Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

29-07-2024 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Psychological Changes Following MBSR and CCT Interventions in a Brief and Intensive Retreat Format: A Sequential Randomized Crossover Study

Auteurs: Rosaria Maria Zangri, Pablo Roca, Ivan Blanco, Marta Kulis, Gustavo G. Diez, Jose Ignacio Martin-Subero, Carmelo Vázquez

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 8/2024

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the effects of two meditation-based programs, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Compassion Cultivation Training (CCT), in a brief and intensive format on various psychological variables in a group of healthy volunteer adults attending a retreat with a crossover design.

Method

Participants received both interventions in a random order over 7 days (MBSR-CCT, n = 25; CCT-MBSR, n = 24). Assessments were conducted at three different times: Day 1 (pre-program), Day 4 (after completing the first program and before starting the second program), and Day 7 (post-second program), with a follow-up assessment 3 months later.

Results

A significant time main effect was found for emotion regulation (p < 0.001; b = 0.49), self-compassion (p < 0.001; b =  − 0.78), mindfulness (p < 0.001; b =  − 1.06), low-arousal positive affect (p < 0.001; b =  − 1.39), and high-arousal negative affect (p < 0.001; b = 1.82), with improvements in the expected directions observed in both groups. However, the combination of MBSR followed by CCT showed an advantage in some psychological outcomes following the retreat. The follow-up analysis revealed that some of the psychological benefits observed were retained after 3 months (e.g., emotional distress and regulation, self-compassion, and mindfulness), especially in the groups starting their training with MBSR followed by CCT.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the benefits of meditation-based interventions in a brief and intensive format for psychological functioning in healthy adults, providing novel results on the sequential and combined effects of MBSR and CCT, with implications for practice and interventions.

Pre-registration

The study was pre-registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05516355).
Bijlagen
Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers
Literatuur
go back to reference Ainsworth, B., Atkinson, M. J., AlBedah, E., Duncan, S., Groot, J., Jacobsen, P., James, A., Jenkins, T. A., Kylisova, K., Marks, E., Osborne, E. L., Remskar, M., & Underhill, R. (2023). Current tensions and challenges in mindfulness research and practice. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 53(4), 343–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-023-09584-9CrossRef Ainsworth, B., Atkinson, M. J., AlBedah, E., Duncan, S., Groot, J., Jacobsen, P., James, A., Jenkins, T. A., Kylisova, K., Marks, E., Osborne, E. L., Remskar, M., & Underhill, R. (2023). Current tensions and challenges in mindfulness research and practice. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 53(4), 343–348. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s10879-023-09584-9CrossRef
go back to reference Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230–241. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bph077CrossRef Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230–241. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​clipsy.​bph077CrossRef
go back to reference Cahn, B. R., Goodman, M. S., Peterson, C. T., Maturi, R., & Mills, P. J. (2017). Yoga, meditation and mind-body health: Increased BDNF, cortisol awakening response, and altered inflammatory marker expression after a 3-month yoga and meditation retreat. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 315. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00315 Cahn, B. R., Goodman, M. S., Peterson, C. T., Maturi, R., & Mills, P. J. (2017). Yoga, meditation and mind-body health: Increased BDNF, cortisol awakening response, and altered inflammatory marker expression after a 3-month yoga and meditation retreat. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 315. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3389/​fnhum.​2017.​00315
go back to reference Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2013). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge.CrossRef Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2013). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge.CrossRef
go back to reference Diez, G. G., Martin-Subero, I., Zangri, R. M., Kulis, M., Andreu, C., Blanco, I., Roca, P., Cuesta, P., García, C., Garzón, J., Herradón, C., Riutort, M., Baliyan, S., Venero, C., & Vázquez, C. (2023). Epigenetic, psychological, and EEG changes after a 1-week retreat based on mindfulness and compassion for stress reduction in healthy adults: Study protocol of a cross-over randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 18(11), e0283169. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283169 Diez, G. G., Martin-Subero, I., Zangri, R. M., Kulis, M., Andreu, C., Blanco, I., Roca, P., Cuesta, P., García, C., Garzón, J., Herradón, C., Riutort, M., Baliyan, S., Venero, C., & Vázquez, C. (2023). Epigenetic, psychological, and EEG changes after a 1-week retreat based on mindfulness and compassion for stress reduction in healthy adults: Study protocol of a cross-over randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 18(11), e0283169. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1371/​journal.​pone.​0283169
go back to reference Feliu-Soler, A., Pascual, J. C., Elices, M., Martín-Blanco, A., Carmona, C., Cebolla, A., Simón, V., & Soler, J. (2017). Fostering self-compassion and loving-kindness in patients with borderline personality disorder: A randomized pilot study. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24(1), 278–286. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2000CrossRefPubMed Feliu-Soler, A., Pascual, J. C., Elices, M., Martín-Blanco, A., Carmona, C., Cebolla, A., Simón, V., & Soler, J. (2017). Fostering self-compassion and loving-kindness in patients with borderline personality disorder: A randomized pilot study. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24(1), 278–286. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​cpp.​2000CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Galante, J., Friedrich, C., Dawson, A. F., Modrego-Alarcón, M., Gebbing, P., Delgado-Suárez, I., Gupta, R., Dean, L., Dalgleish, T., White, I. R., & Jones, P. B. (2021). Mindfulness-based programmes for mental health promotion in adults in nonclinical settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLoS Medicine, 18(1), e1003481. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003481 Galante, J., Friedrich, C., Dawson, A. F., Modrego-Alarcón, M., Gebbing, P., Delgado-Suárez, I., Gupta, R., Dean, L., Dalgleish, T., White, I. R., & Jones, P. B. (2021). Mindfulness-based programmes for mental health promotion in adults in nonclinical settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLoS Medicine, 18(1), e1003481. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1371/​journal.​pmed.​1003481
go back to reference Gilbert, P., & Choden. (2013). Mindful compassion. Constable & Robinson. Gilbert, P., & Choden. (2013). Mindful compassion. Constable & Robinson.
go back to reference Kabat-Zinn, J. (2005). Coming to our senses: Healing ourselves and the world through mindfulness. Hachette UK. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2005). Coming to our senses: Healing ourselves and the world through mindfulness. Hachette UK.
go back to reference Kozasa, E. H., Lacerda, S. S., Menezes, C., Wallace, B. A., Radvany, J., Mello, L. E. A. M., & Sato, J. R. (2015). Effects of a 9-day Shamatha Buddhist meditation retreat on attention, mindfulness and self-compassion in participants with a broad range of meditation experience. Mindfulness, 6(6), 1235–1241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0385-8CrossRef Kozasa, E. H., Lacerda, S. S., Menezes, C., Wallace, B. A., Radvany, J., Mello, L. E. A. M., & Sato, J. R. (2015). Effects of a 9-day Shamatha Buddhist meditation retreat on attention, mindfulness and self-compassion in participants with a broad range of meditation experience. Mindfulness, 6(6), 1235–1241. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s12671-015-0385-8CrossRef
go back to reference Little, R. J., & Rubin, D. B. (2002). Statistical analysis with missing data. Wiley. Little, R. J., & Rubin, D. B. (2002). Statistical analysis with missing data. Wiley.
go back to reference Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​0005-7967(94)00075-u
go back to reference MacLean, K. A., Ferrer, E., Aichele, S. R., Bridwell, D. A., Zanesco, A. P., Jacobs, T. L., King, B. G., Rosenberg, E. L., Sahdra, B. K., Shaver, P. R., Wallace, B. A., Mangun, G. R., & Saron, C. D. (2010). Intensive meditation training improves perceptual discrimination and sustained attention. Psychological Science, 21(6), 829–839. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610371339CrossRefPubMed MacLean, K. A., Ferrer, E., Aichele, S. R., Bridwell, D. A., Zanesco, A. P., Jacobs, T. L., King, B. G., Rosenberg, E. L., Sahdra, B. K., Shaver, P. R., Wallace, B. A., Mangun, G. R., & Saron, C. D. (2010). Intensive meditation training improves perceptual discrimination and sustained attention. Psychological Science, 21(6), 829–839. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1177/​0956797610371339​CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ruiz, F. J., Peña-Vargas, A., Ramírez, E. S., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., García-Martín, M. B., García-Beltrán, D. M., Henao, Á. M., Monroy-Cifuentes, A., & Sánchez, P. D. (2020). Efficacy of a two-session repetitive negative thinking-focused acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) protocol for depression and generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized waitlist control trial. Psychotherapy, 57(3), 444–456. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000273CrossRefPubMed Ruiz, F. J., Peña-Vargas, A., Ramírez, E. S., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., García-Martín, M. B., García-Beltrán, D. M., Henao, Á. M., Monroy-Cifuentes, A., & Sánchez, P. D. (2020). Efficacy of a two-session repetitive negative thinking-focused acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) protocol for depression and generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized waitlist control trial. Psychotherapy, 57(3), 444–456. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​pst0000273CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Skwara, A. C., King, B. G., & Saron, C. D. (2017). Studies of training compassion: What have we learned; what remains unknown? In E. M. Seppälä, E. Simon-Thomas, S. L. Brown, M. C. Worline, C. D. Cameron, & J. R. Doty (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of compassion science (pp. 219–236). Oxford University Press. Skwara, A. C., King, B. G., & Saron, C. D. (2017). Studies of training compassion: What have we learned; what remains unknown? In E. M. Seppälä, E. Simon-Thomas, S. L. Brown, M. C. Worline, C. D. Cameron, & J. R. Doty (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of compassion science (pp. 219–236). Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Van Dam, N. T., van Vugt, M. K., Vago, D. R., Schmalzl, L., Saron, C. D., Olendzki, A., Meissner, T., Lazar, S. W., Kerr, C. E., Gorchov, J., Fox, K. C. R., Field, B. A., Britton, W. B., Brefczynski-Lewis, J. A., & Meyer, D. E. (2018). Mind the hype: A critical evaluation and prescriptive agenda for research on mindfulness and meditation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(1), 36–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617709589CrossRefPubMed Van Dam, N. T., van Vugt, M. K., Vago, D. R., Schmalzl, L., Saron, C. D., Olendzki, A., Meissner, T., Lazar, S. W., Kerr, C. E., Gorchov, J., Fox, K. C. R., Field, B. A., Britton, W. B., Brefczynski-Lewis, J. A., & Meyer, D. E. (2018). Mind the hype: A critical evaluation and prescriptive agenda for research on mindfulness and meditation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(1), 36–61. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1177/​1745691617709589​CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference vanOyen Witvliet, C., Knoll, R. W., Hinman, N. G., & DeYoung, P. A. (2010). Compassion-focused reappraisal, benefit-focused reappraisal, and rumination after an interpersonal offense: Emotion-regulation implications for subjective emotion, linguistic responses, and physiology. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(3), 226–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439761003790997CrossRef vanOyen Witvliet, C., Knoll, R. W., Hinman, N. G., & DeYoung, P. A. (2010). Compassion-focused reappraisal, benefit-focused reappraisal, and rumination after an interpersonal offense: Emotion-regulation implications for subjective emotion, linguistic responses, and physiology. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(3), 226–242. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1080/​1743976100379099​7CrossRef
go back to reference Zanesco, A. P., King, B. G., MacLean, K. A., Jacobs, T. L., Aichele, S. R., Wallace, B. A., Smallwood, J., Schooler, J. W., & Saron, C. D. (2016). Meditation training influences mind wandering and mindless reading. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 3(1), 12–33. https://doi.org/10.1037/cns0000082CrossRef Zanesco, A. P., King, B. G., MacLean, K. A., Jacobs, T. L., Aichele, S. R., Wallace, B. A., Smallwood, J., Schooler, J. W., & Saron, C. D. (2016). Meditation training influences mind wandering and mindless reading. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 3(1), 12–33. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​cns0000082CrossRef
go back to reference Zangri, R. M., Andreu, C. I., Nieto, I., González-Garzón, A. M., & Vázquez, C. (2022). Efficacy of mindfulness to regulate induced emotions in the laboratory: A systematic review and meta-analysis of self-report and biobehavioral measures. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 143, 104957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104957 Zangri, R. M., Andreu, C. I., Nieto, I., González-Garzón, A. M., & Vázquez, C. (2022). Efficacy of mindfulness to regulate induced emotions in the laboratory: A systematic review and meta-analysis of self-report and biobehavioral measures. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 143, 104957. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​neubiorev.​2022.​104957
Metagegevens
Titel
Psychological Changes Following MBSR and CCT Interventions in a Brief and Intensive Retreat Format: A Sequential Randomized Crossover Study
Auteurs
Rosaria Maria Zangri
Pablo Roca
Ivan Blanco
Marta Kulis
Gustavo G. Diez
Jose Ignacio Martin-Subero
Carmelo Vázquez
Publicatiedatum
29-07-2024
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Mindfulness / Uitgave 8/2024
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02410-w