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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

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01-10-2008

Rumination in Response to Stress as a Common Vulnerability Factor to Depression and Substance Misuse in Adolescence

Auteurs: Steven A. Skitch, John R. Z. Abela

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 7/2008

Abstract

The current study examined rumination in response to stress as a common vulnerability factor to both depression and substance use problems in adolescence. Specifically, we used a multi-wave longitudinal design to examine whether adolescents who tend to ruminate in response to stress exhibit increases in depressive symptoms and substance misuse following the occurrence of negative events. At time 1, adolescents (n = 161) completed measures assessing depressive symptoms, substance misuse, and the tendency to ruminate in response to stress. Every 6 weeks for the next 18 weeks participants completed measures assessing the occurrence of negative events, depressive symptoms, and substance misuse. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that adolescents who tend to ruminate in response to stress report greater elevations in depressive symptoms and substance misuse following elevations in negative events than other adolescents. The relationship between rumination, negative events, and substance misuse was moderated by age. Support was not obtained for fluctuations in depressive symptoms as a mediator of the relationship between negative events and substance misuse. Fluctuations in negative affect, however, were found to mediate this relationship.

vorige artikel Depressed Adolescents and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders: Are There Differences in the Presentation of Depression?

volgende artikel Severe Life Events and Chronic Adversities as Antecedents to Anxiety in Children: A Matched Control Study

In the current manuscript the terms substance use problems and substance misuse will be used interchangeably to refer to both clinical symptoms of DSM-IV substance use disorders and subthreshold symptoms that arise as a consequences of hazardous substance use. Research indicates that a large proportion of adolescents experience negative consequences as a result of excessive substance use that do not meet criteria for substance abuse or dependence, but nonetheless cause significant distress and impairment (Lewinsohn et al. 2004; Zoccolillo et al. 1999).

Comparison demographic data was obtained by from census data obtained by Statistics Canada for the greater Montreal area. Retrieved December 16th, 2007 from http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=462__&Geo2=PR&Code2=24&Data=Count&SearchText=montreal&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=.

The consumption and negative consequences subscale of the SMSM were examined separately in supplementary analyses. In all cases, similar patterns of significant findings were obtained as compared to those obtained when the composite substance misuse severity measure was employed as the dependent variable. For the sake of parsimony and to provide a comprehensive assessment of a spectrum of substance use problems, results are reported for the composite measure. Additional details regarding these analyses are available by contacting the lead author.

We also conducted supplementary analyses to account for the possible correlation in response variables between adolescents from the same school. Specifically, we specified models which included the following random effects components: random effects for adolescents (RE_PARTICIPANT; random intercept) nested within schools (RE_SCHOOL; random intercept), a random effect for slope (RE_SLOPE), and an autoregressive covariance parameter. In all analyses, the RE_SCHOOL parameter was not significant. In addition, inclusion of the RE_SCHOOL parameter did not change the pattern of significant findings in any analysis. For the sake of parsimony models are presented without the inclusion of RE_SCHOOL.

Exploratory analyses were conducted to examine fluctuations in substance misuse as a mediator of the relationship between fluctuations in negative events and negative mood symptoms. Of primary importance, results were identical to those obtained when examining substance misuse as a mediator of the relationship between fluctuations in negative events and total depressive symptoms. Additional details regarding these analyses are available by contacting the lead author.

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Titel: Rumination in Response to Stress as a Common Vulnerability Factor to Depression and Substance Misuse in Adolescence
Auteurs: Steven A. Skitch
John R. Z. Abela
Publicatiedatum: 01-10-2008
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 7/2008
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-008-9233-9

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