Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

01-06-2018 | Empirical Research

Safe Schools? Transgender Youth’s School Experiences and Perceptions of School Climate

Auteurs: Jack K. Day, Amaya Perez-Brumer, Stephen T. Russell

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 8/2018

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

The magnitude of gender identity-related disparities in school-based outcomes is unknown because of a lack of representative studies that include measures of gender identity. By utilizing a representative sample generalizable to a broader population, this study elucidates the size of gender identity-related disparities, independent of sexual orientation, in school experiences associated with school connectedness and perceptions of school climate. Additionally, the inclusion of and comparison to results of a large non-representative sample allows for more direct comparisons to previous studies of the school experiences of transgender youth. The analyses in this study primarily draw on a sample of 31,896 youth representative of the middle and high school population in California who participated in the 2013–2015 California Student Survey (a subsample of the California Healthy Kids Survey, which includes the largest known sample of transgender youth). Over half the sample identified their sex as female (51.3%), and 398 identified as transgender (1.0%). The sample was racially and ethnically diverse: 30.7% identified as multiracial, 33.0% as White, 11.1% as Asian, 7.4% as Black, and 52.9% as Hispanic. Findings from multilevel analyses show that relative to non-transgender youth, transgender youth were more likely to be truant from school, to experience victimization and bias-based bullying, and to report more negative perceptions of school climate, though did not differ in self-reported grades. The findings have implications for improving school policies and practices to create safer and more supportive school climates for all youth.
Literatuur
go back to reference Austin, G., Bates, S., & Duerr, M. (2015a). Guidebook for the California Healthy Kids Survey part II: data use and dissemination (2013-14 Edition). San Francisco, CA: WestEd. http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED486326. Austin, G., Bates, S., & Duerr, M. (2015a). Guidebook for the California Healthy Kids Survey part II: data use and dissemination (2013-14 Edition). San Francisco, CA: WestEd. http://​eric.​ed.​gov/​?​id=​ED486326.​
go back to reference Austin, G., Bates, S., & Duerr, M. (2015b). Guidebook to the California Healthy Kids Survey part II: Survey content core module (2013-14 edition). San Francisco, CA: WestEd. http://surveydata.wested.org/resources/chks_guidebook_2_coremodules.pdf. Austin, G., Bates, S., & Duerr, M. (2015b). Guidebook to the California Healthy Kids Survey part II: Survey content core module (2013-14 edition). San Francisco, CA: WestEd. http://​surveydata.​wested.​org/​resources/​chks_​guidebook_​2_​coremodules.​pdf.​
go back to reference Austin, G., Polik, J., Hanson, T., & Zheng, C. (2016). School climate, substance use, and student well-being in California, 2013-2015. Results of the fifteenth Biennial Statewide Student Survey, Grades 7, 9, and 11. San Francisco, CA: WestEd Health & Human Development Program. Austin, G., Polik, J., Hanson, T., & Zheng, C. (2016). School climate, substance use, and student well-being in California, 2013-2015. Results of the fifteenth Biennial Statewide Student Survey, Grades 7, 9, and 11. San Francisco, CA: WestEd Health & Human Development Program.
go back to reference Blum, R. W. (2005). A case for school connectedness. Educational Leadership, 62(7), 16–20. Blum, R. W. (2005). A case for school connectedness. Educational Leadership, 62(7), 16–20.
go back to reference Diaz, E. M., Kosciw, J. G., & Greytak, E. A. (2010). School connectedness for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth: In-school victimization and institutional supports. The Prevention Researcher, 17(3), 15–18. Diaz, E. M., Kosciw, J. G., & Greytak, E. A. (2010). School connectedness for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth: In-school victimization and institutional supports. The Prevention Researcher, 17(3), 15–18.
go back to reference Enders, C. K. (2010). Applied missing data analysis. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Enders, C. K. (2010). Applied missing data analysis. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
go back to reference The GenIUSS group. (2013). Gender-related measures overview. University of California, Los Angeles: The Williams Institute. The GenIUSS group. (2013). Gender-related measures overview. University of California, Los Angeles: The Williams Institute.
go back to reference Greytak, E.A., Kosciw, J.G., & Diaz, E.M. (2009). Harsh realities: the experiences of transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: GLSEN. Greytak, E.A., Kosciw, J.G., & Diaz, E.M. (2009). Harsh realities: the experiences of transgender youth in our nation’s schools. New York: GLSEN.
go back to reference Greytak, E. A., Kosciw, J. G., Villenas, C., & Giga, N. M. (2016). From teasing to torment: School climate revisited, a survey of U.S. secondary school students and teachers. New York: GLSEN. Greytak, E. A., Kosciw, J. G., Villenas, C., & Giga, N. M. (2016). From teasing to torment: School climate revisited, a survey of U.S. secondary school students and teachers. New York: GLSEN.
go back to reference Guss, C. E., Williams, D. N., Reisner, S. L., Austin, S. B., & Katz-Wise, S. L. (2017). Disordered weight management behaviors, nonprescription steroid use, and weight perception in transgender youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60(1), 17–22.CrossRefPubMed Guss, C. E., Williams, D. N., Reisner, S. L., Austin, S. B., & Katz-Wise, S. L. (2017). Disordered weight management behaviors, nonprescription steroid use, and weight perception in transgender youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60(1), 17–22.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kosciw, J. G., Greytak, E. A., Giga, N. M., Villenas, C., & Danischewski, D. J. (2016). The 2015 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer youth in our nation’s schools. New York: GLSEN. Kosciw, J. G., Greytak, E. A., Giga, N. M., Villenas, C., & Danischewski, D. J. (2016). The 2015 National School Climate Survey: The experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer youth in our nation’s schools. New York: GLSEN.
go back to reference Lessne, D., & Cidade, M. (2015). Student reports of bullying and cyber-bullying: results from the 2013 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey. (No. NCES 2015-056). National Center for Education Statistics. http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED545100. Accessed Apr 2017. Lessne, D., & Cidade, M. (2015). Student reports of bullying and cyber-bullying: results from the 2013 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey. (No. NCES 2015-056). National Center for Education Statistics. http://​eric.​ed.​gov/​?​id=​ED545100. Accessed Apr 2017.
go back to reference Olson-Kennedy, J. (2016). Mental health disparities among transgender youth: Rethinking the role of professionals. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(5), 423–424.CrossRefPubMed Olson-Kennedy, J. (2016). Mental health disparities among transgender youth: Rethinking the role of professionals. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(5), 423–424.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Perez-Brumer, A., Day, J. K., Russell, S. T., & Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among transgender youth in California: Findings from a representative, population-based sample of high school students. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(9), 739–746.CrossRefPubMed Perez-Brumer, A., Day, J. K., Russell, S. T., & Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among transgender youth in California: Findings from a representative, population-based sample of high school students. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(9), 739–746.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Reisner, S. L., Conron, K. J., Tardiff, L. A., Jarvi, S., Gordon, A. R., & Austin, S. B. (2014). Monitoring the health of transgender and other gender minority populations: validity of natal sex and gender identity survey items in a US national cohort of young adults. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 1.CrossRef Reisner, S. L., Conron, K. J., Tardiff, L. A., Jarvi, S., Gordon, A. R., & Austin, S. B. (2014). Monitoring the health of transgender and other gender minority populations: validity of natal sex and gender identity survey items in a US national cohort of young adults. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 1.CrossRef
go back to reference Reisner, S. L., Greytak, E. A., Parsons, J. T., & Ybarra, M. L. (2015). Gender minority social stress in adolescence: disparities in adolescent bullying and substance use by gender identity. The Journal of Sex Research, 52(3), 243–256.CrossRefPubMed Reisner, S. L., Greytak, E. A., Parsons, J. T., & Ybarra, M. L. (2015). Gender minority social stress in adolescence: disparities in adolescent bullying and substance use by gender identity. The Journal of Sex Research, 52(3), 243–256.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Reisner, S. L., Vetters, R., Leclerc, M., Zaslow, S., Wolfrum, S., Shumer, D., & Mimiaga, M. J. (2015). Mental health of transgender youth in care at an adolescent urban community center: a matched retrospective cohort study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(3), 274–279.CrossRefPubMed Reisner, S. L., Vetters, R., Leclerc, M., Zaslow, S., Wolfrum, S., Shumer, D., & Mimiaga, M. J. (2015). Mental health of transgender youth in care at an adolescent urban community center: a matched retrospective cohort study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(3), 274–279.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Russell, S. T., Kosciw, J., Horn, S., & Saewyc, E. (2010). Safe schools policy for LGBTQ students. Society for Research in Child Development, 24(4):1–17. Russell, S. T., Kosciw, J., Horn, S., & Saewyc, E. (2010). Safe schools policy for LGBTQ students. Society for Research in Child Development, 24(4):1–17.
go back to reference Russell, S. T., Sinclair, K. O., Poteat, V. P., & Koenig, B. W. (2012). Adolescent health and harassment based on discriminatory bias. Research and Practice, 102(3), 493–495. Russell, S. T., Sinclair, K. O., Poteat, V. P., & Koenig, B. W. (2012). Adolescent health and harassment based on discriminatory bias. Research and Practice, 102(3), 493–495.
go back to reference Saewyc, E., & Homma, Y. (2017). School safety and connectedness matter for more than educational outcomes: The link between school connectedness and adolescent health. In S. T. Russell & S. S. Horn (Eds.), Sexual orientation, gender identity, and schooling: The nexus of research, practice, and policy (pp. 39–57). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Saewyc, E., & Homma, Y. (2017). School safety and connectedness matter for more than educational outcomes: The link between school connectedness and adolescent health. In S. T. Russell & S. S. Horn (Eds.), Sexual orientation, gender identity, and schooling: The nexus of research, practice, and policy (pp. 39–57). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Snapp, S. D., Hoenig, J. M., Fields, A., & Russell, S. T. (2015). Messy, Butch, and Queer LGBTQ Youth and the School-to-Prison Pipeline. Journal of Adolescent Research, 30(1), 57–82.CrossRef Snapp, S. D., Hoenig, J. M., Fields, A., & Russell, S. T. (2015). Messy, Butch, and Queer LGBTQ Youth and the School-to-Prison Pipeline. Journal of Adolescent Research, 30(1), 57–82.CrossRef
go back to reference StataCorp. (2015). Stata statistical software: Release 14. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP. StataCorp. (2015). Stata statistical software: Release 14. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
Metagegevens
Titel
Safe Schools? Transgender Youth’s School Experiences and Perceptions of School Climate
Auteurs
Jack K. Day
Amaya Perez-Brumer
Stephen T. Russell
Publicatiedatum
01-06-2018
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 8/2018
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0866-x

Andere artikelen Uitgave 8/2018

Journal of Youth and Adolescence 8/2018 Naar de uitgave