Top

Gepubliceerd in:

28-11-2015 | Original Paper

Psychometric Properties of the Training Parenting Style Scale in a Malaysian Sample of Adolescents: Factor Analysis, Internal Consistency, and Measurement Invariance

Auteurs: Chin-Siang Ang, Jo-Pei Tan, Sin-Yun Fam

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 5/2016

Abstract

The importance of parenting styles on children’s outcomes, including cognitive, social, academic, and values makes this topic a central concern to social researchers and psychologists. However, past research has reported controversial evidence on the relationship between authoritarian parenting and children’s outcomes in non-Western cultural contexts. This raises awareness on the implication of cultural differences in parenting styles. As a result, the training parenting style scale (TPSS) was proposed based on the Confucian concept of ‘Guan’ and ‘Chiao Shu.’ This scale is allegedly more reflective of the Asian parenting style. The present study examined the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Malay version of the TPSS across adolescents’ perceived maternal and paternal training and by adolescent gender. Of the 8 items in the original TPSS, confirmatory factor analysis supported 6-item scale with error correlations was the best-fitting model. Internal consistency was also good for the 6-item scale. Furthermore, support for configural, metric, scalar, residual, and structural invariance emerged across adolescents’ perceived maternal and paternal training and across adolescent gender. Results of this study supported the psychometric properties of the 6-item TPSS after taking into account several cautiously considered limitations.

vorige artikel Conceptualizing and Measuring Safe, Stable, Nurturing Relationships and Environments in Educational Settings

volgende artikel Support Needs and Satisfaction in Foster Care: Differences Between Foster Mothers and Foster Fathers

Ali, S., & Frederickson, N. (2011). The parenting dimensions of British Pakistani and White mothers of primary school children. Infant and Child Development, 20(3), 313–329. doi:10.1002/icd.696.CrossRef

Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37(4), 887–907. doi:10.2307/1126611.CrossRef

Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75(1), 43–48.CrossRefPubMed

Brislin, R. W. (1980). Translation and content analysis of oral and written material. In H. C. Triandis & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 389–444). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Buri, J. R. (1991). Parental authority questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Assessment, 57, 110–119. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5701_13.CrossRef

Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). New York: Taylor and Francis Group.

Chao, R. K. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the culture notion of training. Child Development, 65(4), 1111–1119. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.ep7252822.CrossRefPubMed

Chao, R. K. (1995). Chinese and European American cultural models of the self reflected in mothers’ childrearing beliefs. Ethos, 23(3), 328–354. doi:10.1525/eth.1995.23.3.02a00030.CrossRef

Chao, R. K. (2001). Extending research on the consequences of parenting style for Chinese Americans and European Americans. Child Development, 72(6), 1832–1843. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00381.CrossRefPubMed

Chao, R. K., & Kaeochinda, K. F. (2010). Parental sacrifice and acceptance as distinct dimensions of parental support among Chinese and Filipino American adolescents. In S. T. Russell, L. J. Crockett, & R. K. Chao (Eds.), Asian American parenting and parent-adolescent relationships, Advancing responsible adolescent development (pp. 61–77). New York: Springer.CrossRef

Chao, R. K., & Sue, S. (1996). Chinese parental influences and their children’s school success: A paradox in the literature on parenting style. In S. Lau (Ed.), Growing up the Chinese way: Chinese child and adolescent development (pp. 93–120). Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.

Chao, R. K., & Tseng, V. (2002). Parenting of Asians. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of Parenting: Vol. 4. Social Conditions and Applied Parenting (2nd ed., pp. 59–93). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Cheah, C. S., & Rubin, K. (2003). European American and Mainland Chinese mothers’ socialization beliefs regarding preschoolers’ social skills. Parenting Science and Practice, 3, 1–22. doi:10.1207/S15327922PAR0301_01.CrossRef

Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 14(3), 464–504. doi:10.1080/10705510701301834.CrossRef

Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233–255. doi:10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5.CrossRef

Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, G. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1(1), 16–29. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.1.1.16.CrossRef

Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 487–496.CrossRef

Deater-Deckard, K., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (1996). Physical discipline among African American and European American mothers: Links to children’s externalizing behaviors. Developmental Psychology, 32(6), 1065–1072. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.32.6.1065.CrossRef

Deater-Deckard, K., Dodge, K. A., & Sorbring, E. (2005). Cultural differences in the effects of physical punishment. In M. Rutter & M. Tienda (Eds.), Ethnicity and causal mechanisms (pp. 204–226). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef

Ho, C., Bluestein, D. N., & Jenkins, J. (2008). Cultural differences in the relationship between parenting and children’s behavior. Developmental Psychology, 44(2), 507–522. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.2.507.CrossRefPubMed

Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118.CrossRef

Kim, K. H. (2005). The relation among fit indexes, power, and sample size in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 12(3), 368–390. doi:10.1207/s15328007sem1203_2.CrossRef

Kline, R. B. (2004). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guildford.

Lam, C. M. (2007). Not grown up forever: A Chinese Conception of Adolescent Development. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Incorporation.

Lau, S., & Cheung, P. C. (1987). Relations between Chinese adolescents’ perception of parental control and organization and their perception of parental warmth. Developmental Psychology, 23(5), 726–729. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.23.5.726.CrossRef

Meade, A. W., Johnson, E. C., & Braddy, P. W. (2008). Power and sensitivity of alternative fit indices in test of measurement invariance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(3), 568–592. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.568.CrossRefPubMed

Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Onder, A., & Gulay, H. (2009). Reliability and validity of parenting styles & dimensions questionnaire. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1, 508–514. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.092.CrossRef

Padmawidjaja, I. A., & Chao, R. K. (2010). Parental beliefs and their relation to the parental practices of Immigrant Chinese Americans and European Americans. In S. T. Russell, L. J. Crockett, & R. K. Chao (Eds.), Asian American parenting and parent-adolescent relationships: Advancing responsible adolescent development (pp. 37–60). New York: Springer.CrossRef

Park, H., & Bauer, S. (2002). Parenting practices, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and academic achievement in adolescents. School Psychology International, 23(4), 386–396. doi:10.1177/0143034302234002.CrossRef

Parker, G., Roussos, J., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Mitchell, P., Wilhelm, K., & Austin, M. P. (1997). The development of a refined measure of dysfunctional parenting and assessment of its relevance in patients with affective disorders. Psychological Medicine, 27(5), 1193–1203. doi:10.1017/S003329179700545X.CrossRefPubMed

Rebecca, P. A. (2006). Effects of parenting style on personal and social variables for Asian, adolescents. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76(4), 503–511. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.503.CrossRef

Robinson, C. C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H. (1995). Authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting practices: Development of a new measure. Psychological Reports, 77(3), 819–830. doi:10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.819.CrossRef

Shek, D. T. L. (2005). Perceived parental control and parent-child relational qualities in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Sex Roles, 53(9–10), 635–646. doi:10.1007/s11199-005-7730-7.CrossRef

Simons, G. L., & Conger, R. D. (2007). Linking father-mother differences in parenting to a typology of parenting style and adolescent outcomes. Journal of Family Issue, 28(2), 212–241. doi:10.1177/0192513X06294593.CrossRef

Somayeh, K., & Rozumah, B. (2009). Parenting style in a collectivist culture of Malaysia. European Journal of Social Science, 10(1), 66–73.

Steenkamp, J.-B. E. M., & Baumgartner, H. (1998). Assessing measurement invariance in cross-national consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 25(1), 78–107.CrossRef

Steinberg, L., Dornbusch, S. M., & Brown, B. (1992). Ethnic differences in adolescent achievement in ecological perspective. American Psychologist, 47(6), 723–729. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.47.6.723.CrossRefPubMed

Stewart, S. M., & Bond, M. H. (2002). A critical look at parenting research from the mainstream: Problems uncovered while adapting Western research to non-western cultures. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20(3), 379–392. doi:10.1348/026151002320620389.CrossRef

Stewart, S. M., Bond, M. H., Kennard, B. D., Ho, L. M., & Zaman, R. M. (2002). Does the Chinese construct of guan export to the West? International Journal of Psychology, 37(2), 74–82. doi:10.1080/00207590143000162.CrossRef

Stewart, S. M., Rao, N., Bond, M. H., McBride-Chang, C., Fielding, R., & Kennard, B. D. (1998). Chinese dimensions of parenting: Broadening Western predictors and outcomes. International Journal of Psychology, 33(5), 345–358. doi:10.1080/002075998400231.CrossRef

Super, C. M., & Harkness, S. (1986). The developmental niche: A conceptualization at the interface of child and culture. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 9(4), 545–569. doi:10.1177/016502548600900409.CrossRef

Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70. doi:10.1177/109442810031002.CrossRef

Walker-Barnes, C. J., & Mason, C. A. (2001). Ethnic differences in the effect of parenting upon gang involvement and gang delinquency: A longitudinal HLM perspective. Child Development, 72(6), 1814–1831. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00380.CrossRefPubMed

Wu, C., & Chao, R. K. (2005). Intergenerational cultural conflicts in norms of parental warmth among Chinese American immigrants. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(6), 516–523. doi:10.1080/01650250500147444.CrossRef

Titel: Psychometric Properties of the Training Parenting Style Scale in a Malaysian Sample of Adolescents: Factor Analysis, Internal Consistency, and Measurement Invariance
Auteurs: Chin-Siang Ang
Jo-Pei Tan
Sin-Yun Fam
Publicatiedatum: 28-11-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 5/2016
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0333-1

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2016

Interactive Effects of Psychosocial Stress and Early Pubertal Timing on Youth Depression and Anxiety: Contextual Amplification in Family and Peer Environments

Youth Development Program Participation and Changes in Help-Seeking Intentions

Family Expressiveness Mediates the Relation Between Cumulative Family Risks and Children’s Emotion Regulation in a Chinese Sample

Differential Effects of Racial Socialization Messages for African American Adolescents: Personal Versus Institutional Racial Discrimination

The Role of Parental Achievement Goals in Predicting Autonomy-Supportive and Controlling Parenting

Development of the Connectedness to Treatment Setting Scale for Children with Cancer and Their Parents