Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 1/2016

07-07-2015

Safety Behaviors and Social Anxiety: An Examination of the Social Phobia Safety Behaviours Scale

Auteurs: Nancy L. Kocovski, Meagan B. MacKenzie, Jenna J. Albiani, Susan R. Battista, Sheena Noel, Jan E. Fleming, Martin M. Antony

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 1/2016

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

The Social Phobia Safety Behaviours Scale (SPSBS) is a measure designed to identify and assess safety behavior use. The current study is the first to evaluate the psychometric properties of the English SPSBS. Using four samples (N = 725), the component structure, validity, and ability of the SPSBS to function as a state measure were examined. The results of the principal component analyses suggest that the SPSBS is a two-component measure, consisting of an inhibitory behavior component and a management of physical symptoms component, and the scale has good internal consistency. The SPSBS also showed good concurrent validity in both clinical and nonclinical samples. Moreover, there was evidence to suggest that the SPSBS is an accurate measure of situational use of safety behaviors as compared to observers’ ratings. The results of this investigation show that the SPSBS is a useful tool for the identification and measurement of safety behaviors.
Voetnoten
1
All analyses involving the SIAS in the present research were conducted with both the full 20-item version and the 17-item straightforward version (see Rodebaugh et al. 2007, 2011) with no differences.
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the beck depression inventory-II. San Antonio: Pearson Assessment. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the beck depression inventory-II. San Antonio: Pearson Assessment.
go back to reference Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M. Liebowitz, D. Hope, & F. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69–93). New York: Guilford Press. Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M. Liebowitz, D. Hope, & F. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69–93). New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Clark, D. M., Butler, G., Fennell, M. J. U., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., & Wells, A. (1995). Social Behaviour Questionnaire. Unpublished scale. Clark, D. M., Butler, G., Fennell, M. J. U., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., & Wells, A. (1995). Social Behaviour Questionnaire. Unpublished scale.
go back to reference Connor, K. M., Davidson, J. R., Churchill, L. E., Sherwood, A., Weisler, R. H., & Foa, E. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN): New self-rating scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 379–386.CrossRefPubMed Connor, K. M., Davidson, J. R., Churchill, L. E., Sherwood, A., Weisler, R. H., & Foa, E. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN): New self-rating scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 379–386.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cuming, S., Rapee, R. M., Kemp, N., Abbott, M. J., Peters, L., & Gaston, J. E. (2009). A self-report measure of subtle avoidance and safety behaviors relevant to social anxiety: Development and psychometric properties. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 879–883.CrossRefPubMed Cuming, S., Rapee, R. M., Kemp, N., Abbott, M. J., Peters, L., & Gaston, J. E. (2009). A self-report measure of subtle avoidance and safety behaviors relevant to social anxiety: Development and psychometric properties. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 879–883.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 20–35.CrossRefPubMed Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 20–35.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Garcia-Palacios, A., & Botella, C. (2003). The effects of dropping in-situation safety behaviors in the treatment of social phobia. Behavioral Interventions, 18, 23–33.CrossRef Garcia-Palacios, A., & Botella, C. (2003). The effects of dropping in-situation safety behaviors in the treatment of social phobia. Behavioral Interventions, 18, 23–33.CrossRef
go back to reference Grant, D. M., & Beck, J. G. (2006). Attentional biases in social anxiety and dysphoria: Does comorbidity make a difference? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20, 520–529.CrossRefPubMed Grant, D. M., & Beck, J. G. (2006). Attentional biases in social anxiety and dysphoria: Does comorbidity make a difference? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20, 520–529.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Heimberg, R. G., Mueller, G. P., Holt, C. S., Hope, D. A., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1992). Assessment of anxiety in social interaction and being observed by others: The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale. Behavior Therapy, 23, 53–73.CrossRef Heimberg, R. G., Mueller, G. P., Holt, C. S., Hope, D. A., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1992). Assessment of anxiety in social interaction and being observed by others: The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale. Behavior Therapy, 23, 53–73.CrossRef
go back to reference Hofmann, S. G., & DiBartolo, P. M. (2000). An instrument to assess self-statements during public speaking: Scale development and preliminary psychometric properties. Behavior Therapy, 31, 499–515.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hofmann, S. G., & DiBartolo, P. M. (2000). An instrument to assess self-statements during public speaking: Scale development and preliminary psychometric properties. Behavior Therapy, 31, 499–515.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Kim, E. J. (2005). The effect of the decreased safety behaviors on anxiety and negative thoughts in social phobics. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 69–86.CrossRefPubMed Kim, E. J. (2005). The effect of the decreased safety behaviors on anxiety and negative thoughts in social phobics. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 69–86.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kocovski, N. L., & Rector, N. A. (2007). Predictors of post-event rumination related to social anxiety. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 36, 112–122.CrossRefPubMed Kocovski, N. L., & Rector, N. A. (2007). Predictors of post-event rumination related to social anxiety. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 36, 112–122.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Huta, V., & Antony, M. M. (2013). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy versus traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 889–898.CrossRefPubMed Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Huta, V., & Antony, M. M. (2013). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy versus traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 889–898.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference MacKenzie, M. B., & Kocovski, N. L. (2010). Self-reported acceptance of social anxiety symptoms: Development and validation of the Social Anxiety-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 6, 214–232.CrossRef MacKenzie, M. B., & Kocovski, N. L. (2010). Self-reported acceptance of social anxiety symptoms: Development and validation of the Social Anxiety-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 6, 214–232.CrossRef
go back to reference MacKenzie, M. B., Kocovski, N. L., Blackie, R. A., Carrique, L., Fleming, J. E., & Antony, M. M. (2014). Development of a brief version of the Social Anxiety - Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Manuscript submitted for publication. MacKenzie, M. B., Kocovski, N. L., Blackie, R. A., Carrique, L., Fleming, J. E., & Antony, M. M. (2014). Development of a brief version of the Social Anxiety - Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Manuscript submitted for publication.
go back to reference Mattick, R. M., & Clarke, C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny, fear, and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 455–470.CrossRefPubMed Mattick, R. M., & Clarke, C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny, fear, and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 455–470.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference McManus, F., Sacadura, C., & Clark, D. M. (2008). Why social anxiety persists: An experimental investigation of the role of safety behaviours as a maintaining factor. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39, 147–161.CrossRefPubMed McManus, F., Sacadura, C., & Clark, D. M. (2008). Why social anxiety persists: An experimental investigation of the role of safety behaviours as a maintaining factor. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39, 147–161.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Meng, X.-L., Rosenthal, R., & Rubin, D. B. (1992). Comparing correlated correlation coefficients. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 172.CrossRef Meng, X.-L., Rosenthal, R., & Rubin, D. B. (1992). Comparing correlated correlation coefficients. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 172.CrossRef
go back to reference Morgan, H., & Raffle, C. (1999). Does reducing safety behaviours improve treatment response in patients with social phobia? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 503–510.CrossRefPubMed Morgan, H., & Raffle, C. (1999). Does reducing safety behaviours improve treatment response in patients with social phobia? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 503–510.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Pinto-Gouveia, J., Cunha, M. I., & do Céu Salvador, M. (2003). Assessment of social phobia by self-report questionnaires: The Social Interaction Scale and the Social Phobia Safety Behaviours Scale. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 31, 291–311.CrossRef Pinto-Gouveia, J., Cunha, M. I., & do Céu Salvador, M. (2003). Assessment of social phobia by self-report questionnaires: The Social Interaction Scale and the Social Phobia Safety Behaviours Scale. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 31, 291–311.CrossRef
go back to reference Reise, S. P., Waller, N. G., & Comrey, A. L. (2000). Factor analysis and scale revision. Psychological Assessment, 12, 287–297.CrossRefPubMed Reise, S. P., Waller, N. G., & Comrey, A. L. (2000). Factor analysis and scale revision. Psychological Assessment, 12, 287–297.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Salkovskis, P. M. (1991). The importance of behaviour in the maintenance of anxiety and panic: A cognitive account. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 19, 6–19.CrossRef Salkovskis, P. M. (1991). The importance of behaviour in the maintenance of anxiety and panic: A cognitive account. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 19, 6–19.CrossRef
go back to reference Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: A unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behavior Therapy, 43, 518–532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.004.CrossRefPubMed Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: A unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behavior Therapy, 43, 518–532. doi:10.​1016/​j.​beth.​2012.​02.​004.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Taylor, C. T., & Alden, L. E. (2010). Safety behaviors and judgmental biases in social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 226–237.CrossRefPubMed Taylor, C. T., & Alden, L. E. (2010). Safety behaviors and judgmental biases in social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 226–237.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Taylor, C. T., & Alden, L. E. (2011). To see ourselves as others see us: An experimental integration of the intra and interpersonal consequences of self-protection in social anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 129–141. doi:10.1037/a0022127.CrossRefPubMed Taylor, C. T., & Alden, L. E. (2011). To see ourselves as others see us: An experimental integration of the intra and interpersonal consequences of self-protection in social anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 129–141. doi:10.​1037/​a0022127.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Wells, A., Clark, D. M., Salkovskis, P., Ludgate, J., Hackmann, A., & Gelder, M. (1995). Social phobia: The role of in-situation safety behaviors in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs. Behavior Therapy, 26, 153–161.CrossRef Wells, A., Clark, D. M., Salkovskis, P., Ludgate, J., Hackmann, A., & Gelder, M. (1995). Social phobia: The role of in-situation safety behaviors in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs. Behavior Therapy, 26, 153–161.CrossRef
go back to reference Woody, S. R. (1996). Effects of focus of attention on anxiety levels and social performance of individuals with social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 61–69.CrossRefPubMed Woody, S. R. (1996). Effects of focus of attention on anxiety levels and social performance of individuals with social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 61–69.CrossRefPubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
Safety Behaviors and Social Anxiety: An Examination of the Social Phobia Safety Behaviours Scale
Auteurs
Nancy L. Kocovski
Meagan B. MacKenzie
Jenna J. Albiani
Susan R. Battista
Sheena Noel
Jan E. Fleming
Martin M. Antony
Publicatiedatum
07-07-2015
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 1/2016
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-015-9498-6

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2016

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 1/2016 Naar de uitgave