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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

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01-10-2013

Reward Dysregulation and Mood Symptoms in an Adolescent Outpatient Sample

Auteurs: June Gruber, Kirsten E. Gilbert, Eric Youngstrom, Jennifer Kogos Youngstrom, Norah C. Feeny, Robert L. Findling

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 7/2013

Abstract

Research on bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD) in adolescence has burgeoned in the last decade, but continued work is needed to identify endophenotypic markers associated with illness onset and course. The present study examined reward dysregulation—measured via the behavioral activation system (BAS)—as one putative marker of BPSD in adolescence. A diverse group of 425 outpatient adolescents between 11 and 17 years of age (52 % male) completed the Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Scale (BIS-BAS) scale to measure reward dysregulation. Semi-structured interviews determined diagnoses and severity of mood symptoms. Parent-reported BAS was associated with increased symptoms of mania, and parent and adolescent-reported BAS were associated with symptoms of depression. Parent-reported BIS scores were associated with increased symptoms of mania. Results held independent of diagnostic status. Furthermore, parent BIS/BAS reports were stronger predictors for manic symptoms compared to adolescent-reports. Results extend work in adults with BPSD, suggesting a transdiagnostic association between reward dysregulation and mood symptom severity in adolescence.

vorige artikel Early Adolescent Growth in Depression and Conduct Problem Symptoms as Predictors of Later Substance Use Impairment

volgende artikel Low Self-Esteem as a Risk Factor for Loneliness in Adolescence: Perceived - but not Actual - Social Acceptance as an Underlying Mechanism

Due to low reliability of A-BIS/BAS scores, we removed adolescents indicated to be poor responders on self-report and interview data, and reliability coefficients did not significantly differ (Z ≤ −1.09, ps > 0.05). Moreover, examining median corrected item total scores, all BIS/BAS values were within an acceptable range (> 0.35; Steiner and Norman 1995).

Fortunately, there were minimal missing data that made listwise deletion possible. There was no missing data for gender, age, and ethnicity, and very little missing for diagnostic group, parent and adolescent BIS/BAS scores, and KDRS/KMRS scores (< 3 %).

We completed the same set of regressions using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and Children’s Depression Rating Scale (CDRS) in place of the KMRS and KDRS respectively, and obtained parallel results. Moreover, KMRS and KDRS scores correlated r = 0.92 and r = 0.93 with YMRS and CDRS severity ratings, respectively. Because the KMRS and KDRS provide more comprehensive coverage of DSM-IV symptoms of mania and depression (Axelson et al. 2003), we opted to present results using these symptom variables in the final analyses.

For the purposes of the current analyses, yes/no medication status was included because more detailed analysis of individual medications is beyond the scope of this paper. However, in an ideal world, research should aim to include matching and/or random assignment of participants on medication types and dosages. Because the present sample consisted of youths receiving services in the community, there is a lot of heterogeneity in the choice and combination of medications used.

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Titel: Reward Dysregulation and Mood Symptoms in an Adolescent Outpatient Sample
Auteurs: June Gruber
Kirsten E. Gilbert
Eric Youngstrom
Jennifer Kogos Youngstrom
Norah C. Feeny
Robert L. Findling
Publicatiedatum: 01-10-2013
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 7/2013
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9746-8

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