijkse praktijk. In dit artikel presenteren wij een valbeslisboom die met drie eenvoudige vragen een indicatie geeft hoe groot de kans op een nieuwe val is bij een recent gevallen oudere.
METHODEN Bij 408 zelfstandig wonende vijfenzestigplussers die zich na een val bij de huisarts of Spoedeisende hulp meldden, hebben wij gezocht naar eenvoudig meetbare predictoren van herhaald vallen. Op basis daarvan hebben wij een beslisboom ontwikkeld die aangeeft op welke termijn een nieuwe val te verwachten is. Deze valbeslisboom hebben wij gevalideerd in een tweede steekproef van 279 ouderen.
RESULTATEN Drie predictoren, namelijk valgeschiedenis, valangst en loophulpmiddelengebruik, blijken tezamen een adequate indicatie te kunnen geven van de kans op een herhaalde val. Bij afwezigheid van de predictoren bleek de kans 9%, bij aanwezigheid van alledrie 42%. Definieert men hoog risico als meer dan 30% kans op een herhaalde val, dan wist de valbeslisboom deze val correct te voorspellen voor 80% van de personen in de ontwikkelingssteekproef en 70% in de valideringssteekproef.
CONCLUSIE De valbeslisboom is een eenvoudig instrument waarmee men in de huisartsenpraktijk of op de Spoedeisende hulp de kans op herhaling kan inschatten bij een recent gevallen oudere.
Abstract
Peeters G, Elders P, Lips P, Deeg DJH. Quick estimation of the risk of recurrent falls in the elderly. Huisarts Wet 2011;54(4):186-91.
BACKGROUND Thirty percent of people aged 65 years or older fall at least once a year, and about a quarter seek medical attention. Existing falls risk profiles are too complex for daily use. We describe a falls decision tree consisting of three simple questions that provides a quick indication of the risk of recurrent falls in older people who have recently fallen down.
METHODS We investigated simple, easy to measure predictors of repeated falls in 408 community-dwelling older people (65+ years) who had consulted a GP or gone to an accident and emergency (A&E) department after falling down. These predictors were then used to develop a falls decision tree, to indicate when a new fall can be expected. The decision tree was validated in a second sample of patients.
RESULTS Three predictors, namely, falls history, fear of falling, and use of a walking aid, in combination provided an adequate indication of the risk of a new fall. The risk of a new fall was 9% if none of the predictors was present and 42% if all three predictors were present. If high falls risk was defined as a higher than 30% risk of new falls, then 80% of the participants in the development sample and 70% of the participants in the validation sample were correctly classified as having a high falls risk.
CONCLUSION The falls decision tree is a simple tool for use in GP surgeries or in A&E departments to assess the risk of a new fall in older individuals who have recently fallen down.
Literatuur
1.
go back to reference Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Global and regional descriptive epidemiology of disability: incidence, prevalence, health expectancies and years lived with disability. In: Murray CJ, Lopez AD, editors. The global burden of disease. Boston: Harvard School of Public Health, 1996. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Global and regional descriptive epidemiology of disability: incidence, prevalence, health expectancies and years lived with disability. In: Murray CJ, Lopez AD, editors. The global burden of disease. Boston: Harvard School of Public Health, 1996.
2.
go back to reference Tinetti ME, Speechley M, Ginter SF. Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med 1988;319:1701–7;.PubMedCrossRef Tinetti ME, Speechley M, Ginter SF. Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med 1988;319:1701–7;.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Tromp AM, Smit JH, Deeg DJ, Bouter LM, Lips P. Predictors for falls and fractures in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. J Bone Miner Res 1998;13:1932–9;.PubMedCrossRef Tromp AM, Smit JH, Deeg DJ, Bouter LM, Lips P. Predictors for falls and fractures in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. J Bone Miner Res 1998;13:1932–9;.PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Nachreiner NM, Findorff MJ, Wyman JF, McCarthy TC. Circumstances and consequences of falls in community-dwelling older women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2007;16:1437–46;.CrossRef Nachreiner NM, Findorff MJ, Wyman JF, McCarthy TC. Circumstances and consequences of falls in community-dwelling older women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2007;16:1437–46;.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Stel VS, Smit JH, Pluijm SM, Lips P. Consequences of falling in older men and women and risk factors for health service use and functional decline. Age Ageing 2004;33:58–65;.PubMedCrossRef Stel VS, Smit JH, Pluijm SM, Lips P. Consequences of falling in older men and women and risk factors for health service use and functional decline. Age Ageing 2004;33:58–65;.PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Zijlstra GA, Van Haastregt JC, Van Eijk JT, Van Rossum E, Stalenhoef PA, Kempen GI. Prevalence and correlates of fear of falling, and associated avoidance of activity in the general population of community-living older people. Age Ageing 2007;36:304–9;.PubMedCrossRef Zijlstra GA, Van Haastregt JC, Van Eijk JT, Van Rossum E, Stalenhoef PA, Kempen GI. Prevalence and correlates of fear of falling, and associated avoidance of activity in the general population of community-living older people. Age Ageing 2007;36:304–9;.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Wijlhuizen GJ, De Jong R, Hopman-Rock M. Older persons afraid of falling reduce physical activity to prevent outdoor falls. Prev Med 2007;44:260–4;.PubMedCrossRef Wijlhuizen GJ, De Jong R, Hopman-Rock M. Older persons afraid of falling reduce physical activity to prevent outdoor falls. Prev Med 2007;44:260–4;.PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Lord SR, Ward JA, Williams P, Anstey KJ. Physiological factors associated with falls in older community-dwelling women. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994;42:1110–7;.PubMed Lord SR, Ward JA, Williams P, Anstey KJ. Physiological factors associated with falls in older community-dwelling women. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994;42:1110–7;.PubMed
10.
go back to reference Lord SR, Menz HB, Tiedemann A. A physiological profile approach to falls risk assessment and prevention. Phys Ther 2003;83:237–52;.PubMed Lord SR, Menz HB, Tiedemann A. A physiological profile approach to falls risk assessment and prevention. Phys Ther 2003;83:237–52;.PubMed
11.
go back to reference Nandy S, Parsons S, Cryer C, Underwood M, Rashbrook E, Carter Y, et al. Development and preliminary examination of the predictive validity of the Falls Risk Assessment Tool (FRAT) for use in primary care. J Public Health (Oxf) 2004;26:138–43;.CrossRef Nandy S, Parsons S, Cryer C, Underwood M, Rashbrook E, Carter Y, et al. Development and preliminary examination of the predictive validity of the Falls Risk Assessment Tool (FRAT) for use in primary care. J Public Health (Oxf) 2004;26:138–43;.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Pluijm SM, Smit JH, Tromp EA, Stel VS, Deeg DJ, Bouter LM, et al. A risk profile for identifying community-dwelling elderly with a high risk of recurrent falling: results of a 3-year prospective study. Osteoporos Int 2006;17:417–25;.PubMedCrossRef Pluijm SM, Smit JH, Tromp EA, Stel VS, Deeg DJ, Bouter LM, et al. A risk profile for identifying community-dwelling elderly with a high risk of recurrent falling: results of a 3-year prospective study. Osteoporos Int 2006;17:417–25;.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Stalenhoef PA, Diederiks JP, Knottnerus JA, Kester AD, Crebolder HF. A risk model for the prediction of recurrent falls in community-dwelling elderly: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Epidemiol 2002;55:1088–94;.PubMedCrossRef Stalenhoef PA, Diederiks JP, Knottnerus JA, Kester AD, Crebolder HF. A risk model for the prediction of recurrent falls in community-dwelling elderly: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Epidemiol 2002;55:1088–94;.PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Justice AC, Covinsky KE, Berlin JA. Assessing the generalizability of prognostic information. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:515–24;.PubMed Justice AC, Covinsky KE, Berlin JA. Assessing the generalizability of prognostic information. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:515–24;.PubMed
15.
go back to reference Peeters GM, De Vries OJ, Elders PJ, Pluijm SM, Bouter LM, Lips P. Prevention of fall incidents in patients with a high risk of falling: design of a randomised controlled trial with an economic evaluation of the effect of multidisciplinary transmural care. BMC Geriatr 2007;7:15.PubMedCrossRef Peeters GM, De Vries OJ, Elders PJ, Pluijm SM, Bouter LM, Lips P. Prevention of fall incidents in patients with a high risk of falling: design of a randomised controlled trial with an economic evaluation of the effect of multidisciplinary transmural care. BMC Geriatr 2007;7:15.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Deeg DJ, Van Tilburg T, Smit JH, De Leeuw ED. Attrition in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam: The effect of differential inclusion in side studies. J Clin Epidemiol 2002;55:319–28;.PubMedCrossRef Deeg DJ, Van Tilburg T, Smit JH, De Leeuw ED. Attrition in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam: The effect of differential inclusion in side studies. J Clin Epidemiol 2002;55:319–28;.PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Kwaliteitsinstituut voor de Gezondheidszorg CBO. Richtlijn Preventie van valincidenten bij ouderen. Alphen a/d Rijn: Van Zuiden Communications, 2004. Kwaliteitsinstituut voor de Gezondheidszorg CBO. Richtlijn Preventie van valincidenten bij ouderen. Alphen a/d Rijn: Van Zuiden Communications, 2004.
18.
go back to reference Stel VS, Pluijm SM, Deeg DJ, Smit JH, Bouter LM, Lips P. A classification tree for predicting recurrent falling in community-dwelling older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:1356–64;.PubMedCrossRef Stel VS, Pluijm SM, Deeg DJ, Smit JH, Bouter LM, Lips P. A classification tree for predicting recurrent falling in community-dwelling older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51:1356–64;.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Kempen GI, Zijlstra GA, Van Haastregt JC. Het meten van angst om te vallen met de Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I): Achtergrond en psychometrische kenmerken. Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr 2007;38:204–12;.PubMed Kempen GI, Zijlstra GA, Van Haastregt JC. Het meten van angst om te vallen met de Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I): Achtergrond en psychometrische kenmerken. Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr 2007;38:204–12;.PubMed
20.
go back to reference Gordon L, Olshen RA. Tree-structured survival analysis. Cancer Treat Rep 1985;69:1065–9;.PubMed Gordon L, Olshen RA. Tree-structured survival analysis. Cancer Treat Rep 1985;69:1065–9;.PubMed
21.
go back to reference Segal MR. Features of tree-structured survival analysis. Epidemiology 1997;8:344–6;.PubMed Segal MR. Features of tree-structured survival analysis. Epidemiology 1997;8:344–6;.PubMed
22.
go back to reference Van Schoor NM. Prevention of hip fractures by external hip protectors. Amsterdam: VUmc/EMGO Instituut, 2003. Van Schoor NM. Prevention of hip fractures by external hip protectors. Amsterdam: VUmc/EMGO Instituut, 2003.
23.
go back to reference Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, Gillespie WJ, Lamb SE, Gates S, Cumming RG, et al. Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; Issue 4. Art. No.: CD007146. Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, Gillespie WJ, Lamb SE, Gates S, Cumming RG, et al. Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; Issue 4. Art. No.: CD007146.
24.
go back to reference Hendriks MR, Bleijlevens MH, Van Haastregt JC, Crebolder HF, Diederiks JP, Evers SM, et al. Lack of effectiveness of a multidisciplinary fall-prevention program in elderly people at risk: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56:1390–7;.PubMedCrossRef Hendriks MR, Bleijlevens MH, Van Haastregt JC, Crebolder HF, Diederiks JP, Evers SM, et al. Lack of effectiveness of a multidisciplinary fall-prevention program in elderly people at risk: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56:1390–7;.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Peeters GM. Prevention of falling in older persons with a high risk of recurrent falling [proefschrift]. Amsterdam: VUmc/EMGO Instituut, 2009. Peeters GM. Prevention of falling in older persons with a high risk of recurrent falling [proefschrift]. Amsterdam: VUmc/EMGO Instituut, 2009.
26.
go back to reference Van Haastregt JC, Diederiks JP, Van Rossum E, De Witte LP, Voorhoeve PM, Crebolder HF. Effects of a programme of multifactorial home visits on falls and mobility impairments in elderly people at risk: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2000;321:994–8;.PubMedCrossRef Van Haastregt JC, Diederiks JP, Van Rossum E, De Witte LP, Voorhoeve PM, Crebolder HF. Effects of a programme of multifactorial home visits on falls and mobility impairments in elderly people at risk: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2000;321:994–8;.PubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Zijlstra GA, Van Haastregt JC, Van Rossum E, Van Eijk JT, Yardley L, Kempen GI. Interventions to reduce fear of falling in community-living older people: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007;55:603–15;.PubMedCrossRef Zijlstra GA, Van Haastregt JC, Van Rossum E, Van Eijk JT, Yardley L, Kempen GI. Interventions to reduce fear of falling in community-living older people: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007;55:603–15;.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Sherrington C, Whitney JC, Lord SR, Herbert RD, Cumming RG, Close JC. Effective exercise for the prevention of falls: a systematic review and meta- analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56:2234–43;.PubMedCrossRef Sherrington C, Whitney JC, Lord SR, Herbert RD, Cumming RG, Close JC. Effective exercise for the prevention of falls: a systematic review and meta- analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008;56:2234–43;.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Snelle inschatting van de kans op herhaald vallen bij ouderen
Auteurs
dr. G.M.E.E. Peeters
prof.dr. D.J.H. Deeg
dr. P.J.M. Elders
prof dr. P. Lips
Publicatiedatum
01-04-2011
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
Huisarts en wetenschap / Uitgave 4/2011
Print ISSN: 0018-7070
Elektronisch ISSN: 1876-5912
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12445-011-0090-3

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2011

Huisarts en wetenschap 4/2011 Naar de uitgave

SPREEKUUR!

Moedervlek