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07-10-2022 | Original Article

Schema-Driven Involuntary Categoric Memory in Depression

Auteurs: Noboru Matsumoto, Lynn Ann Watson, Kei Kuratomi

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 1/2023

Abstract

Background

Overgeneral categoric memory is known as a vulnerability factor for depression, yet increased retrieval of categoric memories among depressed individuals has been observed in voluntary but not involuntary retrieval tasks. Here we propose that, increased categoric memory occurs during involuntary memory tasks when cued by schema-related stimuli, which tend to activate dysfunctional and negative self-schema in depression.

Methods

A vigilance task measuring involuntary memory was administered to 27 dysphoric, 26 past depressed, and 27 healthy control participants. Participants also responded to several questions measuring each memory characteristic (e.g., evoked emotion) and a dysfunctional schema scale.

Results

Results supported the hypothesis that dysphoric and past depressed groups reported more involuntary categoric memories for schema-related (particularly negative) stimuli relative to a healthy control group. Dysfunctional schema score was positively correlated with the number of involuntary categoric memories retrieved following schema-related negative stimuli. Involuntary categoric memory for schema-related stimuli was related to negative evoked emotion, and dysphoric participants experienced more negative emotion in response to positive stimuli.

Discussion and Conclusion

These findings suggest that schema-based involuntary categoric memory may be vulnerable to the persistence and relapse of depression.

vorige artikel Cognitive Reactivity Amplifies the Activation and Development of Negative Self-schema: A Revised Mnemic Neglect Paradigm and Computational Modelling

volgende artikel Distinguishing the Dimensions of the Original Dysfunctional Attitude Scale in an Archival Clinical Sample

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In a supplementary file, we noted the results of linear mixed model for evoked emotion as a reference for readers.

There was an observable group difference in the number of specific memories in the schema-unrelated condition. However, a two-way ANOVA failed to detect any significant group differences. While additional analyses of group differences in specific memory in the schema-unrelated condition were also nonsignificant moderate effect sizes were observed between the dysphoric and control group (Ms = 6.33 vs. 2.93, p = .09, d = 0.65) and remitted MDE group and control group (Ms = 5.39 vs. 2.93, p = .24, d = 0.47). In addition, self-reflections of some participants in the dysphoric and past MDE groups reported that they could not ignore the sentences and thus images and thoughts popped into mind. These findings potentially support the lack of cognitive inhibition hypothesis of involuntary memory (Barzykowski et al., 2019a, 2019b), which is worthy of further exploration.

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Titel: Schema-Driven Involuntary Categoric Memory in Depression
Auteurs: Noboru Matsumoto
Lynn Ann Watson
Kei Kuratomi
Publicatiedatum: 07-10-2022
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 1/2023
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-022-10329-6

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The Beliefs About Memory Inventory (BAMI) and Its Ability to Predict Compulsive Checking

Cognitive Reactivity Amplifies the Activation and Development of Negative Self-schema: A Revised Mnemic Neglect Paradigm and Computational Modelling

Distinguishing the Dimensions of the Original Dysfunctional Attitude Scale in an Archival Clinical Sample

The Impact of Emotion Regulation on the Relationship Between Momentary Negative Affect and End-of-Day Worry and Rumination

Habit Reversal Training and Variants of Decoupling for Use in Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors. A Randomized Controlled Trial