Top

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

Gepubliceerd in:

01-12-2014

Psychophysiological and Neuropsychological Characteristics of Non-Incarcerated Adult Males with Higher Levels of Psychopathic Personality Traits

Auteurs: Eric H. Zimak, Julie Suhr, Elizabeth M. Bolinger

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 4/2014

Abstract

Although much research on psychopathic individuals has been conducted in incarcerated settings, there is increasing interest in studying adults with higher levels of psychopathic traits in the general population. The present study investigated differences in psychophysiological response and neuropsychological functioning between undergraduate males with higher levels of psychopathic traits (higher-p) and undergraduate males with lower levels of psychopathic traits (lower-p). Participants completed self-report measures and neuropsychological measures, and skin conductance response was measured during a risk-taking and affective-picture viewing task. Consistent with previous findings among samples of incarcerated psychopaths, higher-p adults exhibited diminished responses to aversive and positive affective stimuli and were more disinhibited on a motoric response inhibition task. Contrary to expectations, higher-p adults made marginally better decisions on a risky decision making task. Findings were discussed in relation to Gao and Raines’ (Behavioral Sciences & the Law 28(2) 194–210, 2010) model of the neurobiological underpinnings of adults with higher levels of psychopathic traits in non-incarcerated settings, and offer evidence that higher-p adults have both adaptive and non-adaptive traits.

vorige artikel Emotional Impulsivity in Children with ADHD Associated with Comorbid—Not ADHD—Symptomatology

volgende artikel Improving School Readiness in Preschoolers with Behavior Problems: Results from a Summer Treatment Program

Arnett, P. A., Howland, E. W., Smith, S. S., & Newman, J. P. (1993). Autonomic Responsivity During Passive Avoidance in Incarcerated Psychopaths. Personality and Individual Differences, 14(1), 173–184.CrossRef

Avila, C., & Parcet, A. (2001). Personality and Inhibitory Deficits in the Stop-Signal Task: The Mediating Role of Gray’s Anxiety and Impulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(6), 975–986.CrossRef

Babiak, P. (2000). Psychopathic Manipulation at Work. In C. Gacano (Ed.), The Clinical and Forensic Assessment of Psychopathy: a practitioner’s Guide. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Babiak, P., Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D. (2010). Corporate Psychopathy: Talking the Walk. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 28(2), 174–193.

Bauer, L., O’Bryant, S. E., Lynch, J. K., McCaffrey, R. J., & Fisher, J. M. (2007). Examining the Test of Memory Malingering Trial 1 and Word Memory Test Immediate Recognition as Screening Tools for Insufficient Effort. Assessment, 14(3), 215–222.PubMedCrossRef

Beatty, W. W., Katzung, V. M., Moreland, V. J., & Nixon, S. J. (1995). Neuropsychological Performance of Recently Abstinent Alcoholics and Cocaine Abusers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 37(3), 247–253.PubMedCrossRef

Beaver, K. M. (2008). Nonshared Environmental Influences on Adolescent Delinquent Involvement and Adult Criminal Behavior. Criminology, 46(2), 341–369.CrossRef

Bechara, A. (2007). Iowa Gambling Task Professional Manual. Lutz: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.

Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, R., & Anderson, S. W. (1994). Insensitivity to Future Consequences Following Damage to Human pre-Frontal Cortex. Cognition, 50, 7–15.PubMedCrossRef

Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Damasio, A. R., & Lee, G. P. (1999). Different Contributions of the Human Amygdala and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex to Decision-Making. The Journal of Neuroscience, 19(13), 5473–5481.PubMed

Benning, S. D., Patrick, C. J., Hicks, B. M., Blonigen, D. M., & Krueger, R. F. (2003). Factor Structure of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory: Validity and Implications for Clinical Assessment. Psychological Assessment, 15(3), 340–350.PubMedCrossRef

Benning, S. D., Patrick, C. J., & Iacono, W. G. (2005). Psychopathy, Startle Blink Modulation, and Electrodermal Reactivity in Twin men. Psychophysiology, 42(6), 753–762.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Birbaumer, N., Veit, R., Lotze, M., Erb, M., Hermann, C., Grodd, W., & Flor, H. (2005). Deficient Fear Conditioning in Psychopathy: a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(7), 799–805.PubMedCrossRef

Boothby, J. L. (2001). Evaluating the relation between coping variables and prison adjustment. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

Bradley, M. M., & Lang, J. (1994). Measuring Emotion: The Self-Assessment Manikin and the Semantic Differential. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(1), 49–59.PubMedCrossRef

Brand, M., Recknor, E. C., Grabenhorst, F., & Bechara, A. (2007). Decisions Under Ambiguity and Decisions Under Risk: Correlations With Executive Functions and Comparisons of two Different Gambling Tasks With Implicit and Explicit Rules. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 29(1), 86–99.PubMedCrossRef

Buelow, M. T., & Suhr, A. (2009). Construct Validity of the Iowa Gambling Task. Neuropsychology Review, 19(1), 102–114.PubMedCrossRef

Cocco, K. M., & Carey, B. (1998). Psychometric Properties of the Drug Abuse Screening Test in Psychiatric Outpatients. Psychological Assessment, 10(4), 408–414.CrossRef

Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. New York: Putnam.

Dawson, M. E., Schell, A. M., & Courtney, G. G. (2011). The Skin Conductance Response, Anticipation, and Decision-Making. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics, 4(2), 111–116.CrossRef

DeLisi, M. (2009). Psychopathy is the Unified Theory of Crime. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 7(3), 256–273.CrossRef

Denburg, N., Recknore, E. C., Bechara, A., & Tranel, D. (2006). Psychophysiological Anticipation of Positive Outcomes Promotes Advantageous Decision-Making in Normal Older Persons. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 61(1), 19–25.PubMedCrossRef

Flor, H., Birbaumer, N., Hermann, C., Ziegler, S., & Patrick, C. J. (2002). Aversive Pavlovian Conditioning in Psychopaths: Peripheral and Central Correlates. Psychophysiology, 39(4), 505–518.PubMedCrossRef

Fowler, K. A., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Patrick, C. J. (2009). Detecting Psychopathy from Thin Slices of Behavior. Psychological Assessment, 21(1), 68–78.PubMedCrossRef

Gallagher, R. P. (2006). National Survey of Counseling Center Directors. Alexandria: International Association of Counseling Services Inc.

Gao, Y., & Raine, A. (2010). Successful and Unsuccessful Psychopaths: A Neurobiological Model. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 28(2), 194–210.

Green, P., Allen, L. M., & Astner, K. (1996). The Word Memory Test: A user’s Guide to the Oral and Computer-Administered Forms, US Version 1.1. Durham: CogniSyst.

Hare, R. D. (1996). Psychopathy: a Clinical Construct Whose Time has Come. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 23(1), 25–54.CrossRef

Harpur, T. J., Hare, R., & Hakstian, A. R. (1989). Two-Factor Conceptualization of Psychopathy: Construct Validity and Assessment Implications. Psychological Assessment, 1, 6–17.CrossRef

Herpertz, S. C., Werth, U., Lukas, G., Qunaibi, M., Schuerkens, A., Kunert, H.-J., & Sass, H. (2001). Emotion in Criminal Offenders With Psychopathy and Borderline Personality Disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 737–745.PubMedCrossRef

Hollingshead, A. B. (1975). Four Factor Index of Social Status. New Haven: Unpublished manuscript, Yale University.

Ishikawa, S. S., Raine, A., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., & Lacasse, L. (2001). Autonomic Stress Reactivity and Executive Functions in Successful and Unsuccessful Criminal Psychopaths from the Community. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110(3), 423–432.PubMedCrossRef

Ito, T. A., Cacioppo, J. T., & Lang, P. J. (1998). Eliciting Affect Using the International Affective Picture System: Trajectories Through Evaluative Space. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(8), 855–879.CrossRef

Justus, A. N., & Finn, P. R. (2007). Startle Modulation in non-Incarcerated men and Women With Psychopathic Traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(8), 2057–2071.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Kastner, R. M., Sellbom, M., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2012). A Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory Full-Length and Short-Form Versions. Psychological Assessment, 24(1), 261.PubMedCrossRef

Kokotailo, P. K., Egan, J., Gangnon, R., Brown, D., Mundt, M., & Fleming, M. (2004). Validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test in College Students. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 28(6), 914–920.CrossRef

Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1990). Emotion, Attention, and the Startle Reflex. Psychological Review, 97(3), 377–395.PubMedCrossRef

Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (2008). International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Affective Ratings of Pictures and Instruction Manual. University of Florida: Technical Report A-8.

LaPierre, D., Braun, C. M. J., & Hodgins, S. (1995). Ventral frontal deficits in psychopathy: Neuropsychological test findings. Neuropsychologia, 33(2), 139–151.

LeBreton, J. M., Binning, J. F., & Adorno, A. J. (2006). Subclinical psychopaths. In C. J. Thomas, D. L. Segal, & M. Hersen (Eds.), Comprehensive Handbook of Personality and Psychopathology, Vol. 1: Personality and Everyday Functioning. Hoboken: Wiley.

Lee, Z., & Salekin, R. T. (2010). Psychopathic Traits in Youth: Is There Evidence for Primary and Secondary Subtypes? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38(3), 153–169.

Lilienfeld, S. O. (1994). Conceptual Problems in the Assessment of Psychopathy. Clinical Psychology Review, 14(1), 17–38.CrossRef

Lilienfeld, S. O., & Andrews, P. (1996). Development and Preliminary Validation of a Self-Report Measure of Psychopathic Personality Traits in Noncriminal Populations. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(3), 488–524.PubMedCrossRef

Lilienfeld, S. O., & Hess, T. H. (2001). Psychopathic Personality Traits and Somatization: Sex Differences and the Mediating Role of Negative Emotionality. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23(1), 11–24.CrossRef

Lilienfield, S.O. (1990). Development and preliminary validation of a self-report measure of psychopathic personality (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.

Logan, G. D., & Cowan, B. (1984). On the Ability to Inhibit Thought and Action: a Theory of an act of Control. Psychological Review, 91(3), 295–327.CrossRef

Logan, G. D., Schachar, R. J., & Tannock, R. (1997). Impulsivity and Inhibitory Control. Psychological Science, 8(1), 60–64.CrossRef

Long, L. S., & Titone, D. A. (2007). Psychopathy and Verbal Emotion Processing in non-Incarcerated Males. Cognition and Emotion, 21(1), 119–145.CrossRef

Lösel, F., & Schmucker, M. (2004). Psychopathy, Risk Taking, and Attention: a Differentiated Test of the Somatic Marker Hypothesis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(4), 522–529.PubMedCrossRef

Lykken, D. T. (1957). A Study of Anxiety in the Sociopathic Personality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 55(1), 6–10.CrossRef

Lynam, D. R., Whiteside, S., & Jones, S. (1999). Self-Reported Psychopathy: a Validation Study. Journal of Personality Assessment, 73(1), 110–132.PubMedCrossRef

Mahmut, M. K., Homewood, J., & Stevenson, R. J. (2008). The Characteristics of non-Criminals With High Psychopathy Traits: Are They Similar to Criminal Psychopaths? Journal of Research in Personality, 42(3), 679–692.CrossRef

McCabe, S. E., Boyd, C. J., Cranford, J. A., Morales, M., & Slayden, J. (2006). A Modified Version of the Drug Abuse Screening Test Among Undergraduate Students. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 31(3), 297–303.PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Miller, J. D., & Lynam, R. (2003). Psychopathy and the Five-Factor Model of Personality: a Replication and Extension. Journal of Personality Assessment, 81(2), 168–178.PubMedCrossRef

Mullins-Nelson, J. L., Salekin, R. T., & Leistico, A. M. R. (2006). Psychopathy, Empathy, and Perspective-Taking Ability in a Community Sample: Implications for the Successful Psychopathy Concept. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 5(2), 133–149.CrossRef

Munro, G. E. S., Dywan, J., Harris, G. T., McKee, S., Unsal, A., & Segalowitz, S. J. (2007). Response Inhibition in Psychopathy: The Frontal N2 and P3. Neuroscience Letters, 418, 149–153.PubMedCrossRef

Newman, J. P., & Kosson, D. S. (1986). Passive Avoidance Learning in Psychopathic and Nonpsychopathic Offenders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(3), 252.PubMedCrossRef

Newman, J. P., Widom, C. S., & Nathan, S. (1985). Passive Avoidance in Syndromes of Disinhibition: Psychopathy and Extraversion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(5), 1316–1327.PubMedCrossRef

Noble, A. H. (2006). The relationship of psychopathy and social interest to prison adjustment. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana.

O’Hare, T., & Sherrer, V. (1999). Validating the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test with College First-Offenders. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 17(1–2), 113–119.PubMedCrossRef

Patrick, C. J., Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1993). Emotion in the Criminal Psychopath: Startle Reflex Modulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102(1), 82–92.PubMedCrossRef

Patrick, C. J., Cuthbert, B. N., & Lang, P. J. (1994). Emotion in the Criminal Psychopath: Fear Image Processing. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(3), 523–534.PubMedCrossRef

Salekin, R. T., Trobst, K. K., & Krioukova, M. (2001). Construct Validity of Psychopathy in a Community Sample: a Nomological net Approach. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15(5), 425–441.PubMedCrossRef

Saunders, J. B., Aasland, O. G., Babor, T. F., de la Fuente, J. R., & Grant, M. (1993). Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons With Harmful Alcohol Consumption: II. Addiction, 88(6), 791–804.PubMedCrossRef

Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2000). Electrodermal Activity (EDA): State-of-the-art Measurement and Techniques for Parapsychological Purposes. Journal of Parapsychology, 64(2), 139–163.

Sellbom, M., & Verona, E. (2007). Neuropsychological Correlates of Psychopathic Traits in a non-Incarcerated Sample. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(2), 276–294.CrossRef

Skeem, J., Johansson, P., Andershed, H., Kerr, M., & Louden, J. E. (2007). Two Subtypes of Psychopathic Violent Offenders That Parallel Primary and Secondary Variants. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116(2), 395.PubMedCrossRef

Solutions, K. H. N. (2009). Bactrack Select Breathalyzer S80 Owner’s Manual. San Francisco: KHN Solutions, LLC.

Springer, K. A. (2005). Social interest and psychopathy as predictors of offender outcomes. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana.

Stevens, G. W., Dueling, J. K., & Armenakis, A. (2012). Successful Psychopaths: Are They Unethical Decision-Makers and why? Journal of Business Ethics, 105, 139–149.CrossRef

Suhr, J. A., & Tsanadis, J. (2007). Affect and Personality Correlates of the Iowa Gambling Task. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(1), 27–36.CrossRef

Sylvers, P., Brennan, P. A., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Alden, S. A. (2010). Gender Differences in Autonomic Indicators of Antisocial Personality Disorder Features. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 1(2), 87.CrossRef

Tranel, D. (1994). “Acquired sociopathy”: The development of sociopathic behavior following focal brain damage. In D. C. Fowles, P. Stocker, & S. H. Goodman (Eds.), Progress in Experimental Personality and Psychopathology Research (pp. 285–311).

Vanman, E. J., Mejia, V. Y., Dawson, M. E., Schell, A. M., & Raine, A. (2003). Modification of the Startle Reflex in a Community Sample: Do one or two Dimensions of Psychopathy Underlie Emotional Processing? Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 2007–2021.CrossRef

Vaughn, M. G., & Howard, O. (2005). Self-Report Measures of Juvenile Psychopathic Personality Traits: a Comparative Review. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 13(3), 152–162.CrossRef

Verbruggen, F., Logan, G. D., & Stevens, A. M. (2007). STOP-IT: Windows Executablesoftware for the Stop-Signal Paradigm. Behavior Research Methods, 40(2), 479–483.CrossRef

Verona, E., Patrick, C. J., Curtin, J. J., Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (2004). Psychopathy and Physiological Response to Emotionally Evocative Sounds. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(1), 99–108.PubMedCrossRef

Vidal, S., Skeem, J., & Camp, J. (2010). Emotional Intelligence: Painting Different Paths for low-Anxious and High-Anxious Psychopathic Variants. Law and Human Behavior, 34(2), 150–163.PubMedCrossRef

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and Validation of Brief Measures of Positive and Negative Affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070.PubMedCrossRef

Wechsler, D. (2001). The Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR). San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.

Wilkowski, B. M., & Robinson, M. D. (2008). Putting the Brakes on Antisocial Behavior: Secondary Psychopathy and Post-Error Adjustments in Reaction Time. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(8), 1807–1818.CrossRef

Wright, E. M. (2009). The Measurement of Psychopathy: Dimensional and Taxometric Approaches. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 53(4), 464–481.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Psychophysiological and Neuropsychological Characteristics of Non-Incarcerated Adult Males with Higher Levels of Psychopathic Personality Traits
Auteurs: Eric H. Zimak
Julie Suhr
Elizabeth M. Bolinger
Publicatiedatum: 01-12-2014
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 4/2014
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-014-9430-5

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2014

Callous-Unemotional Traits in Individuals Receiving Accommodations in University

Factor Analysis of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in a Heterogeneous Clinical Sample

Emotional Impulsivity in Children with ADHD Associated with Comorbid—Not ADHD—Symptomatology

Exploring Associations Between Psychopathic Personality and Components of Disinhibition vs. Constraint

Hope as a Moderator of the Associations Between Common Risk Factors and Frequency of Substance Use Among Latino Adolescents

The Trauma Related Shame Inventory: Measuring Trauma-Related Shame Among Patients with PTSD