Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies 11/2016

02-07-2016 | Original Paper

School-Based Cognitive Mindfulness Intervention for Internalizing Problems: Pilot Study with Hong Kong Elementary Students

Auteur: Kanei Lam

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 11/2016

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Childhood internalizing problems such as anxiety and depression can have serious personal, familial and societal repercussions, including drug and alcohol abuse, delinquency, unplanned pregnancy, and even suicide. There is little research on mindfulness interventions for children with clinical levels of internalizing problems, and school-based mindfulness research with children has focused on non-clinical groups. We employed a two-stage screening and intervention procedure to evaluate an in-school mindfulness-based cognitive intervention for Hong Kong children with subclinical internalizing difficulties. Ninety-three fourth to sixth graders were screened, and twenty students (age 9–13, median age 10) highest among their peers on internalizing problems, but lowest on externalizing problems, participated in a 9-week group mindfulness-based intervention. We employed a two-phase open trial design, with random assignment to an immediate intervention group or wait-list control group. In single-trial analysis, one-tailed dependent sample t-tests showed significant decreases in both worry and in symptoms of panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety and overall internalizing problems. In a randomized controlled trial analysis, the immediate intervention group evidenced larger but nonsignificant reductions on almost all measures. Eighty-five percent of the participants rated the program as helpful, and 65–80 % reported improvement in handling emotions and interpersonal relationships at post-treatment, with some treatment gains maintained at 3-month follow-up. These preliminary findings have encouraging implications for implementing time-limited school-based mindfulness interventions targeting elevated childhood internalizing difficulties.
Literatuur
go back to reference Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the child behavior checklist: Ages 4–18, and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry. Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the child behavior checklist: Ages 4–18, and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
go back to reference Avenevoli, S., Knight, E., Kessler, R. C., & Merikangas, K. R. (2008). Epidemiology of depression in children and adolescents. In J. R. Z. Abela & B. L. Hankin (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp. 6–32). New York: Guilford Press. Avenevoli, S., Knight, E., Kessler, R. C., & Merikangas, K. R. (2008). Epidemiology of depression in children and adolescents. In J. R. Z. Abela & B. L. Hankin (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp. 6–32). New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 125–143. Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 125–143.
go back to reference Bei, B., Byrne, M. L., Ivens, C., Waloszek, J., Woods, M. J., Dudgeon, P., et al. (2013). Pilot study of a mindfulness-based, multi-component, in-school group sleep intervention in adolescent girls. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 7(2), 213–220.PubMedCrossRef Bei, B., Byrne, M. L., Ivens, C., Waloszek, J., Woods, M. J., Dudgeon, P., et al. (2013). Pilot study of a mindfulness-based, multi-component, in-school group sleep intervention in adolescent girls. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 7(2), 213–220.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Biegel, G. M., Brown, K. W., Shapiro, S. L., & Schubert, C. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for the treatment of adolescent psychiatric outpatients: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(5), 855–866.PubMedCrossRef Biegel, G. M., Brown, K. W., Shapiro, S. L., & Schubert, C. M. (2009). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for the treatment of adolescent psychiatric outpatients: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(5), 855–866.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Boutron, I., Moher, D., Altman, D. G., Schulz, K. F., & Ravaud, P. (2008). Extending the CONSORT statement to randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatment: Explanation and elaboration. Annals of Internal Medicine, 148(4), 295–309.PubMedCrossRef Boutron, I., Moher, D., Altman, D. G., Schulz, K. F., & Ravaud, P. (2008). Extending the CONSORT statement to randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatment: Explanation and elaboration. Annals of Internal Medicine, 148(4), 295–309.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chorpita, B. F., Moffitt, C. E., & Gray, J. A. (2005). Psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in a clinical sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 309–322.PubMedCrossRef Chorpita, B. F., Moffitt, C. E., & Gray, J. A. (2005). Psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in a clinical sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 309–322.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chorpita, B. F., Tracey, S. A., Brown, T. A., Collica, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (1997). Assessment of worry in children and adolescents: An adaptation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 569–581.PubMedCrossRef Chorpita, B. F., Tracey, S. A., Brown, T. A., Collica, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (1997). Assessment of worry in children and adolescents: An adaptation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 569–581.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chorpita, B. F., Yim, L., Moffitt, C. E., Umemoto, L. A., & Francis, S. E. (2000). Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: A Revised Child Anxiety And Depression Scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 835–855.PubMedCrossRef Chorpita, B. F., Yim, L., Moffitt, C. E., Umemoto, L. A., & Francis, S. E. (2000). Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: A Revised Child Anxiety And Depression Scale. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 835–855.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Clarke, G. N., DeBar, L. L., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2003). Cognitive–behavioral group treatment for adolescent depression. In A. E. Kazdin (Ed.), Evidenced-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents (pp. 120–134). New York: Guilford Press. Clarke, G. N., DeBar, L. L., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2003). Cognitive–behavioral group treatment for adolescent depression. In A. E. Kazdin (Ed.), Evidenced-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents (pp. 120–134). New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
go back to reference Compton, S. N., Burns, B. J., Egger, H. L., & Robertson, E. (2002). Review of the evidence base for treatment of childhood psychopathology: Internalizing disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 1240–1266.PubMedCrossRef Compton, S. N., Burns, B. J., Egger, H. L., & Robertson, E. (2002). Review of the evidence base for treatment of childhood psychopathology: Internalizing disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 1240–1266.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cornelius, L. J., & Harrington, D. (2014). A social justice approach to survey design and analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRef Cornelius, L. J., & Harrington, D. (2014). A social justice approach to survey design and analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Cosgrove, V. E., Rhee, S. H., Gelhorn, H. L., Boeldt, D., Corley, R. C., Ehringer, M. A., et al. (2011). Structure and etiology of co-occurring internalizing and externalizing disorders in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(1), 109–123.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Cosgrove, V. E., Rhee, S. H., Gelhorn, H. L., Boeldt, D., Corley, R. C., Ehringer, M. A., et al. (2011). Structure and etiology of co-occurring internalizing and externalizing disorders in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(1), 109–123.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Costello, E. J., Angold, A., Burns, B. J., Stangl, D. K., Tweed, D. L., Erkanli, A., & Worthman, C. M. (1996). The Great Smoky Mountains study of youth: Goals, design, methods, and the prevalence of DSM– III–R disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 1129–1136.PubMedCrossRef Costello, E. J., Angold, A., Burns, B. J., Stangl, D. K., Tweed, D. L., Erkanli, A., & Worthman, C. M. (1996). The Great Smoky Mountains study of youth: Goals, design, methods, and the prevalence of DSM– III–R disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 1129–1136.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Costello, E. J., Pine, D. S., Hammen, C., March, J. S., Plotsky, P. M., Weissman, M. M., & Leckman, J. F. (2002). Development and natural history of mood disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 52(6), 529–542.PubMedCrossRef Costello, E. J., Pine, D. S., Hammen, C., March, J. S., Plotsky, P. M., Weissman, M. M., & Leckman, J. F. (2002). Development and natural history of mood disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 52(6), 529–542.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference de Ross, R. L., Gullone, E., & Chorpita, B. F. (2002). The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale: A psychometric investigation with Australian youth. Behaviour Change, 19(02), 90–101.CrossRef de Ross, R. L., Gullone, E., & Chorpita, B. F. (2002). The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale: A psychometric investigation with Australian youth. Behaviour Change, 19(02), 90–101.CrossRef
go back to reference de Vibe, M., Bjørndal, A., Tipton, E., Hammerstrøm, K. T., & Kowalski, K. (2012). Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for improving health, quality of life and social functioning in adults. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2012, 3. doi:10.4073/csr.2012.3. de Vibe, M., Bjørndal, A., Tipton, E., Hammerstrøm, K. T., & Kowalski, K. (2012). Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for improving health, quality of life and social functioning in adults. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2012, 3. doi:10.​4073/​csr.​2012.​3.
go back to reference Education Bureau (EDB). (2010). Chinese version of the SDQ and the SWAN users’ reference: For educational psychologists working in primary schools. Hong Kong: Education Bureau, HKSAR Government. Education Bureau (EDB). (2010). Chinese version of the SDQ and the SWAN users’ reference: For educational psychologists working in primary schools. Hong Kong: Education Bureau, HKSAR Government.
go back to reference Esbjørn, B. H., Sømhovd, M. J., Turnstedt, C., & Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L. (2012). Assessing the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) in a national sample of Danish youth aged 8–16 years. PLoS ONE, 7(5), e37339.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Esbjørn, B. H., Sømhovd, M. J., Turnstedt, C., & Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L. (2012). Assessing the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) in a national sample of Danish youth aged 8–16 years. PLoS ONE, 7(5), e37339.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Fanti, K. A., & Henrich, C. C. (2010). Trajectories of pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems from age 2 to age 12: Findings from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care. Developmental Psychology, 46, 1159–1175.PubMedCrossRef Fanti, K. A., & Henrich, C. C. (2010). Trajectories of pure and co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems from age 2 to age 12: Findings from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care. Developmental Psychology, 46, 1159–1175.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191.PubMedCrossRef Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Felver, J. C., Celis-de Hoyos, C. E., Tezanos, K., & Singh, N. N. (2015). A systematic review of mindfulness-based interventions for youth in school settings. Mindfulness, 7, 34–45.CrossRef Felver, J. C., Celis-de Hoyos, C. E., Tezanos, K., & Singh, N. N. (2015). A systematic review of mindfulness-based interventions for youth in school settings. Mindfulness, 7, 34–45.CrossRef
go back to reference Ferdinand, R. F., van Lang, N. D., Ormel, J., & Verhulst, F. C. (2006). No distinctions between different types of anxiety symptoms in pre-adolescents from the general population. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(2), 207–221.PubMedCrossRef Ferdinand, R. F., van Lang, N. D., Ormel, J., & Verhulst, F. C. (2006). No distinctions between different types of anxiety symptoms in pre-adolescents from the general population. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(2), 207–221.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage publications. Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage publications.
go back to reference Flook, L., Smalley, S. L., Kitil, M. J., Galla, B. M., Kaiser-Greenland, S., Locke, J., et al. (2010). Effects of mindful awareness practices on executive functions in elementary school children. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 26(1), 70–95.CrossRef Flook, L., Smalley, S. L., Kitil, M. J., Galla, B. M., Kaiser-Greenland, S., Locke, J., et al. (2010). Effects of mindful awareness practices on executive functions in elementary school children. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 26(1), 70–95.CrossRef
go back to reference Frick, P. J., Barry, C. T., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2010). Clinical assessment of child and adolescent personality and behavior (3rd ed.). New York: Springer.CrossRef Frick, P. J., Barry, C. T., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2010). Clinical assessment of child and adolescent personality and behavior (3rd ed.). New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 11.0 update (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 11.0 update (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
go back to reference Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 581–586.PubMedCrossRef Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 581–586.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Greenhoot, A. F. (2003). Design and analysis of experimental and quasi-experimental investigations. In M. Roberts & S. S. Ilardi (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in clinical psychology (pp. 92–114). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.CrossRef Greenhoot, A. F. (2003). Design and analysis of experimental and quasi-experimental investigations. In M. Roberts & S. S. Ilardi (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in clinical psychology (pp. 92–114). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.CrossRef
go back to reference Greenland, S. K. (2010). The mindful child: How to help your kid manage stress and become happier, kinder, and more compassionate. New York: Atria Books. Greenland, S. K. (2010). The mindful child: How to help your kid manage stress and become happier, kinder, and more compassionate. New York: Atria Books.
go back to reference Hall, G. C., Hong, J. J., Zane, N. W., & Meyer, O. L. (2011). Culturally competent treatments for Asian Americans: The relevance of mindfulness and acceptance-based psychotherapies. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 18(3), 215–231. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2011.01253.x. Hall, G. C., Hong, J. J., Zane, N. W., & Meyer, O. L. (2011). Culturally competent treatments for Asian Americans: The relevance of mindfulness and acceptance-based psychotherapies. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 18(3), 215–231. doi:10.​1111/​j.​1468-2850.​2011.​01253.​x.
go back to reference Hilt-Panahon, A., Kern, L., Divatia, A., & Gresham, F. (2008). School-based interventions for students with or at risk for depression: A review of the literature. Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, 1(sup1), 32–41.CrossRef Hilt-Panahon, A., Kern, L., Divatia, A., & Gresham, F. (2008). School-based interventions for students with or at risk for depression: A review of the literature. Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, 1(sup1), 32–41.CrossRef
go back to reference Hoagwood, K. E., Olin, S. S., Kerker, B. D., Kratochwill, T. R., Crowe, M., & Saka, N. (2007). Empirically based school interventions targeted at academic and mental health functioning. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 15(2), 66–92.CrossRef Hoagwood, K. E., Olin, S. S., Kerker, B. D., Kratochwill, T. R., Crowe, M., & Saka, N. (2007). Empirically based school interventions targeted at academic and mental health functioning. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 15(2), 66–92.CrossRef
go back to reference Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A metaanalytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169–183.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A metaanalytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169–183.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Horowitz, J. L., & Garber, J. (2006). The prevention of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 401–415.PubMedCrossRef Horowitz, J. L., & Garber, J. (2006). The prevention of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 401–415.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Huppert, F. A., & Johnson, D. M. (2010). A controlled trial of mindfulness training in schools: The importance of practice for an impact on well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(4), 264–274.CrossRef Huppert, F. A., & Johnson, D. M. (2010). A controlled trial of mindfulness training in schools: The importance of practice for an impact on well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(4), 264–274.CrossRef
go back to reference Ivanova, M. Y., Achenbach, T. M., Dumenci, L., Rescorla, L. A., Almqvist, F., Weintraub, S., et al. (2007). Testing the 8-syndrome structure of the child behavior checklist in 30 societies. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 36(3), 405–417.PubMedCrossRef Ivanova, M. Y., Achenbach, T. M., Dumenci, L., Rescorla, L. A., Almqvist, F., Weintraub, S., et al. (2007). Testing the 8-syndrome structure of the child behavior checklist in 30 societies. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 36(3), 405–417.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Jimerson, S. R. (2003). Depression and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Around the World: Identification, Intervention, and Prevention. Presented in a special Advocacy symposium session at the National Association of School Psychologists conference, Toronto, Canada. Jimerson, S. R. (2003). Depression and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Around the World: Identification, Intervention, and Prevention. Presented in a special Advocacy symposium session at the National Association of School Psychologists conference, Toronto, Canada.
go back to reference Joyce, A., Etty-Leal, J., Zazryn, T., & Hamilton, A. (2010). Exploring a mindfulness meditation program on the mental health of upper primary children: A pilot study. Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, 3, 17–25. doi:10.1080/1754730X.2010.9715677.CrossRef Joyce, A., Etty-Leal, J., Zazryn, T., & Hamilton, A. (2010). Exploring a mindfulness meditation program on the mental health of upper primary children: A pilot study. Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, 3, 17–25. doi:10.​1080/​1754730X.​2010.​9715677.CrossRef
go back to reference Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4(1), 33–47.PubMedCrossRef Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4(1), 33–47.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Delacorte. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Delacorte.
go back to reference Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion Books. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion Books.
go back to reference Keenan, K., Feng, X., Hipwell, A., & Klostermann, S. (2009). Depression begets depression: Comparing the predictive utility of depression and anxiety symptoms to later depression. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(9), 1167–1175.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Keenan, K., Feng, X., Hipwell, A., & Klostermann, S. (2009). Depression begets depression: Comparing the predictive utility of depression and anxiety symptoms to later depression. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(9), 1167–1175.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602.PubMedCrossRef Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kline, P. (1999). The handbook of psychological testing (2nd ed.). London: Routledge. Kline, P. (1999). The handbook of psychological testing (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
go back to reference Kösters, M. P., Chinapaw, M. J., Zwaanswijk, M., van der Wal, M. F., & Koot, H. M. (2015). Structure, reliability, and validity of the revised child anxiety and depression scale (RCADS) in a multi-ethnic urban sample of Dutch children. BMC Psychiatry, 15(1), 132.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kösters, M. P., Chinapaw, M. J., Zwaanswijk, M., van der Wal, M. F., & Koot, H. M. (2015). Structure, reliability, and validity of the revised child anxiety and depression scale (RCADS) in a multi-ethnic urban sample of Dutch children. BMC Psychiatry, 15(1), 132.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Lai, W. Y. R. (2006). Perceived parental style, cognitions, and adolescent anxiety and depression in Hong Kong. (Unpublished Master’s thesis). The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Lai, W. Y. R. (2006). Perceived parental style, cognitions, and adolescent anxiety and depression in Hong Kong. (Unpublished Master’s thesis). The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
go back to reference Lai, K. Y. C., Luk, E. S. L., Leung, P. W. L., Wong, A. S. Y., Law, L., & Ho, K. (2010). Validation of the Chinese version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Hong Kong. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45(12), 1179–1186.PubMedCrossRef Lai, K. Y. C., Luk, E. S. L., Leung, P. W. L., Wong, A. S. Y., Law, L., & Ho, K. (2010). Validation of the Chinese version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Hong Kong. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45(12), 1179–1186.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lam, K. (1999). An etic-emic approach to validation of the Chinese version of the Children’s Depression Inventory. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York. Lam, K. (1999). An etic-emic approach to validation of the Chinese version of the Children’s Depression Inventory. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York.
go back to reference Lau, N.-S., & Hue, M.-T. (2011). Preliminary outcomes of a mindfulness- based programme for Hong Kong adolescents in schools: Well-being, stress and depressive symptoms. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 16, 315–330. doi:10.1080/1364436X.2011.639747.CrossRef Lau, N.-S., & Hue, M.-T. (2011). Preliminary outcomes of a mindfulness- based programme for Hong Kong adolescents in schools: Well-being, stress and depressive symptoms. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 16, 315–330. doi:10.​1080/​1364436X.​2011.​639747.CrossRef
go back to reference Lee, J., Semple, R. J., Rosa, D., & Miller, L. (2008). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children: Results of a pilot study. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 22(1), 15–28.CrossRef Lee, J., Semple, R. J., Rosa, D., & Miller, L. (2008). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children: Results of a pilot study. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 22(1), 15–28.CrossRef
go back to reference Leung, W. Y. (2013). A psychometric investigation of somatic and emotional symptoms of children and adolescents in Hong Kong: the role of physiological hyperarousal in differentiating anxiety and depression. (Unpublished doctorial dissertation). The Hong Kong University, Hong Kong. Leung, W. Y. (2013). A psychometric investigation of somatic and emotional symptoms of children and adolescents in Hong Kong: the role of physiological hyperarousal in differentiating anxiety and depression. (Unpublished doctorial dissertation). The Hong Kong University, Hong Kong.
go back to reference Leung, P. W. L., Kwong, S. L., Tang, C. P., Ho, T. P., Hung, S. F., Lee, C. C., & Liu, W. S. (2006). Test–retest reliability and criterion validity of the Chinese version of CBCL, TRF, and YSR. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(9), 970–973.PubMedCrossRef Leung, P. W. L., Kwong, S. L., Tang, C. P., Ho, T. P., Hung, S. F., Lee, C. C., & Liu, W. S. (2006). Test–retest reliability and criterion validity of the Chinese version of CBCL, TRF, and YSR. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(9), 970–973.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Levine, T. R., & Hullett, C. R. (2002). Eta Squared, Partial Eta Squared, and misreporting of effect size in communication research. Human Communication Research, 28(4), 612–625.CrossRef Levine, T. R., & Hullett, C. R. (2002). Eta Squared, Partial Eta Squared, and misreporting of effect size in communication research. Human Communication Research, 28(4), 612–625.CrossRef
go back to reference Long, A. C. J., McIver, E. C., Olinger, R. M., Bolognino, S. J., & Renshaw, T. L. (2015). Balancing treatment integrity and client responsiveness: Adapting a mindfulness curriculum. Communiqué, 43 (8), 1, 15, 16,17. Long, A. C. J., McIver, E. C., Olinger, R. M., Bolognino, S. J., & Renshaw, T. L. (2015). Balancing treatment integrity and client responsiveness: Adapting a mindfulness curriculum. Communiqué, 43 (8), 1, 15, 16,17.
go back to reference Mathyssek, C. M., Olino, T. M., Hartman, C. A., Ormel, J., Verhulst, F. C., & Van Oort, F. V. (2013). Does the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) measure anxiety symptoms consistently across adolescence? The TRAILS study. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 22(1), 27–35.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mathyssek, C. M., Olino, T. M., Hartman, C. A., Ormel, J., Verhulst, F. C., & Van Oort, F. V. (2013). Does the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) measure anxiety symptoms consistently across adolescence? The TRAILS study. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 22(1), 27–35.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Maxwell, S. E., & Delaney, H. D. (1990). Designing experiments and analyzing data: A model comparison perspective. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Maxwell, S. E., & Delaney, H. D. (1990). Designing experiments and analyzing data: A model comparison perspective. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
go back to reference Mayer, M. J., Van Acker, R., Lochman, J. E., & Gresham, F. M. (2009). Cognitive-behavioral interventions for emotional and behavioral disorders: School-based practice. New York: The Guildford Press. Mayer, M. J., Van Acker, R., Lochman, J. E., & Gresham, F. M. (2009). Cognitive-behavioral interventions for emotional and behavioral disorders: School-based practice. New York: The Guildford Press.
go back to reference Meiklejohn, J., Phillips, C., Freedman, M. L., Griffin, M. L., Biegel, G., Roach, A., et al. (2012). Integrating mindfulness training into K-12 education: Fostering the resilience of teachers and students. Mindfulness, 3(4), 291–307.CrossRef Meiklejohn, J., Phillips, C., Freedman, M. L., Griffin, M. L., Biegel, G., Roach, A., et al. (2012). Integrating mindfulness training into K-12 education: Fostering the resilience of teachers and students. Mindfulness, 3(4), 291–307.CrossRef
go back to reference Merrell, K. W., & Gueldner, B. A. (2010). Preventative inter-ventions for students with internalizing disorders: Effective strategies for promoting mental health in schools. In M. R. Shinn & H. M. Walker (Eds.), Interventions for achievement and behavior in a three-tier model including RTI (3rd ed., pp. 729–823). Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists. Merrell, K. W., & Gueldner, B. A. (2010). Preventative inter-ventions for students with internalizing disorders: Effective strategies for promoting mental health in schools. In M. R. Shinn & H. M. Walker (Eds.), Interventions for achievement and behavior in a three-tier model including RTI (3rd ed., pp. 729–823). Bethesda, MD: National Association of School Psychologists.
go back to reference Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behavior Research and Therapy, 28, 487–495.CrossRef Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behavior Research and Therapy, 28, 487–495.CrossRef
go back to reference Mrazek, P. J., & Haggerty, R. J. (Eds.). (1994). Reducing risks for mental disorders: Frontiers for preventive research. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Mrazek, P. J., & Haggerty, R. J. (Eds.). (1994). Reducing risks for mental disorders: Frontiers for preventive research. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
go back to reference Oakes, J. M., & Feldman, H. A. (2001). Statistical power for nonequivalent pretest-posttest designs: The impact of change-score versus ANCOVA models. Evaluation Review, 25(1), 3–28.PubMedCrossRef Oakes, J. M., & Feldman, H. A. (2001). Statistical power for nonequivalent pretest-posttest designs: The impact of change-score versus ANCOVA models. Evaluation Review, 25(1), 3–28.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pestle, S. L., Chorpita, B. F., & Schiffman, J. (2008). Psychometric properties of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for children in a large clinical sample. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37(2), 465–471.CrossRef Pestle, S. L., Chorpita, B. F., & Schiffman, J. (2008). Psychometric properties of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for children in a large clinical sample. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37(2), 465–471.CrossRef
go back to reference Raveepatarakul, J., Suttiwan, P., Iamsupasit, S., & Mikulas, W. L. (2014). A mindfulness enhancement program for Thai 8-to 11-year old children: Effects on mindfulness and depression. Journal of Health Research, 28(5), 335–341. Raveepatarakul, J., Suttiwan, P., Iamsupasit, S., & Mikulas, W. L. (2014). A mindfulness enhancement program for Thai 8-to 11-year old children: Effects on mindfulness and depression. Journal of Health Research, 28(5), 335–341.
go back to reference Reitz, E., Deković, M., & Meijer, A. M. (2005). The structure and stability of externalizing and internalizing problem behavior during early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 577–588.CrossRef Reitz, E., Deković, M., & Meijer, A. M. (2005). The structure and stability of externalizing and internalizing problem behavior during early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 577–588.CrossRef
go back to reference Rescorla, L., Achenbach, T., Ivanova, M. Y., Dumenci, L., Almqvist, F., Bilenberg, N., et al. (2007). Behavioral and emotional problems reported by parents of children ages 6 to 16 in 31 societies. Journal of Emotional and behavioral Disorders, 15(3), 130–142.CrossRef Rescorla, L., Achenbach, T., Ivanova, M. Y., Dumenci, L., Almqvist, F., Bilenberg, N., et al. (2007). Behavioral and emotional problems reported by parents of children ages 6 to 16 in 31 societies. Journal of Emotional and behavioral Disorders, 15(3), 130–142.CrossRef
go back to reference Richardson, J. T. (2011). Eta Squared and Partial Eta Squared as measures of effect size in educational research. Educational Research Review, 6(2), 135–147.CrossRef Richardson, J. T. (2011). Eta Squared and Partial Eta Squared as measures of effect size in educational research. Educational Research Review, 6(2), 135–147.CrossRef
go back to reference Schafer, J. L., & Graham, J. W. (2002). Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7(2), 147–177.PubMedCrossRef Schafer, J. L., & Graham, J. W. (2002). Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7(2), 147–177.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Oberle, E., Lawlor, M. S., Abbott, D., Thomson, K., Oberlander, T. F., & Diamond, A. (2015). Enhancing cognitive and social-emotional development through a simple-to-administer mindfulness-based school program for elementary school children: A randomized controlled trial. Developmental Psychology, 51(1), 52–66. doi:10.1037/a0038454.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Oberle, E., Lawlor, M. S., Abbott, D., Thomson, K., Oberlander, T. F., & Diamond, A. (2015). Enhancing cognitive and social-emotional development through a simple-to-administer mindfulness-based school program for elementary school children: A randomized controlled trial. Developmental Psychology, 51(1), 52–66. doi:10.​1037/​a0038454.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: Guilford Press. Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Semple, R. J., & Lee, J. (2011). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxious children: A manual for treating childhood anxiety. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications. Semple, R. J., & Lee, J. (2011). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxious children: A manual for treating childhood anxiety. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
go back to reference Semple, R. J., Lee, J., Rosa, D., & Miller, L. F. (2010). A randomized trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children: Promoting mindful attention to enhance social-emotional resiliency in children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 218–229. doi:10.1007/s10826-009-9301-y.CrossRef Semple, R. J., Lee, J., Rosa, D., & Miller, L. F. (2010). A randomized trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for children: Promoting mindful attention to enhance social-emotional resiliency in children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19, 218–229. doi:10.​1007/​s10826-009-9301-y.CrossRef
go back to reference Semple, R. J., Reid, E. F., & Miller, L. (2005). Treating anxiety with mindfulness: An open trial of mindfulness training for anxious children. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19(4), 379–392.CrossRef Semple, R. J., Reid, E. F., & Miller, L. (2005). Treating anxiety with mindfulness: An open trial of mindfulness training for anxious children. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19(4), 379–392.CrossRef
go back to reference Silverman, W. K., & Kurtines, W. M. (2001). Anxiety disorders. In J. N. Hughes, A. M. La Greca, & J. C. Conoley (Eds.), Handbook of psychological services for children and adolescents (pp. 225–244). New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRef Silverman, W. K., & Kurtines, W. M. (2001). Anxiety disorders. In J. N. Hughes, A. M. La Greca, & J. C. Conoley (Eds.), Handbook of psychological services for children and adolescents (pp. 225–244). New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal behavior. Acton, MA: Copley Publishing Group.CrossRef Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal behavior. Acton, MA: Copley Publishing Group.CrossRef
go back to reference Sobocki, P., Jonsson, B., Angst, J., & Rehnberg, C. (2006). Cost of depression in Europe. Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 9(2), 87–98.PubMed Sobocki, P., Jonsson, B., Angst, J., & Rehnberg, C. (2006). Cost of depression in Europe. Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 9(2), 87–98.PubMed
go back to reference Stone, L. L., Otten, R., Engels, R. C., Vermulst, A. A., & Janssens, J. M. (2010). Psychometric properties of the parent and teacher versions of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire for 4-to 12-year-olds: A review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 13(3), 254–274.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Stone, L. L., Otten, R., Engels, R. C., Vermulst, A. A., & Janssens, J. M. (2010). Psychometric properties of the parent and teacher versions of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire for 4-to 12-year-olds: A review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 13(3), 254–274.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference van de Weijer-Bergsma, E., Langenberg, G., Brandsma, R., Oort, F. J., & Bögels, S. M. (2014). The effectiveness of a school-based mindfulness training as a program to prevent stress in elementary school children. Mindfulness, 5(3), 238–248. van de Weijer-Bergsma, E., Langenberg, G., Brandsma, R., Oort, F. J., & Bögels, S. M. (2014). The effectiveness of a school-based mindfulness training as a program to prevent stress in elementary school children. Mindfulness, 5(3), 238–248.
go back to reference Van Roy, B., Veenstra, M., & Clench-Aas, J. (2008). Construct validity of the five-factor strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) in pre-, early, and late adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(12), 1304–1312.PubMedCrossRef Van Roy, B., Veenstra, M., & Clench-Aas, J. (2008). Construct validity of the five-factor strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) in pre-, early, and late adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(12), 1304–1312.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Weisz, J. R., McCarty, C. A., & Valeri, S. M. (2006). Effects of psychotherapy for depression in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(1), 132–149.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Weisz, J. R., McCarty, C. A., & Valeri, S. M. (2006). Effects of psychotherapy for depression in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(1), 132–149.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
go back to reference Wolff, J. C., & Ollendick, T. H. (2006). The comorbidity of conduct problems and depression in childhood and adolescence. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 9(3–4), 201–220.PubMedCrossRef Wolff, J. C., & Ollendick, T. H. (2006). The comorbidity of conduct problems and depression in childhood and adolescence. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 9(3–4), 201–220.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Zenner, C., Herrnleben-Kurz, S., & Walach, H. (2014). Mindfulness-based interventions in schools—A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in psychology: Educational psychology,. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00603. Zenner, C., Herrnleben-Kurz, S., & Walach, H. (2014). Mindfulness-based interventions in schools—A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in psychology: Educational psychology,. doi:10.​3389/​fpsyg.​2014.​00603.
go back to reference Zgambo, M., Kalembo, F., Guoping, H., & Honghong, W. (2012). Depression among Chinese children and adolescents: A review of the literature. International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, 3(4), 442–457.CrossRef Zgambo, M., Kalembo, F., Guoping, H., & Honghong, W. (2012). Depression among Chinese children and adolescents: A review of the literature. International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, 3(4), 442–457.CrossRef
go back to reference Zoogman, S., Goldberg, S. B., Hoyt, W. T., & Miller, L. (2014). Mindfulness interventions with youth: A meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 6, 290–302.CrossRef Zoogman, S., Goldberg, S. B., Hoyt, W. T., & Miller, L. (2014). Mindfulness interventions with youth: A meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 6, 290–302.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
School-Based Cognitive Mindfulness Intervention for Internalizing Problems: Pilot Study with Hong Kong Elementary Students
Auteur
Kanei Lam
Publicatiedatum
02-07-2016
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 11/2016
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0483-9

Andere artikelen Uitgave 11/2016

Journal of Child and Family Studies 11/2016 Naar de uitgave