Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology 7/2011

01-10-2011

Severity of Children’s ADHD Symptoms and Parenting Stress: A Multiple Mediation Model of Self-Regulation

Auteurs: Paulo A. Graziano, Joseph P. McNamara, Gary R. Geffken, Adam Reid

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 7/2011

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

The goal of the current study was to determine the extent to which the perceived self-regulation deficits across behavioral, cognitive, and emotional domains seen in children with ADHD explain the association between the severity of ADHD symptoms and parenting stress. Participants for this study included 80 children (mean age = 10 years, 9 months) with a DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD confirmed by a comprehensive clinical diagnostic assessment. Parents reported their own stress levels as well as the severity of their children’s ADHD symptoms, aggression, emotional lability, and executive functioning difficulties. Results indicated that the severity of children’s hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms but not their inattention related to parenting stress. Multiple mediational analyses indicated that the association between hyperactivity/impulsivity and parenting stress was explained by children’s perceived comorbid aggression levels, emotional lability, and executive functioning difficulties. No significant differences in the strength of the mediators were found. The current study provides initial data showing that the perceived impairments in children’s self-regulation across emotional, cognitive, and behavioral domains are what parents report as stressful, not simply the severity of ADHD symptoms. Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study and shared variance from relying solely on parent report, it will be critical for future research to replicate our findings using longitudinal and multi-informant data such as teacher reports and standardized assessments.
Literatuur
go back to reference Abidin, R. (1990). Parenting stress index test manual. Charlottesville: Pediatric Psychology. Abidin, R. (1990). Parenting stress index test manual. Charlottesville: Pediatric Psychology.
go back to reference Abidin, R. (1995). Manual for the parenting stress index. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources. Abidin, R. (1995). Manual for the parenting stress index. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources.
go back to reference Abidin, R. R., & Brunner, J. F. (1995). Development of a parenting alliance inventory. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 24, 31–40.CrossRef Abidin, R. R., & Brunner, J. F. (1995). Development of a parenting alliance inventory. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 24, 31–40.CrossRef
go back to reference Adamakos, H., Ryan, K., Ullman, D., Pascoe, J., Diaz, R., & Chessare, J. (1986). Maternal social support as a predictor of mother-child stress and stimulation. Child Abuse & Neglect, 10, 463–470. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(86)90050-5.CrossRef Adamakos, H., Ryan, K., Ullman, D., Pascoe, J., Diaz, R., & Chessare, J. (1986). Maternal social support as a predictor of mother-child stress and stimulation. Child Abuse & Neglect, 10, 463–470. doi:10.​1016/​0145-2134(86)90050-5.CrossRef
go back to reference Anastopoulos, A., Guevremont, D., Shelton, T., & DuPaul, G. (1992). Parenting stress among families of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20, 503–510. doi:10.1007/BF00916812.PubMedCrossRef Anastopoulos, A., Guevremont, D., Shelton, T., & DuPaul, G. (1992). Parenting stress among families of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20, 503–510. doi:10.​1007/​BF00916812.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Anastopoulos, A., Smith, T., Garrett, M., Morrissey-Kane, E., Schatz, N., Sommer, J., et al. (2010). Self-regulation of emotion, functional impairment, and comorbidity among children with AD/HD. Journal of Attention Disorders. doi:10.1177/1087054710370567. Anastopoulos, A., Smith, T., Garrett, M., Morrissey-Kane, E., Schatz, N., Sommer, J., et al. (2010). Self-regulation of emotion, functional impairment, and comorbidity among children with AD/HD. Journal of Attention Disorders. doi:10.​1177/​1087054710370567​.
go back to reference Barkley, R. A. (2003). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In E. Mash & R. Barkley (Eds.), Child psychopathology (pp. 75–103). New York: Guilford. Barkley, R. A. (2003). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In E. Mash & R. Barkley (Eds.), Child psychopathology (pp. 75–103). New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Barkley, R. A. (2006). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford. Barkley, R. A. (2006). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Barkley, R. A., Anastopoulos, A. D., Guevremont, D. G., & Fletcher, K. F. (1992). Adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Mother–adolescent interactions, family beliefs and conflicts, and maternal psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20, 263–288. doi:10.1007/BF00916692.PubMedCrossRef Barkley, R. A., Anastopoulos, A. D., Guevremont, D. G., & Fletcher, K. F. (1992). Adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Mother–adolescent interactions, family beliefs and conflicts, and maternal psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20, 263–288. doi:10.​1007/​BF00916692.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Barkley, R. A., & Murphy, K. R. (2010). Impairment in occupational functioning and adult ADHD: The predictive utility of executive function (EF) ratings versus EF tests. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 25(3), 157–173. doi:10.1093/arclin/acq014.PubMedCrossRef Barkley, R. A., & Murphy, K. R. (2010). Impairment in occupational functioning and adult ADHD: The predictive utility of executive function (EF) ratings versus EF tests. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 25(3), 157–173. doi:10.​1093/​arclin/​acq014.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Baron, R., & Kenny, D. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.PubMedCrossRef Baron, R., & Kenny, D. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Breen, M., & Barkley, R. (1988). Child psychopathology and parenting stress in girls and boys having attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 13, 265–280.PubMedCrossRef Breen, M., & Barkley, R. (1988). Child psychopathology and parenting stress in girls and boys having attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 13, 265–280.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brocki, K., & Bohlin, G. (2004). Executive functions in children aged 6 to 13: A dimensional and developmental study. Developmental Neuropsychology, 26, 571–593.PubMedCrossRef Brocki, K., & Bohlin, G. (2004). Executive functions in children aged 6 to 13: A dimensional and developmental study. Developmental Neuropsychology, 26, 571–593.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brocki, K., Eninger, L., Thorell, L., & Bohlin, G. (2010). Interrelations between executive function and symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention in preschoolers: A 2 year longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 163–171. doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9354-9.PubMedCrossRef Brocki, K., Eninger, L., Thorell, L., & Bohlin, G. (2010). Interrelations between executive function and symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention in preschoolers: A 2 year longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 163–171. doi:10.​1007/​s10802-009-9354-9.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chang, Y., Fine, M., Ispa, J., Thornburg, K., Sharp, E., & Wolfenstein, M. (2004). Understanding parenting stress among young, low-income, African-American, first-time mothers. Early Education and Development, 15, 265–282. doi:10.1207/s15566935eed1503_2.CrossRef Chang, Y., Fine, M., Ispa, J., Thornburg, K., Sharp, E., & Wolfenstein, M. (2004). Understanding parenting stress among young, low-income, African-American, first-time mothers. Early Education and Development, 15, 265–282. doi:10.​1207/​s15566935eed1503​_​2.CrossRef
go back to reference Conners, C. K. (2008). The Conners 3rd Edition (Conners 3). North Tonawanda: Multi-Health System. Conners, C. K. (2008). The Conners 3rd Edition (Conners 3). North Tonawanda: Multi-Health System.
go back to reference Crnic, K., & Low, C. (2002). Everyday stresses and parenting. In M. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 5: Practical issues in parenting (2nd ed., pp. 243–367). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Crnic, K., & Low, C. (2002). Everyday stresses and parenting. In M. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 5: Practical issues in parenting (2nd ed., pp. 243–367). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
go back to reference Cummings, E., Davies, P., & Campbell, S. (2000). Developmental psychopathology and family process: Theory, research and clinical implications. New York: Guilford. Cummings, E., Davies, P., & Campbell, S. (2000). Developmental psychopathology and family process: Theory, research and clinical implications. New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Danforth, J., Barkley, R., & Stokes, T. (1991). Observations of interactions between parents and their hyperactive children: An analysis of reciprocal influence. Clinical Psychology Review, 11, 703–727.CrossRef Danforth, J., Barkley, R., & Stokes, T. (1991). Observations of interactions between parents and their hyperactive children: An analysis of reciprocal influence. Clinical Psychology Review, 11, 703–727.CrossRef
go back to reference Deater-Deckard, K., & Scarr, S. (1996). Parenting stress among dual-earner mothers and fathers: Are there gender differences? Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 45–59.CrossRef Deater-Deckard, K., & Scarr, S. (1996). Parenting stress among dual-earner mothers and fathers: Are there gender differences? Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 45–59.CrossRef
go back to reference Deault, L. C. (2010). A systematic review of parenting in relation to the development of comorbidities and functional impairment in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 41, 168–192. doi:10.1007/s10578-009-0159-4.PubMedCrossRef Deault, L. C. (2010). A systematic review of parenting in relation to the development of comorbidities and functional impairment in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 41, 168–192. doi:10.​1007/​s10578-009-0159-4.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Diamond, A. (2006). The early development of executive functions. In E. Bialystock & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), The early development of executive functions. Lifespan cognition: Mechanisms of change (pp. 70–95). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Diamond, A. (2006). The early development of executive functions. In E. Bialystock & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), The early development of executive functions. Lifespan cognition: Mechanisms of change (pp. 70–95). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference DuPaul, G., McGoey, K., Eckert, T., & VanBrakle, J. (2001). Preschool children with attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Impairments in behavioral, social, and school functioning. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 508–515. doi:10.1097/00004583-200105000-00009.PubMedCrossRef DuPaul, G., McGoey, K., Eckert, T., & VanBrakle, J. (2001). Preschool children with attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Impairments in behavioral, social, and school functioning. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 508–515. doi:10.​1097/​00004583-200105000-00009.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Eyberg, S. M., Nelson, M. M., & Boggs, S. R. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with disruptive behavior. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37, 1–23. doi:10.1080/15374410701820117.CrossRef Eyberg, S. M., Nelson, M. M., & Boggs, S. R. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with disruptive behavior. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37, 1–23. doi:10.​1080/​1537441070182011​7.CrossRef
go back to reference Hoza, B., Mrug, S., Gerdes, A., Bukowski, W., Kraemer, H., Wigal, T., et al. (2005). What aspects of peer relationships are impaired in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 411–423. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.411.PubMedCrossRef Hoza, B., Mrug, S., Gerdes, A., Bukowski, W., Kraemer, H., Wigal, T., et al. (2005). What aspects of peer relationships are impaired in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 411–423. doi:10.​1037/​0022-006X.​73.​3.​411.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Johnson, C., & Mash, E. (2001). Families of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Review and recommendations for future research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 4, 183–207. doi:10.1023/A:1017592030434.CrossRef Johnson, C., & Mash, E. (2001). Families of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Review and recommendations for future research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 4, 183–207. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1017592030434.CrossRef
go back to reference Johnson, J., & Reader, S. (2002). Assessing stress in families of children with ADHD: Preliminary development of the Disruptive Behavior Stress Inventory (DBSI). Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 9, 51–62. doi:10.1023/A:1014136029697.CrossRef Johnson, J., & Reader, S. (2002). Assessing stress in families of children with ADHD: Preliminary development of the Disruptive Behavior Stress Inventory (DBSI). Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 9, 51–62. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1014136029697.CrossRef
go back to reference Joyner, K. B., Silver, C. H., & Stavinoha, P. L. (2009). Relationships between parenting stress and ratings of executive functioning in children with ADHD. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 27(6), 452–464. doi:10.1177/0734282909333945.CrossRef Joyner, K. B., Silver, C. H., & Stavinoha, P. L. (2009). Relationships between parenting stress and ratings of executive functioning in children with ADHD. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 27(6), 452–464. doi:10.​1177/​0734282909333945​.CrossRef
go back to reference Kaplan, S., Heiligenstein, J., West, S., Busner, J., Harder, D., Dittmann, R., et al. (2004). Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine in childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder. Journal of Attention Disorders, 8(2), 45–52. doi:10.1177/108705470400800202.PubMedCrossRef Kaplan, S., Heiligenstein, J., West, S., Busner, J., Harder, D., Dittmann, R., et al. (2004). Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine in childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid oppositional defiant disorder. Journal of Attention Disorders, 8(2), 45–52. doi:10.​1177/​1087054704008002​02.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kimonis, E., Frick, P., Boris, N., Smyke, A., Cornell, A., & Farrell, J. (2006). Callous-unemotional features, behavioral inhibition, and parenting: Independent predictors of aggression in a high-risk preschool sample. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 15(6), 741–752. doi:10.1007/s10826-006-9047-8.CrossRef Kimonis, E., Frick, P., Boris, N., Smyke, A., Cornell, A., & Farrell, J. (2006). Callous-unemotional features, behavioral inhibition, and parenting: Independent predictors of aggression in a high-risk preschool sample. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 15(6), 741–752. doi:10.​1007/​s10826-006-9047-8.CrossRef
go back to reference LaForett, D. R., Murray, D. W., & Kollins, S. H. (2008). Psychosocial treatments for preschool-aged children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Disabilities Research Review, 14, 300–310. doi:10.1002/ddrr.36.CrossRef LaForett, D. R., Murray, D. W., & Kollins, S. H. (2008). Psychosocial treatments for preschool-aged children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Disabilities Research Review, 14, 300–310. doi:10.​1002/​ddrr.​36.CrossRef
go back to reference Lamb, M. (2010). The role of the father in child development (5th ed.). New Jersey: Wiley. Lamb, M. (2010). The role of the father in child development (5th ed.). New Jersey: Wiley.
go back to reference MacKinnon, D. (2000). Contrasts in multiple mediator models. In J. Rose, L. Chassin, C. Presson, & S. Sherman (Eds.), Multivariate applications in substance use research (pp. 141–160). Mahwah: Erlbaum. MacKinnon, D. (2000). Contrasts in multiple mediator models. In J. Rose, L. Chassin, C. Presson, & S. Sherman (Eds.), Multivariate applications in substance use research (pp. 141–160). Mahwah: Erlbaum.
go back to reference Mash, E. J., & Johnston, C. (1983). A comparison of the mother-child interactions of physically abused and nonabused children during play and task situations. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 12, 337–346. Mash, E. J., & Johnston, C. (1983). A comparison of the mother-child interactions of physically abused and nonabused children during play and task situations. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 12, 337–346.
go back to reference Mash, J., & Barkley, R. (2003). Child psychopathology (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford. Mash, J., & Barkley, R. (2003). Child psychopathology (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Mellins, C., Brackis-Cott, E., Dolezal, C., & Abrams, E. (2004). The role of psychosocial and family factors in adherence to antiretroviral treatment in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Pediatric Infectious Disease, 23(11), 1035–1041. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000143646.15240.ac.CrossRef Mellins, C., Brackis-Cott, E., Dolezal, C., & Abrams, E. (2004). The role of psychosocial and family factors in adherence to antiretroviral treatment in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Pediatric Infectious Disease, 23(11), 1035–1041. doi:10.​1097/​01.​inf.​0000143646.​15240.​ac.CrossRef
go back to reference Nezu, A. M., Nezu, C. M., & Perri, M. G. (2006). Problem solving to promote treatment adherence. In W. O'Donohue & E. Levensky (Eds.), Promoting treatment adherence: A practical handbook for health care providers (pp. 135–148). New York: Sage Publications, Inc. Nezu, A. M., Nezu, C. M., & Perri, M. G. (2006). Problem solving to promote treatment adherence. In W. O'Donohue & E. Levensky (Eds.), Promoting treatment adherence: A practical handbook for health care providers (pp. 135–148). New York: Sage Publications, Inc.
go back to reference Nigg, J. T., & Casey, B. J. (2005). An integrative theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on the cognitive and affective neurosciences. Developmental Psychopathology, 17, 785–806. doi:10.1017/S0954579405050376. Nigg, J. T., & Casey, B. J. (2005). An integrative theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on the cognitive and affective neurosciences. Developmental Psychopathology, 17, 785–806. doi:10.​1017/​S095457940505037​6.
go back to reference Pelham, W., & Fabiano, G. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An update. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37(1), 185–214. doi:10.1080/15374410701818681. Pelham, W., & Fabiano, G. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An update. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 37(1), 185–214. doi:10.​1080/​1537441070181868​1.
go back to reference Posner, M. (2004). Progress in attention research. In M. Posner (Ed.), Cognitive neuroscience of attention (pp. 3–8). New York: The Guilford. Posner, M. (2004). Progress in attention research. In M. Posner (Ed.), Cognitive neuroscience of attention (pp. 3–8). New York: The Guilford.
go back to reference Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2004). Behavior assessment system for children (2nd ed.). Circle Pines: American Guidance System Publishing. Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2004). Behavior assessment system for children (2nd ed.). Circle Pines: American Guidance System Publishing.
go back to reference Roggman, L. A., Moe, S. T., Hart, A. D., & Forthun, L. F. (1994). Family leisure and social support: Relations with parenting stress and psychological well-being in head start parents. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 9, 463–480. doi:10.1016/0885-2006(94)90020-5.CrossRef Roggman, L. A., Moe, S. T., Hart, A. D., & Forthun, L. F. (1994). Family leisure and social support: Relations with parenting stress and psychological well-being in head start parents. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 9, 463–480. doi:10.​1016/​0885-2006(94)90020-5.CrossRef
go back to reference Sheinkopf, S., Lester, B., LaGasse, L., Seifer, R., Bauer, C., Shankaran, S., et al. (2006). Interactions between maternal characteristics and neonatal behavior in the prediction of parenting stress and perception of infant temperament. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 31, 27–40. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsj026.PubMedCrossRef Sheinkopf, S., Lester, B., LaGasse, L., Seifer, R., Bauer, C., Shankaran, S., et al. (2006). Interactions between maternal characteristics and neonatal behavior in the prediction of parenting stress and perception of infant temperament. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 31, 27–40. doi:10.​1093/​jpepsy/​jsj026.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Skirrow, C., McLoughlin, G., Kuntsi, J., & Asherson, P. (2009). Behavioral, neurocognitive and treatment overlap between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and mood instability. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 9, 489–503. doi:10.1586/ern.09.2.PubMedCrossRef Skirrow, C., McLoughlin, G., Kuntsi, J., & Asherson, P. (2009). Behavioral, neurocognitive and treatment overlap between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and mood instability. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 9, 489–503. doi:10.​1586/​ern.​09.​2.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sobanski, E., Banaschewski, T., Asherson, P., Buitelaar, J., Chen, W., Franke, B., et al. (2010). Emotional lability in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Clinical correlates and familial prevalence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(8), 915–923. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02217.x.PubMedCrossRef Sobanski, E., Banaschewski, T., Asherson, P., Buitelaar, J., Chen, W., Franke, B., et al. (2010). Emotional lability in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Clinical correlates and familial prevalence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(8), 915–923. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1469-7610.​2010.​02217.​x.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Spencer, T. (2006). ADHD and comorbidity in childhood. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 27–31.PubMedCrossRef Spencer, T. (2006). ADHD and comorbidity in childhood. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 27–31.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Stavro, G. M., Ettenhofer, M. L., & Nigg, J. T. (2007). Executive functions and adaptive functioning in young adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of International Neuropsychological Society, 13, 324–334. doi:10.10170S1355617707070348.CrossRef Stavro, G. M., Ettenhofer, M. L., & Nigg, J. T. (2007). Executive functions and adaptive functioning in young adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of International Neuropsychological Society, 13, 324–334. doi:10.​10170S1355617707​070348.CrossRef
go back to reference Stevens, J., Quittner, A. L., Zuckerman, J. B., & Moore, S. (2002). Behavioral inhibition, self-regulation of motivation, and working memory in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Neuropsychology, 21, 117–139. doi:10.1207/S15326942DN2102_1.PubMedCrossRef Stevens, J., Quittner, A. L., Zuckerman, J. B., & Moore, S. (2002). Behavioral inhibition, self-regulation of motivation, and working memory in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Neuropsychology, 21, 117–139. doi:10.​1207/​S15326942DN2102_​1.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Theule, J., Wiener, J., Tannock, R., & Jenkins, J. (2010). Parenting stress in families of children with ADHD: A meta-analysis. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 19(5), 536. doi:10.1177/1063426610387433. Theule, J., Wiener, J., Tannock, R., & Jenkins, J. (2010). Parenting stress in families of children with ADHD: A meta-analysis. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 19(5), 536. doi:10.​1177/​1063426610387433​.
go back to reference Webster-Stratton, C., & Hammond, M. (1988). Maternal depression and its relationship to life stress, perceptions of child behavior problems, parenting behaviors, and child conduct problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 16, 299–315. doi:10.1007/BF00913802.PubMedCrossRef Webster-Stratton, C., & Hammond, M. (1988). Maternal depression and its relationship to life stress, perceptions of child behavior problems, parenting behaviors, and child conduct problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 16, 299–315. doi:10.​1007/​BF00913802.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Severity of Children’s ADHD Symptoms and Parenting Stress: A Multiple Mediation Model of Self-Regulation
Auteurs
Paulo A. Graziano
Joseph P. McNamara
Gary R. Geffken
Adam Reid
Publicatiedatum
01-10-2011
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 7/2011
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9528-0

Andere artikelen Uitgave 7/2011

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology 7/2011 Naar de uitgave