Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

Gepubliceerd in:

07-07-2015

Safety Behaviors and Social Anxiety: An Examination of the Social Phobia Safety Behaviours Scale

Auteurs: Nancy L. Kocovski, Meagan B. MacKenzie, Jenna J. Albiani, Susan R. Battista, Sheena Noel, Jan E. Fleming, Martin M. Antony

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 1/2016

Abstract

The Social Phobia Safety Behaviours Scale (SPSBS) is a measure designed to identify and assess safety behavior use. The current study is the first to evaluate the psychometric properties of the English SPSBS. Using four samples (N = 725), the component structure, validity, and ability of the SPSBS to function as a state measure were examined. The results of the principal component analyses suggest that the SPSBS is a two-component measure, consisting of an inhibitory behavior component and a management of physical symptoms component, and the scale has good internal consistency. The SPSBS also showed good concurrent validity in both clinical and nonclinical samples. Moreover, there was evidence to suggest that the SPSBS is an accurate measure of situational use of safety behaviors as compared to observers’ ratings. The results of this investigation show that the SPSBS is a useful tool for the identification and measurement of safety behaviors.

vorige artikel The Co-Development of Parenting Stress and Childhood Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

volgende artikel Impulsivity and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Examining the Role of Affect Manipulation

All analyses involving the SIAS in the present research were conducted with both the full 20-item version and the 17-item straightforward version (see Rodebaugh et al. 2007, 2011) with no differences.

Alden, L. E., & Taylor, C. T. (2011). Relational treatment strategies increase social approach behaviors in patients with Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 309–318. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.10.003.CrossRefPubMed

Antony, M. M., Coons, M. J., McCabe, R. E., Ashbaugh, A., & Swinson, R. P. (2006). Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory: Further evaluation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1177–1185. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.08.013.CrossRefPubMed

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the beck depression inventory-II. San Antonio: Pearson Assessment.

Burato, K. R. S., Crippa, J. A. S., & Loureiro, S. R. (2009). Validity and reliability of the Social Phobia Safety Behaviour Scale in Social anxiety. Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica, 36, 175–181. doi:10.1590/S0101-60832009000500001.CrossRef

Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M. Liebowitz, D. Hope, & F. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69–93). New York: Guilford Press.

Clark, D. M., Butler, G., Fennell, M. J. U., Hackmann, A., McManus, F., & Wells, A. (1995). Social Behaviour Questionnaire. Unpublished scale.

Connor, K. M., Davidson, J. R., Churchill, L. E., Sherwood, A., Weisler, R. H., & Foa, E. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN): New self-rating scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 379–386.CrossRefPubMed

Cuming, S., Rapee, R. M., Kemp, N., Abbott, M. J., Peters, L., & Gaston, J. E. (2009). A self-report measure of subtle avoidance and safety behaviors relevant to social anxiety: Development and psychometric properties. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 879–883.CrossRefPubMed

Endler, N. S., Edwards, J. M., Vitelli, R., & Parker, J. D. A. (1989). Assessment of state and trait anxiety: Endler multidimensional anxiety scales. Anxiety Research, 2, 1–14. doi:10.1080/08917778908249322.CrossRef

Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 20–35.CrossRefPubMed

Garcia-Palacios, A., & Botella, C. (2003). The effects of dropping in-situation safety behaviors in the treatment of social phobia. Behavioral Interventions, 18, 23–33.CrossRef

Grant, D. M., & Beck, J. G. (2006). Attentional biases in social anxiety and dysphoria: Does comorbidity make a difference? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20, 520–529.CrossRefPubMed

Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348–362. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348.CrossRefPubMed

Heimberg, R. G., Mueller, G. P., Holt, C. S., Hope, D. A., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1992). Assessment of anxiety in social interaction and being observed by others: The Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale. Behavior Therapy, 23, 53–73.CrossRef

Hirsch, C., Meynen, T., & Clark, D. (2004). Negative self‐imagery in social anxiety contaminates social interactions. Memory, 12, 496–506. doi:10.1080/09658210444000106.CrossRefPubMed

Hofmann, S. G. (2007). Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: A comprehensive model and its treatment implications. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 36(4), 193–209. doi:10.1080/16506070701421313.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hofmann, S. G., & DiBartolo, P. M. (2000). An instrument to assess self-statements during public speaking: Scale development and preliminary psychometric properties. Behavior Therapy, 31, 499–515.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kim, E. J. (2005). The effect of the decreased safety behaviors on anxiety and negative thoughts in social phobics. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 69–86.CrossRefPubMed

Kocovski, N. L., & Rector, N. A. (2007). Predictors of post-event rumination related to social anxiety. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 36, 112–122.CrossRefPubMed

Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Huta, V., & Antony, M. M. (2013). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy versus traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 889–898.CrossRefPubMed

MacKenzie, M. B., & Kocovski, N. L. (2010). Self-reported acceptance of social anxiety symptoms: Development and validation of the Social Anxiety-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 6, 214–232.CrossRef

MacKenzie, M. B., Kocovski, N. L., Blackie, R. A., Carrique, L., Fleming, J. E., & Antony, M. M. (2014). Development of a brief version of the Social Anxiety - Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Manuscript submitted for publication.

Marks, I. M., & Mathews, A. M. (1979). Brief standard self-rating for phobic patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 17, 263–267. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(79)90041-X.CrossRefPubMed

Mattick, R. M., & Clarke, C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny, fear, and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 455–470.CrossRefPubMed

McManus, F., Sacadura, C., & Clark, D. M. (2008). Why social anxiety persists: An experimental investigation of the role of safety behaviours as a maintaining factor. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39, 147–161.CrossRefPubMed

Meng, X.-L., Rosenthal, R., & Rubin, D. B. (1992). Comparing correlated correlation coefficients. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 172.CrossRef

Mitchell, M. A., & Schmidt, N. B. (2014). General in-situation safety behaviors are uniquely associated with post-event processing. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45, 229–233. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.11.001.CrossRefPubMed

Morgan, H., & Raffle, C. (1999). Does reducing safety behaviours improve treatment response in patients with social phobia? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 503–510.CrossRefPubMed

Oei, T. P., Moylan, A., & Evans, L. (1991). Validity and clinical utility of the Fear Questionnaire for anxiety-disorder patients. Psychological Assessment, 3, 391–397. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.3.3.391.CrossRef

Pinto-Gouveia, J., Cunha, M. I., & do Céu Salvador, M. (2003). Assessment of social phobia by self-report questionnaires: The Social Interaction Scale and the Social Phobia Safety Behaviours Scale. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 31, 291–311.CrossRef

Plasencia, M. L., Alden, L. E., & Taylor, C. T. (2011). Differential effects of safety behaviour subtypes in social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 665–675. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.07.005.CrossRefPubMed

Rachman, S., Radomsky, A. S., & Shafran, R. (2008). Safety behaviour: A reconsideration. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 163–173. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.11.008.CrossRefPubMed

Rapee, R. M., Craske, M. G., Brown, T. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1996). Measurement of perceived control over anxiety-related events. Behavior Therapy, 27, 279–293. doi:10.1016/S0005-7894(96)80018-9.CrossRef

Reise, S. P., Waller, N. G., & Comrey, A. L. (2000). Factor analysis and scale revision. Psychological Assessment, 12, 287–297.CrossRefPubMed

Rodebaugh, T. L., Woods, C. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2007). The reverse of social anxiety is not always the opposite: The reverse-scored items of the social interaction anxiety scale do not belong. Behavior Therapy, 38, 192–206. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.08.001.CrossRefPubMed

Rodebaugh, T. L., Heimberg, R. G., Brown, P. J., Fernandez, K. C., Blanco, C., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2011). More reasons to be straightforward: Findings and norms for two scales relevant to social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 623–630. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.02.002.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Salkovskis, P. M. (1991). The importance of behaviour in the maintenance of anxiety and panic: A cognitive account. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 19, 6–19.CrossRef

Schmidt, N. B., Buckner, J. D., Pusser, A., Woolaway-Bickel, K., Preston, J. L., & Norr, A. (2012). Randomized controlled trial of false safety behavior elimination therapy: A unified cognitive behavioral treatment for anxiety psychopathology. Behavior Therapy, 43, 518–532. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.004.CrossRefPubMed

Taylor, C. T., & Alden, L. E. (2010). Safety behaviors and judgmental biases in social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 226–237.CrossRefPubMed

Taylor, C. T., & Alden, L. E. (2011). To see ourselves as others see us: An experimental integration of the intra and interpersonal consequences of self-protection in social anxiety disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 129–141. doi:10.1037/a0022127.CrossRefPubMed

Wells, A., Clark, D. M., Salkovskis, P., Ludgate, J., Hackmann, A., & Gelder, M. (1995). Social phobia: The role of in-situation safety behaviors in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs. Behavior Therapy, 26, 153–161.CrossRef

Woody, S. R. (1996). Effects of focus of attention on anxiety levels and social performance of individuals with social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 61–69.CrossRefPubMed

Zebb, B. J., & Moore, M. C. (1999). Another look at the psychometric properties of the Anxiety Control Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 1091–1103. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00206-X.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Safety Behaviors and Social Anxiety: An Examination of the Social Phobia Safety Behaviours Scale
Auteurs: Nancy L. Kocovski
Meagan B. MacKenzie
Jenna J. Albiani
Susan R. Battista
Sheena Noel
Jan E. Fleming
Martin M. Antony
Publicatiedatum: 07-07-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 1/2016
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-015-9498-6

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2016

Aberrant Parasympathetic Stress Responsivity in Pure and Co-Occurring Major Depressive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Open Access

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Safety Behaviors and Social Anxiety: An Examination of the Social Phobia Safety Behaviours Scale

Abstract

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2016

Aberrant Parasympathetic Stress Responsivity in Pure and Co-Occurring Major Depressive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Is the Divide a Chasm?: Bridging Affective Science with Clinical Practice

Rumination and Cognitive Distraction in Major Depressive Disorder: an Examination of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia

The Co-Development of Parenting Stress and Childhood Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

Assessment of Anxiety in Older Adults: Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the German Version of the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS)

Weekly Fluctuations in Nonjudging Predict Borderline Personality Disorder Feature Expression in Women

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Aberrant Parasympathetic Stress Responsivity in Pure and Co-Occurring Major Depressive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Is the Divide a Chasm?: Bridging Affective Science with Clinical Practice

Rumination and Cognitive Distraction in Major Depressive Disorder: an Examination of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia

The Co-Development of Parenting Stress and Childhood Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

Assessment of Anxiety in Older Adults: Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the German Version of the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS)

Weekly Fluctuations in Nonjudging Predict Borderline Personality Disorder Feature Expression in Women