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Cognitive Therapy and Research
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research 4/2012

01-08-2012 | Original Article

Responding to Anxiety with Rumination and Hopelessness: Mechanism of Anxiety-Depression Symptom Co-Occurrence?

Auteurs: Lisa R. Starr, Joanne Davila

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 4/2012

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Abstract

The current research proposes that certain anxiety response styles (specifically, responding to anxiety symptoms with rumination or hopeless cognitions) may increase risk of depressive symptoms, contributing to anxiety-depression comorbidity. We delineate preliminary evidence for this model in three studies. In Study 1, controlling for anxiety response styles significantly reduced the association between anxiety and depressive symptoms in an undergraduate sample. In Study 2, these findings were replicated controlling for conceptually related variables, and anxiety interacted with anxiety response styles to predict greater depressive symptoms. In Study 3, anxiety response styles moderated the prospective association between anxiety and later depression in a generalized anxiety disorder sample. Results support a role for anxiety response styles in anxiety-depression co-occurrence, and show that hopeless/ruminative anxiety response styles can be measured with high reliability and convergent and divergent validity.
vorige artikel Catastrophizing As a Predictor of Depressive and Anxious Symptoms in Children
volgende artikel Appraisals of Stressful Life Events as a Genetically-Linked Mechanism in the Stress–Depression Relationship
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1
Although the RAQ items were designed to assess tendency to respond to anxiety with hopeless cognitions, a reasonable concern is whether the RAQ actually assesses current feelings of hopelessness, which could artificially inflate associations with depression. To explore this issue, we constructed an alternate version of the RAQ, purging items that could potentially tap hopelessness (#22, 23, 24, 26). This version was very highly correlated with the original RAQ (r = .99). We re-ran all analyses using this version, and all results were identical in significance and near identical in magnitude.
 
2
Most RAQ items referred to general symptoms of anxiety, rather than symptoms of specific anxiety disorders. Items #12, 13, 14, 17, and 18 arguably apply to symptoms of specific anxiety disorders, and to ensure that their inclusion did not bias results, we recomputed the scale excluding these items. The modified scale was correlated with the original scale at r = .996 and generated identical results.
 
3
The MASQ was also administered, but results are omitted here because of space limitations. MASQ results were mostly identical, with a few important exceptions. Anxious arousal was no longer associated with the RAQ when controlling for the ASI (pr = .09, P > .05), perhaps explained by the significant content overlap between the ASI and anxious arousal scales. As a result, the RAQ could not account for the association between anxious arousal and anhedonic depression when controlling for the ASI. In addition, moderation results were not replicated using the MASQ subscales.
 
4
Significance levels were not subject to statistical corrections because all analyses were planned a priori. For results where p levels approach .05, please interpret with caution.
 
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Metagegevens
Titel
Responding to Anxiety with Rumination and Hopelessness: Mechanism of Anxiety-Depression Symptom Co-Occurrence?
Auteurs
Lisa R. Starr
Joanne Davila
Publicatiedatum
01-08-2012
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 4/2012
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-011-9363-1

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