Top

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

Gepubliceerd in:

07-03-2022

Self-Imagery and Attentional Control Maintenance Factors of Social Anxiety: A Comparison of Trait and State Assessments

Auteurs: Danielle E. Deros, DeMond M. Grant, Jacob D. Kraft, Kaitlyn M. Nagel, Burkhart J. Hahn

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 2/2022

Abstract

Models of social anxiety (SA) posit that socially-evaluative fears may be maintained by biased cognitive processes such as attention and self-imagery. However, extant literature has yielded inconsistent data regarding the differential roles that self-imagery plays in SA, as well as high and low attentional control (AC) abilities. These inconsistencies may be in part a result of differences in trait and state methodologies used to assess self-imagery. The present study provides a comparison of trait and state assessments of self-imagery between groups of individuals with high and low SA and AC. After completing self-report measures of social anxiety, attentional control, and trait self-imagery, 96 participants engaged in negative, positive, and neutral audio manipulations to evoke state self-imagery. Subsequently, participants responded to items regarding the extent to which and how they engaged with these self-imagery scenarios. Trait self-imagery results indicated that those with lower AC reported more anxiety-provoking and negative self-imagery, whereas those with higher SA engaged in more aversive, anxiety-provoking, and negative self-imagery. Those with greater AC accompanied with high SA reported more aversive self-images. Conversely, state self-imagery results indicated that valence of self-images affects different characteristics of self-images themselves (i.e., negatively-valenced self-images are more aversive, anxiety-provoking, negative, less accessible, and elicit greater urges to avoid in engagement) rather than serving as a distinguishing factor for SA or AC. Given these differential effects, trait assessment may reveal important characteristics of self-imagery that perpetuate SA, and state assessment may not measure the same mechanisms.

vorige artikel The Role of Emotion Dysregulation in the Links Between Sibling Victimization and Internalizing Symptoms in Middle Childhood

volgende artikel The Effect of Positive Rumination Training on Mental Health and Attentional Bias

Abdi, H. (2010). The greenhouse-geisser correction. Encyclopedia of Research Design, 1, 544–548. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288.n168CrossRef

Alden, L. E., & Taylor, C. T. (2004). Interpersonal processes in social phobia. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 857–882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2004.07.006CrossRefPubMed

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5^th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.529303

Amir, N., Bomyea, J., & Beard, C. (2010). The effect of single-session interpretation modification on attention bias in socially anxious individuals. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 178–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.10.005CrossRefPubMed

Asher, M., Asnaani, A., & Aderka, I. M. (2017). Gender differences in social anxiety disorder: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 56, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.05.004CrossRefPubMed

Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1CrossRefPubMed

Beidel, D. C., Rao, P. A., Scharfstein, L., Wong, N., & Alfano, C. A. (2010). Social skills and social phobia: An investigation of DSM-IV subtypes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 992–1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.06.005CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., & Dancu, C. V. (1985). Physiological, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of social anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23(2), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(85)90019-1CrossRefPubMed

Benenson, J. F., Markovitz, H., Hultgren, B., Nguyen, T., Bullock, G., & Wrangham, R. (2013). Social exclusion: More important to human females than males. PLoS One, 8(2), e55851. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055851CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneider (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69–93). Guilford Press.

Dahl, C. A. F., & Dahl, A. A. (2010). Lifestyle and social network in individuals with high level of social phobia/anxiety symptoms: A community-based study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45, 309–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-009-0069-6CrossRefPubMed

De Los Reyes, A., Bunnell, B. E., & Beidel, D. C. (2013). Informant discrepancies in adult social anxiety disorder assessments: Links with contextual variations in observed behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(2), 376–386. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031150CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dobinson, K. A., Norton, A. R., & Abbott, M. J. (2020). The relationship between negative self-imagery and social anxiety in a clinically diagnosed sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 44, 156–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-019-10051-wCrossRef

Derryberry, D., & Reed, M. A. (2002). Anxiety-related attentional biases and their regulation by attentional control. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(2), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.111.2.225CrossRefPubMed

Eysenck, M. W., & Derakshan, N. (2011). New perspectives in attentional control theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 955–960.CrossRef

Eysenck, M. W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M. G. (2007). Anxiety and cognitive performance: Attentional control theory. Emotion, 7(2), 336–353. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.336CrossRefPubMed

Ghassemzadeh, H., Rothbart, M. K., & Posner, M. I. (2019). Anxiety and brain networks of attentional control. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 32(1), 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000181CrossRefPubMed

Hackmann, A., Clark, D. M., & McManus, F. (2000). Recurrent images and early memories in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(6), 601–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00161-8CrossRefPubMed

Hackmann, A., Surawy, C., & Clark, D. M. (1998). Seeing yourself through others’ eyes: A study of spontaneously occurring images in social phobia. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 26, 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1352465898000022CrossRef

Heimberg, R. G., Brozovich, F. A., & Rapee, R. M. (2010). A cognitive behavioral model of social anxiety disorder: Update and extension. In S.G. Hofmann & P.M. DiBartolo (Eds.), Social anxiety: Clinical, developmental, and social perspectives (2nd ed., pp. 395–422). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-375096-9.00015-8

Hirsch, C. R., Clark, D. M., Mathews, A., & Williams, R. (2003a). Self-images play a causal role in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(8), 909–921. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00103-1CrossRefPubMed

Hirsch, C. R., Mathews, A., & Clark, D. M. (2007). Inducing an interpretation bias changes self-imagery: A preliminary investigation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(9), 2173–2181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2006.11.001CrossRefPubMed

Hirsch, C. R., Mathews, A., Clark, D. M., Williams, R., & Morrison, J. (2003b). Negative self-imagery blocks inferences. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(12), 1383–1396. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00057-3CrossRefPubMed

Hirsch, C. R., Mathews, A., Clark, D. M., Williams, R., & Morrison, J. A. (2006). The causal role of negative imagery in social anxiety: A test in confident public speakers. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 37(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btep.2005.03.003CrossRefPubMed

Hirsch, C., Meynen, T., & Clark, D. (2004). Negative self-imagery in social anxiety contaminates social interactions. Memory, 12(4), 496–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210444000106CrossRef

Hofmann, S. G. (2007). Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: A comprehensive model and its treatment implications. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 36(4), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070701421313CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hulme, N., Hirsch, C., & Stopa, L. (2012). Images of the self and self-esteem: Do positive self-images improve self-esteem in social anxiety? Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 41(2), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2012.664557CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Huynh, H., & Feldt, L. S. (1970). Conditions under which mean square ratios in repeated measurement designs have exact F–distributions. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 65, 1582–1589. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1970.10481187CrossRef

Iacobucci, D., Posavac, S. S., Kardes, F. R., Schneider, M. J., & Popovich, D. L. (2015). The median split: Robust, refined, and revived. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 25(4), 690–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2015.06.014CrossRef

Jazaieri, H., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2015). The role of emotion and emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17, 531. https://doi.org/10.1007/211920-014-0531-3CrossRefPubMed

Judah, M. R., Grant, D. M., & Carlisle, N. B. (2016). The effects of self-focus on attentional biases in social anxiety: An ERP study. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 16, 393–405. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-015-0398-9CrossRef

Judah, M. R., Grant, D. M., Mills, A. C., & Lechner, W. V. (2014). Factor structure and validation of the attentional control scale. Cognition & Emotion, 28(3), 433–451. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2013.835254CrossRef

Kocovski, N. L., Blackie, R. A., Fricker, M. W. L., & Veloce, L. F. (2019). Positive self-imagery may not always be positive: Examining the impact of positive and negative self-imagery in social anxiety. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 12, 191–204.CrossRef

Kraft, J.D., & Grant, D.M. (2021). The effects of self-imagery manipulations on attentional processes within social anxiety. Psychology & Neuroscience, 14(2), 226-240. https://doi.org/10.1037/pne0000247CrossRef

Leigh, E., Chiu, K., & Clark, D. M. (2020). The effects of modifying mental imagery in adolescent social anxiety. PLoS One, 15(4), e0230826. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230826CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

MacLeod, C., & Cohen, I. L. (1993). Anxiety and the interpretation of ambiguity: A text comprehension study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(2), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.102.2.238CrossRefPubMed

Makkar, S. R., & Grisham, J. R. (2011). Social anxiety and the effects of negative self-imagery on emotion, cognition, and post-event processing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(10), 654–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2011.07.004CrossRefPubMed

Mansell, W., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2003). Internal versus external attention in social anxiety: An investigation using a novel paradigm. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(5), 555–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(02)00029-3CrossRefPubMed

Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(4), 455–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(97)10031-6CrossRefPubMed

Morgan, J. (2010). Autobiographical memory biases in social anxiety. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(3), 288–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.12.003CrossRefPubMed

Morrison, A. S., Amir, N., & Taylor, C. T. (2011). A behavioral index of imagery ability in social anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35(4), 326–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9274-6CrossRef

Morrison, A. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2013). Social anxiety and social anxiety disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 249–274. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185631CrossRefPubMed

Ng, A. S., & Abbott, M. J. (2016). The effect of negative, positive, and neutral self-imagery on symptoms and processes in social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40, 479–495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-015-9751-zCrossRef

Ng, A. S., Abbott, M. J., & Hunt, C. (2014). The effect of self-imagery on symptoms and processes in social anxiety: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 34, 620–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.09.003CrossRefPubMed

Norton, A. R., & Abbott, M. J. (2016a). The efficacy of imagery rescripting compared to cognitive restructuring for social anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 40, 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.03.009CrossRefPubMed

Norton, A. R., & Abbott, M. J. (2016b). Self-focused cognition in social anxiety: A review of the theoretical and empirical literature. Behaviour Change, 33(1), 44–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2016.2CrossRef

Olafsson, R. P., Smari, J., Gudmundsdotter, F., Olafsdottir, G., Hardardottir, H. L., & Einarsson, S. M. (2011). Self-reported attentional control with the Attentional Control Scale: Factor structure and relationships with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 777–782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.03.013CrossRefPubMed

Rapee, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(8), 741–756. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(97)00022-3CrossRefPubMed

Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L., Moggs, K., & Bradley, B. (2013). Attention control: Relationships between self-report and behavioral measures, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Cognition and Emotion, 27, 430–440. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2012.715081CrossRefPubMed

Rodebaugh, T.L., Heimberg, R.G., Brown, P.J., Fernandez, K.C., Blanco, C.,..., & Liebowitz, M.R. (2011). More reasons to be straightforward: Findings and norms for two scales relevant to social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(5), 623–630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.02.002CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Rodebaugh, T., Woods, C. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2007). The reverse of social anxiety is not always the opposite: The reverse-scored items of the social interaction anxiety scale do not belong. Behavior Therapy, 38(2), 192–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2006.08.001CrossRefPubMed

Roth, D., Antony, M. M., & Swinson, R. P. (2001). Interpretations for anxiety symptoms in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39(2), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00159-xCrossRefPubMed

Shi, R., Sharpe, L., & Abbott, M. (2019). A meta-analysis of the relationship between anxiety and attentional control. Clinical Psychology Review, 72, 101754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101754CrossRefPubMed

Spada, M. M., Georgiou, G. A., & Wells, A. (2010). The relationship among metacognitions, attentional control, and state anxiety. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 39(1), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070902991791CrossRefPubMed

Stopa, L., Brown, M. A., & Hirsch, C. R. (2012). The effects of repeated imagery practice on self-concept, anxiety and performance in socially anxious participants. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 3(2), 223–242. https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.021511CrossRef

Taylor, C. T., & Alden, L. E. (2010). Safety behaviors and judgmental biases in social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(3), 226–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.11.005CrossRefPubMed

Taylor, C. T., Cross, K., & Amir, N. (2016). Attentional control moderates the relationship between social anxiety symptoms and attentional disengagement from threatening information. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 50, 68–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.05.008CrossRefPubMed

van Oort, F. V. A., Greaves-Lord, K., Ornel, J., Verhulst, F. C., & Huizink, A. C. (2011). Risk indicators of anxiety throughout adolescence: The TRAILS study. Depression and Anxiety, 28, 485–494. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20818CrossRefPubMed

Vassilopoulos, S. (2005). Social anxiety and the effects of engaging in mental imagery. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(3), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-005-2993-4CrossRef

Titel: Self-Imagery and Attentional Control Maintenance Factors of Social Anxiety: A Comparison of Trait and State Assessments
Auteurs: Danielle E. Deros
DeMond M. Grant
Jacob D. Kraft
Kaitlyn M. Nagel
Burkhart J. Hahn
Publicatiedatum: 07-03-2022
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 2/2022
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-021-09924-w

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2022

Longitudinal Associations Between the Five-Factor Model of Personality and The Bi-Factor Model of Psychopathology: Continuity, Pathoplasty and Complication Effects in Adolescents

Does Symptom Linkage Density Predict Outcomes in Cognitive Therapy for Recurrent Depression?

The Validation of a Five-Item Screening Scale for Personality Disorders in Dutch-Speaking Community Adolescents and Adults

The Brief Problem Monitor (BPM-Y/BPM-P) Among Chinese Youth: Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance

Intolerance of Uncertainty and Anxiety Symptoms: Examining the Indirect Effect Through Anxiety Sensitivity Among Adults with Anxiety-Related Disorders

The Effect of Positive Rumination Training on Mental Health and Attentional Bias