Top

Gepubliceerd in:

11-03-2021 | Empirical Research

Shyness and Psychological Maladjustment in Chinese Adolescents: Selection and Influence Processes in Friendship Networks

Auteurs: Panpan Yang, Gangmin Xu, Siman Zhao, Dan Li, Junsheng Liu, Xinyin Chen

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 10/2021

Abstract

Few studies have been conducted to examine the role shyness plays in friendship selection and influences processes, particularly how befriending shy peers affects individual’s psychological adjustment. To address these gaps, this study investigated the selection, de-selection, same behavior influence effects of shyness in the friendship network in Chinese adolescents using the longitudinal social network analysis. It also explored the possible pathways that transmit indirect influences of friends’ shyness to individual’s psychological maladjustments (i.e., loneliness and depressive symptoms). A sample of adolescents (N = 1254, 48.4% girls, M_age = 13.20 years at Time 1) were followed for three years in middle schools. The results showed that adolescents tended to befriend those who had similar shyness level during T1–T2 interval, but the friendships between shy friends were more likely to terminate during T2–T3 interval. Moreover, adolescents were found to become more similar with their friends in shyness over time. The study also found that friends’ shyness at T1 would influence individual’s loneliness at T3 via 1) increasing friends’ loneliness at T2 or 2) increasing individual’s shyness level at T2. Those two pathways, however, were not found for depressive symptoms. These findings indicate that shyness plays an important role in the friendship formation and dissolution and befriending shy peers may have implications for adolescents’ development of shyness and loneliness.

vorige artikel How Do Chinese Youth in Hong Kong Evaluate Maternal Guilt and Shame Induction? Age, Form, and Domain Differences

Arbeau, K. A., Coplan, R. J., & Matheson, A. (2012). Someone to lean on: assessment and implications of social surrogate use in childhood. Social Development, 21(2), 254–272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00612.x.CrossRef

Asendorpf, J. B., & Van Aken, M. A. G. (1999). Resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled personality prototypes in childhood: replicability, predictive power, and the trait-type issue. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(4), 815–832. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.4.815.CrossRefPubMed

Asher, S. R., & Wheeler, V. A. (1985). Children’s loneliness: a comparison of rejected and neglected peer status. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53(4), 500–505. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.53.4.500.CrossRefPubMed

Bowker, J. C., Markovic, A., Cogswell, A., & Raja, R. (2012). Moderating effects of aggression on the associations between social withdrawal subtypes and peer difficulties during early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(8), 995–1007. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-011-9712-0.CrossRefPubMed

Brechwald, W. A. & Prinstein, M. J. (2011). Beyond homophily: a decade of advances in understanding peer influence processes. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 2(1), 166–179. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00721.x.CrossRef

Brown, B. B., & Klute, C. (2003). Friends, cliques, and crowds. In G. R., Adams & M. D. Berzonsky (Eds), Blackwell Handbook of Adolescence (pp. 330–348). Blackwell.

Bruch, M. A., Gorsky, J. M., Collins, T. M., & Berger, P. A. (1989). Shyness and sociability reexamined: a multicomponent analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(5), 904–915. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.904.CrossRef

Bukowski, W. M., Bagwell, C., Castellanos, M., & Persram, R. J. (2020). Friendship in adolescence. In S. Hupp & J. Jewell (Eds). The encyclopedia of child and adolescent development (pp. 1–11). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Chen, X., Cen, G., Li, D., & He, Y. (2005). Social functioning and adjustment in Chinese children: the imprint of historical time. Child Development, 76(1), 182–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00838.x.

Chen, X., Fu, R., Li, D., & Liu, J. (2019). Developmental trajectories of shyness-sensitivity from middle childhood to early adolescence in China: contributions of peer preference and mutual friendship. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(7, SI), 1197–1209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-018-00507-0.CrossRefPubMed

Chen, X., He, Y., De Oliveira, A. M., Lo Coco, A., Zappulla, C., Kaspar, V., Schneider, B., Valdivia, I. A., Tse, H. C. H., & DeSouza, A. (2004). Loneliness and social adaptation in Brazilian, Canadian, Chinese and Italian children: a multi-national comparative study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 45(8), 1373–1384. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00329.x.CrossRef

Chen, X., Rubin, K. H., & Sun, Y. (1992). Social reputation and peer relationships in chinese and canadian children: a cross-cultural study. Child Development, 63(6), 1336–1343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01698.x.CrossRef

Coplan, R. J., Liu, J., Cao, J., Chen, X., & Li, D. (2017). Shyness and school adjustment in Chinese children: the roles of teachers and peers. School Psychology Quarterly, 32(1), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000179.CrossRefPubMed

Erdley, C. A., & Day, H. J. (2017). Friendship in childhood and adolescence. In Hojjat. M, & Moyer. A (Eds.), The psychology of friendship (pp. 3–19). Oxford University Press

Etkin, R. G., & Bowker, J. C. (2018). Overprotection in adolescent friendships. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 64(3), 347–375. https://doi.org/10.13110/merrpalmquar1982.64.3.0347.CrossRef

George, T. P., & Hartmann, D. P. (1996). Friendship networks of unpopular, average, and popular children. Child Development, 67(5), 2301–2316. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131624.

Gest, S. D., Osgood, D. W., Feinberg, M. E., Bierman, K. L., & Moody, J. (2011). Strengthening prevention program theories and evaluations: contributions from social network analysis. Prevention Science, 12(4), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-011-0229-2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gremmen, M. C., Berger, C., Ryan, A. M., Steglich, C. E. G., Veenstra, R., & Dijkstra, J. K. (2019). Adolescents’ friendships, academic achievement, and risk behaviors: same-behavior and cross-behavior selection and influence processes. Child Development, 90(2), e192–e211. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13045.CrossRefPubMed

Gremmen, M. C., Dijkstra, J. K., Steglich, C., & Veenstra, R. (2017). First selection, then influence: developmental differences in friendship dynamics regarding academic achievement. Developmental Psychology, 53(7), 1356–1370. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000314.CrossRefPubMed

Hallinan, M. T. (1981). Recent advances in sociometry. In S. R. Asher & J. M. Gottman (Eds.), The development of children’s friendships (pp. 91–115). Cambridge University Press.

Haselager, G. J. T., Hartup, W. W., Van Lieshout, C. F. M., & Riksen-Walraven, J. M. A. (1998). Similarities between friends and nonfriends in middle childhood. Child Development, 69(4), 1198–1208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06167.x.CrossRef

Huisman, M., & Snijders, T. A. B. (2003). Statistical analysis of longitudinal network data with changing composition. Sociological Methods and Research, 32(2), 253–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124103256096.CrossRef

Kovacs, M. (1992). Manual for Children’s Depression Inventory. New York, NY: Multi-Health Systems. Inc.

Laursen, B. (2017). Making and keeping friends: the importance of being similar. Child Development Perspectives, 11(4), 282–289. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12246.CrossRef

Liu, J., Bowker, J. C., Coplan, R. J., Yang, P., Li, D., & Chen, X. (2019). Evaluating links among shyness, peer relations, and internalizing problems in chinese young adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 29(3), 696–709. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12406.CrossRefPubMed

Liu, M., & Chen, X. (2003). Friendship networks and social, school and psychological adjustment in Chinese junior high school students. Psychology in the Schools, 40(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.10066.CrossRef

Liu, J., Chen, X., Coplan, R. J., Ding, X., Zarbatany, L., & Ellis, W. (2015). Shyness and unsociability and their relations with adjustment in chinese and canadian children. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(3), 371–386. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022114567537.CrossRef

Markovic, A., & Bowker, J. C. (2017). Friends also matter: examining friendship adjustment indices as moderators of anxious-withdrawal and trajectories of change in psychological maladjustment. Developmental Psychology, 53(8), 1462–1473. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000343.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Masten, A. S., Morison, P., & Pellegrini, D. S. (1985). A revised class play method of peer assessment. Developmental Psychology, 21(3), 523–533. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.21.3.523.CrossRef

McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L., & Cook, J. M. (2001). Birds of a feather: homophily in social networks. Annual Review of Sociology, 27(1), 415–444. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415.CrossRef

Mercer, S. H., & DeRosier, M. E. (2010). Selection and socialization of internalizing problems in middle childhood. Journal of Social And Clinical Psychology, 29(9), 1031–1056. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2010.29.9.1031.CrossRef

Oh, W., Rubin, K. H., Bowker, J. C., Booth-LaForce, C., Rose-Krasnor, L., & Laursen, B. (2008). Trajectories of social withdrawal from middle childhood to early adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36(4), 553–566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-007-9199-z.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Prinstein, M. J. (2007). Moderators of peer contagion: a longitudinal examination of depression socialization between adolescents and their best friends. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 36(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410701274934.CrossRefPubMed

Ray, G. E., Washington, R., Cohen, R., Hsueh, Y., & Zhou, Z. (2018). The relation of reciprocated and nonreciprocated friendship nominations to peer social competence for Chinese elementary school children. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 179(6), 385–398. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2018.1532954.CrossRefPubMed

Ripley, R. M., Snijders, T. A. B., Boda, Z., Vörös, A., & Preciado, P. (2020). Manual for SIENA version 4.0. University of Oxford, Department of Statistics; Nuffield College. Retrieved from https://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~snijders/siena/RSiena_Manual.pdf.

Rose, A. J. (2002). Co-rumination in the friendships of girls and boys. Child Development, 73(6), 1830–1843. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00509.CrossRefPubMed

Rubin, K. H., Wojslawowicz, J. C., Rose-Krasnor, L., Booth-LaForce, C., & Burgess, K. B. (2006). The best friendships of shy/withdrawn children: prevalence, stability, and relationship quality. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34(2), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-005-9017-4.

Rubin, K. H., Coplan, R. J., & Bowker, J. C. (2009). Social withdrawal in childhood. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 141–171. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163642.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Schneider, B. H. (1999). A multimethod exploration of the friendships of children considered socially withdrawn by their school peers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 27(2), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021959430698.CrossRef

Schwartz-Mette, R. A., & Smith, R. L. (2018). When does co-rumination facilitate depression contagion in adolescent friendships? Investigating intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47(6), 912–924. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2016.1197837.CrossRef

Schwartz-Mette, R. A., Shankman, J., Dueweke, A. R., Borowski, S., & Rose, A. J. (2020). Relations of friendship experiences with depressive symptoms and loneliness in childhood and adolescence: a meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(8), 664–700. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000239.CrossRefPubMed

Snijders, T. A. B., van de Bunt, G. G., & Steglich, C. E. G. (2010). Introduction to stochastic actor-based models for network dynamics. Social Networks, 32(1), 44–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2009.02.004.CrossRef

Starr, L. R., & Davila, J. (2009). Clarifying co-rumination: associations with internalizing symptoms and romantic involvement among adolescent girls. Journal of Adolescence, 32(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.12.005.CrossRefPubMed

Steglich, C., Snijders, T. A. B., & Pearson, M. (2010). Dynamic networks and behavior: separating selection from influence. Sociological Methodology, 40(1), 329–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9531.2010.01225.x.

Terry, R., & Coie, J. D. (1991). A comparison of methods for defining sociometric status among children. Developmental Psychology, 27(5), 867–880. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.27.5.867.CrossRef

Tsui, T. Y., Lahat, A., & Schmidt, L. A. (2017). Linking temperamental shyness and social anxiety in childhood and adolescence: moderating influences of sex and age. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 48(5), 778–785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-016-0702-z.CrossRef

Van Zalk, M. H. W., Kerr, M., Branje, S. J. T., Stattin, H., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2010). It takes three: selection, influence, and de-selection processes of depression in adolescent friendship networks. Developmental Psychology, 46(4), 927–938. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019661.

Van Zalk, N., Van Zalk, M., Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2011). Social anxiety as a basis for friendship selection and socialization in adolescents’ social networks. Journal of Personality, 79(3), 499–526. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00682.x.CrossRefPubMed

Veenstra, R., Dijkstra, J. K., Steglich, C., & Van Zalk, M. H. W. (2013). Network-behavior dynamics. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23(3), 399–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12070.CrossRef

Yang, F., Chen, X., & Wang, L. (2014). Relations between aggression and adjustment in Chinese children: moderating effects of academic achievement. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 43(4), 656–669. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2013.782816.

Zhang, L., & Eggum‐Wilkens, N. D. (2018). Unsociability in Chinese adolescents: cross-informant agreement and relations with social and school adjustment. Social Development, 27(3), 555–570. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12284.

Zhang, M., Liu, H., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Adolescent social networks and physical, verbal, and indirect aggression in China: the moderating role of gender. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00658

Zhao, S., Chen, X., Ellis, W., & Zarbatany, L. (2016). Affiliation with socially withdrawn groups and children’s social and psychological adjustment. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(7), 1279–1290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0120-x.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Shyness and Psychological Maladjustment in Chinese Adolescents: Selection and Influence Processes in Friendship Networks
Auteurs: Panpan Yang
Gangmin Xu
Siman Zhao
Dan Li
Junsheng Liu
Xinyin Chen
Publicatiedatum: 11-03-2021
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 10/2021
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01415-1

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 10/2021

Longitudinal Intra-Individual and Inter-Individual Relations Between Cognitive and Emotional Self-Regulation Across Adolescence

Bullying Perpetration, Moral Disengagement and Need for Popularity: Examining Reciprocal Associations in Adolescence

How Do Chinese Youth in Hong Kong Evaluate Maternal Guilt and Shame Induction? Age, Form, and Domain Differences

Adolescents’ Judgment of Homophobic Name-Calling: The Role of Peer/Friend Context and Emotional Response

Changes in Patterns of Social Role Combinations at Ages 25–26 among Those Growing Up in England between 1996 and 2015–16: Evidence from the 1970 British Cohort and Next Steps Studies

Bullying and Victimization Trajectories in the First Years of Secondary Education: Implications for Status and Affection