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Gepubliceerd in: Verslaving 3/2016

22-08-2016 | Artikel

Schoolprogramma’s om middelengebruik tegen te gaan in verschillende leeftijdsfasen

Wat werkt voor wie?

Auteur: Dr. S. A. Onrust

Gepubliceerd in: Verslaving | Uitgave 3/2016

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Samenvatting

Conclusies over de effectiviteit van schoolprogramma’s bij het terugdringen van middelengebruik zijn veelal niet eenduidig. Waarschijnlijk zijn schoolprogramma’s effectiever wanneer ze zijn afgestemd op het ontwikkelingsniveau van de leerlingen (basisschoolleeftijd, vroege, midden- en late adolescentie). Deze overzichtsstudie beschrijft welke preventiestrategieën effectief zijn in verschillende leeftijdsfasen. Hierbij wordt onderscheid gemaakt tussen universele schoolprogramma’s en programma’s die gericht zijn op risicoleerlingen. Er is een grootschalige literatuurstudie uitgevoerd naar schoolprogramma’s, die zijn geëvalueerd op roken, alcoholgebruik en/of drugsgebruik. Met behulp van metaregressieanalyses is bepaald welke preventiestrategieën samenhangen met effectiviteit. Deze studie beschrijft de resultaten van 288 schoolprogramma’s bij 436.180 leerlingen. De resultaten komen overeen met de verwachting van de auteur dat de werkzaamheid van preventiestrategieën verschillend is voor verschillende ontwikkelstadia. Het meest effectief zijn preventiestrategieën die aansluiten bij de ontwikkeling die de leerling doormaakt in een bepaalde leeftijdsfase. De effectiviteit van middelenpreventie op school neemt toe wanneer rekening wordt gehouden met de ontwikkeling van de leerlingen. De verschillende ontwikkelstadia bieden verschillende mogelijkheden voor preventie en interventie. Dit artikel is een bewerking van een eerdere publicatie in Clinical Psychology Review.
Voetnoten
1
Een uitgebreide beschrijving van de analysestrategie is te vinden in Onrust et al. (2016).
 
2
Een compleet overzicht van de resultaten is te vinden in Onrust et al. (2016).
 
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Metagegevens
Titel
Schoolprogramma’s om middelengebruik tegen te gaan in verschillende leeftijdsfasen
Wat werkt voor wie?
Auteur
Dr. S. A. Onrust
Publicatiedatum
22-08-2016
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
Verslaving / Uitgave 3/2016
Print ISSN: 1574-1842
Elektronisch ISSN: 1875-7073
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12501-016-0076-8

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