Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 1/2015

01-01-2015 | Original Paper

Repetitive Behaviors in Autism and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: New Perspectives from a Network Analysis

Auteurs: Laura Ruzzano, Denny Borsboom, Hilde M. Geurts

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 1/2015

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

The association between autism and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) seems largely dependent upon observed similarities in the repetitive behaviors that manifest in both disorders. The aim of this study was to use a network approach to explore the interactions between these behaviors. We constructed a network based on clinician’s perceptions as well as a network based on 213 clinically diagnosed children. In all networks, autism and OCD emerged as two distinct symptom clusters and obsessions and compulsions showed few direct associations with autism symptoms. Further, sensory interests were identified as behaviors that may contribute to the link between autism and OCD. Through network analysis, we expose the symptom pathways that may lead to the perceived association between autism and OCD.
Voetnoten
1
The Perceived Causal Clinician Network is a direct representation of the causal relation between two symptoms as reported by the participating clinicians. Hence we denote this network the Perceived Causal Clinician Network.
 
2
The Putative Causal Data Network is an exploratory representation, of the hypothesized causal relationships that result in the structure of the Correlational Data Network. While these causal relations are based on a well-developed causal inference method for correlational data, we have denoted this network the Putative Causal Data Network in order to represent the exploratory nature of these results.
 
Literatuur
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
go back to reference Baker, A., Lane, A., Angley, M. T., & Young, R. L. (2008). The relationship between sensory processing patterns and behavioural responsiveness in autistic disorder: A pilot study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(5), 867–875.PubMedCrossRef Baker, A., Lane, A., Angley, M. T., & Young, R. L. (2008). The relationship between sensory processing patterns and behavioural responsiveness in autistic disorder: A pilot study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(5), 867–875.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Baron-Cohen, S. (1989). Do autistic children have obsessions and compulsions? British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28(3), 193–200.PubMedCrossRef Baron-Cohen, S. (1989). Do autistic children have obsessions and compulsions? British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28(3), 193–200.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bartz, J. A., & Hollander, E. (2006). Is obsessive–compulsive disorder an anxiety disorder? Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 30(3), 338–352.PubMedCrossRef Bartz, J. A., & Hollander, E. (2006). Is obsessive–compulsive disorder an anxiety disorder? Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 30(3), 338–352.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bejerot, S. (2007). An autistic dimension: A proposed subtype of obsessive–compulsive disorder. Autism, 11(2), 101–110.PubMedCrossRef Bejerot, S. (2007). An autistic dimension: A proposed subtype of obsessive–compulsive disorder. Autism, 11(2), 101–110.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Borsboom, D., & Cramer, A. O. (2013). Network analysis: An integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 91–121.PubMedCrossRef Borsboom, D., & Cramer, A. O. (2013). Network analysis: An integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 91–121.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bringmann, L. F., Vissers, N., Wichers, M., Geschwind, N., Kuppens, P., Peeters, F., et al. (2013). A network approach to psychopathology: New insights into clinical longitudinal data. PLoS ONE, 8(4), e60188.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Bringmann, L. F., Vissers, N., Wichers, M., Geschwind, N., Kuppens, P., Peeters, F., et al. (2013). A network approach to psychopathology: New insights into clinical longitudinal data. PLoS ONE, 8(4), e60188.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cath, D. C., Ran, N., Smit, J. H., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., & Comijs, H. C. (2008). Symptom overlap between autism spectrum disorders, generalized social anxiety disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder in adults: A preliminary case-controlled study. Psychopathology, 41, 101–110.PubMedCrossRef Cath, D. C., Ran, N., Smit, J. H., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., & Comijs, H. C. (2008). Symptom overlap between autism spectrum disorders, generalized social anxiety disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder in adults: A preliminary case-controlled study. Psychopathology, 41, 101–110.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Chen, Y., Rodgers, J., & McConachie, H. (2009). Restricted and repetitive behaviours, sensory processing and cognitive style in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(4), 635–642. doi:10.1007/s10803-008-0663-6.PubMedCrossRef Chen, Y., Rodgers, J., & McConachie, H. (2009). Restricted and repetitive behaviours, sensory processing and cognitive style in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(4), 635–642. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-008-0663-6.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cramer, A. O., Waldorp, L. J., van der Maas, H. L., & Borsboom, D. (2010). Comorbidity: A network perspective. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2–3), 137–150. Cramer, A. O., Waldorp, L. J., van der Maas, H. L., & Borsboom, D. (2010). Comorbidity: A network perspective. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2–3), 137–150.
go back to reference Dar, R., Kahn, D. T., & Carmeli, R. (2012). The relationship between sensory processing, childhood rituals and obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(1), 679–684.PubMedCrossRef Dar, R., Kahn, D. T., & Carmeli, R. (2012). The relationship between sensory processing, childhood rituals and obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(1), 679–684.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Epskamp, S., Cramer, A. O. J., Waldorp, L. J., Schmittmann, V. D., & Borsboom, D. (2011). Qgraph: Network representations of relationships in data. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(4), 1–18. Epskamp, S., Cramer, A. O. J., Waldorp, L. J., Schmittmann, V. D., & Borsboom, D. (2011). Qgraph: Network representations of relationships in data. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(4), 1–18.
go back to reference Esbensen, A. J., Seltzer, M. M., Lam, K. S., & Bodfish, J. W. (2009). Age-related differences in restricted repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(1), 57–66.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Esbensen, A. J., Seltzer, M. M., Lam, K. S., & Bodfish, J. W. (2009). Age-related differences in restricted repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(1), 57–66.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ferdinand, R. F., & van der Ende, J. (2000). NIMH DISC-IV: Diagnostic interview schedule for children: Authorized Dutch translation. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Erasmus MC Sophia. Ferdinand, R. F., & van der Ende, J. (2000). NIMH DISC-IV: Diagnostic interview schedule for children: Authorized Dutch translation. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Erasmus MC Sophia.
go back to reference Freeman, L. C. (1979). Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification. Social Networks, 1(3), 215–239.CrossRef Freeman, L. C. (1979). Centrality in social networks conceptual clarification. Social Networks, 1(3), 215–239.CrossRef
go back to reference Frewen, P. A., Allen, S. L., Lanius, R. A., & Neufeld, R. W. J. (2011). Perceived causal relations: Novel methodology for assessing client attributions about causal associations between variables including symptoms and functional impairment. Assessment, 19(4), 480–493.PubMedCrossRef Frewen, P. A., Allen, S. L., Lanius, R. A., & Neufeld, R. W. J. (2011). Perceived causal relations: Novel methodology for assessing client attributions about causal associations between variables including symptoms and functional impairment. Assessment, 19(4), 480–493.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Geurts, H. M., Grasman, R. P., Verté, S., Oosterlaan, J., Roeyers, H., Kammen, S. M. V., et al. (2008). Intra-individual variability in ADHD, autism spectrum disorders and tourette’s syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(13), 3030–3041. Geurts, H. M., Grasman, R. P., Verté, S., Oosterlaan, J., Roeyers, H., Kammen, S. M. V., et al. (2008). Intra-individual variability in ADHD, autism spectrum disorders and tourette’s syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(13), 3030–3041.
go back to reference Geurts, H. M., Verté, S., Oosterlaan, J., Roeyers, H., & Sergeant, J. A. (2004). How specific are executive functioning deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(4), 836–854.PubMedCrossRef Geurts, H. M., Verté, S., Oosterlaan, J., Roeyers, H., & Sergeant, J. A. (2004). How specific are executive functioning deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(4), 836–854.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Mazure, C., Fleischmann, R. L., Hill, C. L., et al. (1989). The Yale-Brown obsessive–compulsive scale: I. Development, use, and reliability. Archives of general psychiatry, 46(11), 1006–1011. Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Mazure, C., Fleischmann, R. L., Hill, C. L., et al. (1989). The Yale-Brown obsessive–compulsive scale: I. Development, use, and reliability. Archives of general psychiatry, 46(11), 1006–1011.
go back to reference Haasen, P. V., de Bruyn, E., Pij, Y., Poortinga, Y., & Lutje Spelberg, H. (1986). Wechsler intelligence scale for children-revised; Dutch edition. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets, Zeitlinger. Haasen, P. V., de Bruyn, E., Pij, Y., Poortinga, Y., & Lutje Spelberg, H. (1986). Wechsler intelligence scale for children-revised; Dutch edition. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets, Zeitlinger.
go back to reference Hazen, E., Reichert, E., Piacentini, J., Miguel, E. C., do Rosario, M. C., Pauls, D., et al. (2008). Case series: Sensory intolerance as a primary symptom of pediatric OCD. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 2004(20), 4. Hazen, E., Reichert, E., Piacentini, J., Miguel, E. C., do Rosario, M. C., Pauls, D., et al. (2008). Case series: Sensory intolerance as a primary symptom of pediatric OCD. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 2004(20), 4.
go back to reference Hollander, E., Phillips, A., Chaplin, W., Zagursky, K., Novotny, S., Wasserman, S., et al. (2005). A placebo controlled crossover trial of liquid fluoxetine on repetitive behaviors in childhood and adolescent autism. Neuropsychopharmacology, 30(3), 582–589.PubMedCrossRef Hollander, E., Phillips, A., Chaplin, W., Zagursky, K., Novotny, S., Wasserman, S., et al. (2005). A placebo controlled crossover trial of liquid fluoxetine on repetitive behaviors in childhood and adolescent autism. Neuropsychopharmacology, 30(3), 582–589.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Honey, E., Rodgers, J., & McConachie, H. (2012). Measurement of restricted and repetitive behaviour in children with autism spectrum disorder: Selecting a questionnaire or interview. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(2), 757–776.CrossRef Honey, E., Rodgers, J., & McConachie, H. (2012). Measurement of restricted and repetitive behaviour in children with autism spectrum disorder: Selecting a questionnaire or interview. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(2), 757–776.CrossRef
go back to reference Ivarsson, T., & Melin, K. (2008). Autism spectrum traits in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(6), 969–978.PubMedCrossRef Ivarsson, T., & Melin, K. (2008). Autism spectrum traits in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(6), 969–978.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kalisch, M., Mächler, M., Colombo, D., Maathuis, M. H., & Bühlmann, P. (2010). Causal inference using graphical models with the R package pcalg. Journal of Statistical Software, 47(11), 1–26. Kalisch, M., Mächler, M., Colombo, D., Maathuis, M. H., & Bühlmann, P. (2010). Causal inference using graphical models with the R package pcalg. Journal of Statistical Software, 47(11), 1–26.
go back to reference Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child, 2(3), 217–250. Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child, 2(3), 217–250.
go back to reference King, B. H., Hollander, E., Sikich, L., McCracken, J. T., Scahill, L., Bregman, J. D., et al. (2009). Lack of efficacy of citalpram in children with autism spectrum disorders and high levels of repetitive behaviors. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66, 583–590.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef King, B. H., Hollander, E., Sikich, L., McCracken, J. T., Scahill, L., Bregman, J. D., et al. (2009). Lack of efficacy of citalpram in children with autism spectrum disorders and high levels of repetitive behaviors. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66, 583–590.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Lam, K. S. L., Bodfish, J. W., & Piven, J. (2008). Evidence for three subtypes of repetitive behavior in autism that differ in familiality and association with other symptoms. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 1193–1200.CrossRef Lam, K. S. L., Bodfish, J. W., & Piven, J. (2008). Evidence for three subtypes of repetitive behavior in autism that differ in familiality and association with other symptoms. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 1193–1200.CrossRef
go back to reference Langen, M., Leemans, A., Johnston, P., Ecker, C., Daly, E., Murphy, C. M., et al. (2011). Fronto-striatal circuitry and inhibitory control in autism: Findings from diffusion tensor imaging tractography. Cortex, 48(2), 183.PubMedCrossRef Langen, M., Leemans, A., Johnston, P., Ecker, C., Daly, E., Murphy, C. M., et al. (2011). Fronto-striatal circuitry and inhibitory control in autism: Findings from diffusion tensor imaging tractography. Cortex, 48(2), 183.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Langen, M., Schnack, H. G., Nederveen, H., Bos, D., Lahuis, B. E., de Jonge, M. V., et al. (2009). Changes in the developmental trajectories of striatum in autism. Biological Psychiatry, 66(4), 327–333.PubMedCrossRef Langen, M., Schnack, H. G., Nederveen, H., Bos, D., Lahuis, B. E., de Jonge, M. V., et al. (2009). Changes in the developmental trajectories of striatum in autism. Biological Psychiatry, 66(4), 327–333.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference le Couteur, A., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Rios, P., Robertson, S., Holdgrafer, M., et al. (1989). Autism diagnostic interview: A standardized investigator-based instrument. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19(3), 363–387.PubMedCrossRef le Couteur, A., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Rios, P., Robertson, S., Holdgrafer, M., et al. (1989). Autism diagnostic interview: A standardized investigator-based instrument. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19(3), 363–387.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Leekam, S. R., Prior, M. R., & Uljarevic, M. (2011). Restricted and repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders: A review of research in the last decade. Psychological Bulletin, 137(4), 562.PubMedCrossRef Leekam, S. R., Prior, M. R., & Uljarevic, M. (2011). Restricted and repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders: A review of research in the last decade. Psychological Bulletin, 137(4), 562.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Leonard, R. C., & Riemann, B. C. (2012). The co-occurrence of obsessions and compulsions in OCD. Journal of Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders, 1(3), 211–215.CrossRef Leonard, R. C., & Riemann, B. C. (2012). The co-occurrence of obsessions and compulsions in OCD. Journal of Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders, 1(3), 211–215.CrossRef
go back to reference Lewin, A. B., Wood, J. J., Gunderson, S., Murphy, T. K., & Storch, E. A. (2011). Phenomenology of comorbid autism spectrum and obsessive–compulsive disorders among children. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 23(6), 543–553.CrossRef Lewin, A. B., Wood, J. J., Gunderson, S., Murphy, T. K., & Storch, E. A. (2011). Phenomenology of comorbid autism spectrum and obsessive–compulsive disorders among children. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 23(6), 543–553.CrossRef
go back to reference Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism diagnostic interview-revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24(5), 659–685.PubMedCrossRef Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism diagnostic interview-revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24(5), 659–685.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Markarian, Y., Larson, M. J., Aldea, M. A., Baldwin, S. A., Good, D., Berkeljon, A., et al. (2010). Multiple pathways to functional impairment in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(1), 78–88.PubMedCrossRef Markarian, Y., Larson, M. J., Aldea, M. A., Baldwin, S. A., Good, D., Berkeljon, A., et al. (2010). Multiple pathways to functional impairment in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(1), 78–88.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mazefsky, C. A., Oswald, D. P., Day, T. N., Eack, S. M., Minshew, N. J., & Lainhart, J. E. (2012). ASD, a psychiatric disorder, or both? Psychiatric diagnoses in adolescents with high-functioning ASD. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 41(4), 516–523.CrossRef Mazefsky, C. A., Oswald, D. P., Day, T. N., Eack, S. M., Minshew, N. J., & Lainhart, J. E. (2012). ASD, a psychiatric disorder, or both? Psychiatric diagnoses in adolescents with high-functioning ASD. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 41(4), 516–523.CrossRef
go back to reference McDougle, C., Kresch, L. E., Goodman, W. K., Naylor, S. T., & Volkmar, F. R. (1995). A case-controlled study of repetitive thoughts and behavior in adults with autistic disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 773. McDougle, C., Kresch, L. E., Goodman, W. K., Naylor, S. T., & Volkmar, F. R. (1995). A case-controlled study of repetitive thoughts and behavior in adults with autistic disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 773.
go back to reference Opsahl, T., Agneessens, F., & Skvoretz, J. (2010). Node centrality in weighted networks: Generalizing degree and shortest paths. Social Networks, 32(3), 245–251.CrossRef Opsahl, T., Agneessens, F., & Skvoretz, J. (2010). Node centrality in weighted networks: Generalizing degree and shortest paths. Social Networks, 32(3), 245–251.CrossRef
go back to reference Pearl, J. (2000). Causality: Models, reasoning and inference. Cambridge: MIT Press. Pearl, J. (2000). Causality: Models, reasoning and inference. Cambridge: MIT Press.
go back to reference Rogers, S. J., & Ozonoff, S. (2005). Annotation: What do we know about sensory dysfunction in autism? A critical review of the empirical evidence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(12), 1255–1268.PubMedCrossRef Rogers, S. J., & Ozonoff, S. (2005). Annotation: What do we know about sensory dysfunction in autism? A critical review of the empirical evidence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(12), 1255–1268.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Russell, A. J., Mataix-Cols, D., Anson, M., & Murphy, D. G. M. (2005). Obsessions and compulsions in asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 186(6), 525–528.PubMedCrossRef Russell, A. J., Mataix-Cols, D., Anson, M., & Murphy, D. G. M. (2005). Obsessions and compulsions in asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 186(6), 525–528.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ruta, L., Mugno, D., D’Arrigo, V. G., Vitiello, B., & Mazzone, L. (2010). Obsessive–compulsive traits in children and adolescents with asperger syndrome. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 19(1), 17–24.PubMedCrossRef Ruta, L., Mugno, D., D’Arrigo, V. G., Vitiello, B., & Mazzone, L. (2010). Obsessive–compulsive traits in children and adolescents with asperger syndrome. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 19(1), 17–24.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Schmittmann, V. D., Cramer, A. O. J., Waldorp, L. J., Epskamp, S., Kievit, R. A., & Borsboom, D. (2011). Deconstructing the construct: A network perspective on psychological phenomena. New Ideas in Psychology, 31(1), 43–53.CrossRef Schmittmann, V. D., Cramer, A. O. J., Waldorp, L. J., Epskamp, S., Kievit, R. A., & Borsboom, D. (2011). Deconstructing the construct: A network perspective on psychological phenomena. New Ideas in Psychology, 31(1), 43–53.CrossRef
go back to reference Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., Lucas, C. P., Dulcan, M. K., & Schwab-Stone, M. E. (2000). NIMH diagnostic interview schedule for children version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): Description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(1), 28–38.PubMedCrossRef Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., Lucas, C. P., Dulcan, M. K., & Schwab-Stone, M. E. (2000). NIMH diagnostic interview schedule for children version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): Description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(1), 28–38.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference South, M., Ozonoff, S., & McMahon, W. M. (2005). Repetitive behavior profiles in asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(2), 145–158.PubMedCrossRef South, M., Ozonoff, S., & McMahon, W. M. (2005). Repetitive behavior profiles in asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(2), 145–158.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Spirtes, P., Glymour, C., & Scheines, R. (2001). Causation, prediction, and search. Cambridge: MIT press. Spirtes, P., Glymour, C., & Scheines, R. (2001). Causation, prediction, and search. Cambridge: MIT press.
go back to reference Storch, E., Abramowitz, J., & Goodman, W. (2008). Where does obsessive–compulsive disorder belong in DSM-V. Depression and Anxiety, 25(4), 336–347.PubMedCrossRef Storch, E., Abramowitz, J., & Goodman, W. (2008). Where does obsessive–compulsive disorder belong in DSM-V. Depression and Anxiety, 25(4), 336–347.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Verté, S., Geurts, H. M., Roeyers, H., Rosseel, Y., Oosterlaan, J., & Sergeant, J. A. (2006). Can the children’s communication checklist differentiate autism spectrum subtypes? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 10(3), 266–287. Verté, S., Geurts, H. M., Roeyers, H., Rosseel, Y., Oosterlaan, J., & Sergeant, J. A. (2006). Can the children’s communication checklist differentiate autism spectrum subtypes? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 10(3), 266–287.
go back to reference Weidle, B., Melin, K., Drotz, E., Jozefiak, T., & Ivarsson, T. (2012). Preschool and current autistic symptoms in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Journal of Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders, 1(3), 168–174. doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2012.04.002.CrossRef Weidle, B., Melin, K., Drotz, E., Jozefiak, T., & Ivarsson, T. (2012). Preschool and current autistic symptoms in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Journal of Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders, 1(3), 168–174. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jocrd.​2012.​04.​002.CrossRef
go back to reference Williams, M. T., Farris, S. G., Turkheimer, E., Pinto, A., Ozanick, K., Franklin, M. E., et al. (2011). Myth of the pure obsessional type in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 28(6), 495–500.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Williams, M. T., Farris, S. G., Turkheimer, E., Pinto, A., Ozanick, K., Franklin, M. E., et al. (2011). Myth of the pure obsessional type in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 28(6), 495–500.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Zandt, F., Prior, M., & Kyrios, M. (2007). Repetitive behaviour in children with high functioning autism and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(2), 251–259.PubMedCrossRef Zandt, F., Prior, M., & Kyrios, M. (2007). Repetitive behaviour in children with high functioning autism and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(2), 251–259.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Repetitive Behaviors in Autism and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: New Perspectives from a Network Analysis
Auteurs
Laura Ruzzano
Denny Borsboom
Hilde M. Geurts
Publicatiedatum
01-01-2015
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 1/2015
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2204-9

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2015

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 1/2015 Naar de uitgave