Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-02-2020 | Original Article

Psychiatric Disorders in the Adolescent Offspring of Mothers with Thyroid Problems During Pregnancy

Auteurs: Jacob Young, Calan Savoy, Ian Colman, Mark Ferro, Ryan J. Van Lieshout

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 3/2020

Abstract

Maternal thyroid problems during pregnancy have been linked to neurocognitive impairments in children. While studies suggest that disorders of maternal thyroid function during pregnancy are associated with symptoms of mental health problems in children, little is known about the risk of clinically significant psychiatric disorders in adolescence. A sample of 2451 Canadian adolescents enrolled in the Ontario Child Health Study completed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents at 12–17 years of age. Their mothers self-reported thyroid problems during pregnancy. Gestational thyroid problems were associated with offspring oppositional defiant disorder (ODD; OR 3.73; 95% CI 1.69–8.24), conduct disorder (CD; OR 12.95; 95% CI 5.12–32.75), and social anxiety disorder (SAD; OR 6.25; 95% CI 2.53–15.47). Neither sex nor gestational age moderated associations between prenatal thyroid dysfunction and the majority of outcomes. School performance mediated 8% of the association between thyroid problems and SAD, 21% for CD and 53% for ODD.

vorige artikel The Work and Social Adjustment Scale, Youth and Parent Versions: Psychometric Evaluation of a Brief Measure of Functional Impairment in Young People

volgende artikel Attachment Facilitates Acculturative Learning and Adversity Moderates: Validating the Theory of Epistemic Trust in a Natural Experiment

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Stagnaro-Green A (2011) Overt hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 54(3):478–487PubMedCrossRef

Teng W, Shan Z, Patil-Sisodia K, Cooper DS (2013) Hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 1(3):228–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70109-8 CrossRefPubMed

Casey BM, Dashe JS, Wells CE, McIntire DD, Leveno KJ, Cunningham FG (2006) Subclinical hyperthyroidism and pregnancy outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 107(2):337–341PubMedCrossRef

Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, Brown RS, Chen H, Dosiou C, Peeters RP (2017) 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid 27(3):315–389PubMedCrossRef

Springer D, Jiskra J, Limanova Z, Zima T, Potlukova E (2017) Thyroid in pregnancy: from physiology to screening. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 54(2):102–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408363.2016.1269309 CrossRefPubMed

Carney LA, Quinlan JD, West JM (2014) Thyroid disease in pregnancy. Am Fam Physician 89(4):273–278PubMed

Tong Z, Xiaowen Z, Baomin C, Aihua L, Yingying Z, Weiping T, Zhongyan S (2016) The effect of subclinical maternal thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity on intrauterine growth restriction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 95(19):e3677. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000003677 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fan X, Wu L (2016) The impact of thyroid abnormalities during pregnancy on subsequent neuropsychological development of the offspring: a meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 29(24):3971–3976. https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2016.1152248 CrossRefPubMed

Ghassabian A, Henrichs J, Tiemeier H (2014) Impact of mild thyroid hormone deficiency in pregnancy on cognitive function in children: lessons from the Generation R Study. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 28(2):221–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2013.04.008 CrossRefPubMed

10.

Henrichs J, Bongers-Schokking JJ, Schenk JJ, Ghassabian A, Schmidt HG, Visser TJ, Tiemeier H (2010) Maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy and cognitive functioning in early childhood: the generation R study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95(9):4227–4234. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-0415 CrossRefPubMed

11.

Henrichs J, Ghassabian A, Peeters RP, Tiemeier H (2013) Maternal hypothyroxinemia and effects on cognitive functioning in childhood: how and why? Clin Endocrinol 79(2):152–162. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.12227 CrossRef

12.

Julvez J, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Rebagliato M, Murcia M, Forns J, Garcia-Esteban R, Sunyer J (2013) Thyroxine levels during pregnancy in healthy women and early child neurodevelopment. Epidemiology 24(1):150–157. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e318276ccd3 CrossRefPubMed

13.

Krassas G, Karras SN, Pontikides N (2015) Thyroid diseases during pregnancy: a number of important issues. Hormones 14(1):59–69PubMedCrossRef

14.

Li Y, Shan Z, Teng W, Yu X, Li Y, Fan C, Hua T (2010) Abnormalities of maternal thyroid function during pregnancy affect neuropsychological development of their children at 25–30 months. Clin Endocrinol 72(6):825–829. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03743.x CrossRef

15.

Min H, Dong J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Teng W, Xi Q, Chen J (2016) Maternal hypothyroxinemia-induced neurodevelopmental impairments in the progeny. Mol Neurobiol 53(3):1613–1624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9101-x CrossRefPubMed

16.

Puig-Domingo M, Vila L (2013) The implications of iodine and its supplementation during pregnancy in fetal brain development. Curr Clin Pharmacol 8(2):97–109PubMedCrossRef

17.

Trumpff C, De Schepper J, Tafforeau J, Van Oyen H, Vanderfaeillie J, Vandevijvere S (2013) Mild iodine deficiency in pregnancy in Europe and its consequences for cognitive and psychomotor development of children: a review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 27(3):174–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2013.01.002 CrossRefPubMed

18.

Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC, Williams JR, Knight GJ, Gagnon J, Klein RZ (1999) Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. N Engl J Med 341(8):549–555. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199908193410801 CrossRefPubMed

19.

Hynes KL, Otahal P, Hay I, Burgess JR (2013) Mild iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with reduced educational outcomes in the offspring: 9-year follow-up of the gestational iodine cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(5):1954–1962. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-4249 CrossRefPubMed

20.

Klein RZ, Sargent JD, Larsen PR, Waisbren SE, Haddow JE, Mitchell ML (2001) Relation of severity of maternal hypothyroidism to cognitive development of offspring. J Med Screen 8(1):18–20. https://doi.org/10.1136/jms.8.1.18 CrossRefPubMed

21.

Jansen TA, Korevaar TI, Mulder TA, White T, Muetzel RL, Peeters RP, Tiemeier H (2019) Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy and child brain morphology: a time window-specific analysis of a prospective cohort. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 7(8):629–637PubMedCrossRef

22.

Skeaff SA (2011) Iodine deficiency in pregnancy: the effect on neurodevelopment in the child. Nutrients 3(2):265–273. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu3020265 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

23.

Horn S, Heuer H (2010) Thyroid hormone action during brain development: more questions than answers. Mol Cell Endocrinol 315(1–2):19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2009.09.008 CrossRefPubMed

24.

Patel J, Landers K, Li H, Mortimer RH, Richard K (2011) Thyroid hormones and fetal neurological development. J Endocrinol 209(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-10-0444 CrossRefPubMed

25.

Preau L, Fini JB, Morvan-Dubois G, Demeneix B (2015) Thyroid hormone signaling during early neurogenesis and its significance as a vulnerable window for endocrine disruption. Biochim Biophys Acta 1849(2):112–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.06.015 CrossRefPubMed

26.

Kroopnick JM, Kim CS (2016) Overview of hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Semin Reprod Med 34(6):323–330. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1593488 CrossRefPubMed

27.

Yen PM (2001) Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiol Rev 81(3):1097–1142. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1097 CrossRefPubMed

28.

Georgiades K, Duncan L, Wang L, Comeau J, Boyle MH (2019) Six-month prevalence of mental disorders and service contacts among children and youth in Ontario: evidence from the 2014 Ontario child health study. Can J Psychiatry 64(4):246–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719830024 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

29.

Kessler RC, Avenevoli S, Costello EJ, Georgiades K, Green JG, Gruber MJ, Merikangas KR (2012) Prevalence, persistence, and sociodemographic correlates of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement. Arch Gen Psychiatry 69(4):372–380. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.160 CrossRefPubMed

30.

Kim-Cohen J, Caspi A, Moffitt TE, Harrington H, Milne BJ, Poulton R (2003) Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60(7):709–717. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.7.709 CrossRefPubMed

31.

Gyllenberg D, Sourander A, Surcel HM, Hinkka-Yli-Salomaki S, McKeague IW, Brown AS (2016) Hypothyroxinemia during gestation and offspring schizophrenia in a national birth cohort. Biol Psychiatry 79(12):962–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.06.014 CrossRefPubMed

32.

Ghassabian A, Bongers-Schokking JJ, de Rijke YB, van Mil N, Jaddoe VW, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM, Tiemeier H (2012) Maternal thyroid autoimmunity during pregnancy and the risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity problems in children: the Generation R Study. Thyroid 22(2):178–186. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2011.0318 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

33.

Ghassabian A, Bongers-Schokking JJ, Henrichs J, Jaddoe VW, Visser TJ, Visser W, Tiemeier H (2011) Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy and behavioral problems in the offspring: the generation R study. Pediatr Res 69(5 Pt 1):454–459. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e3182125b0c CrossRefPubMed

34.

Vermiglio F, Lo Presti VP, Moleti M, Sidoti M, Tortorella G, Scaffidi G, Trimarchi F (2004) Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders in the offspring of mothers exposed to mild-moderate iodine deficiency: a possible novel iodine deficiency disorder in developed countries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89(12):6054–6060. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0571 CrossRefPubMed

35.

Boyle MH, Georgiades K, Duncan L, Comeau J, Wang L (2019) The 2014 Ontario child health study-methodology. Can J Psychiatry 64(4):237–245. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719833675 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

36.

Dzakpasu S, Kaczorowski J, Chalmers B, Heaman M, Duggan J, Neusy E (2008) The Canadian maternity experiences survey: design and methods. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 30(3):207–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1701-2163(16)32757-8 CrossRefPubMed

37.

Frank AS, Lupattelli A, Matteson DS, Nordeng H (2018) Maternal use of thyroid hormone replacement therapy before, during, and after pregnancy: agreement between self-report and prescription records and group-based trajectory modeling of prescription patterns. Clin Epidemiol 10:1801PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

38.

Pisa FE, Casetta A, Clagnan E, Michelesio E, Brumatti LV, Barbone F (2015) Medication use during pregnancy, gestational age and date of delivery: agreement between maternal self-reports and health database information in a cohort. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 15(1):310PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

39.

Sarangarm P, Young B, Rayburn W, Jaiswal P, Dodd M, Phelan S, Bakhireva L (2012) Agreement between self-report and prescription data in medical records for pregnant women. Birth Defects Res A 94(3):153–161CrossRef

40.

Duncan L, Georgiades K, Wang L, Van Lieshout RJ, MacMillan HL, Ferro MA, Kata A (2017) Psychometric evaluation of the mini international neuropsychiatric interview for children and adolescents (MINI-KID). Psychol Assess 30(7):916PubMedCrossRef

41.

Sheehan DV, Sheehan KH, Shytle RD, Janavs J, Bannon Y, Rogers JE, Wilkinson B (2010) Reliability and validity of the mini international neuropsychiatric interview for children and adolescents (MINI-KID). J Clin Psychiatry 71(3):313–326PubMedCrossRef

42.

Becker JB, McClellan M, Reed BG (2016) Sociocultural context for sex differences in addiction. Addict Biol 21(5):1052–1059PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

43.

Bohnert KM, Breslau N (2008) Stability of psychiatric outcomes of low birth weight: a longitudinal investigation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 65(9):1080–1086PubMedCrossRef

44.

Costello EJ, Worthman C, Erkanli A, Angold A (2007) Prediction from low birth weight to female adolescent depression: a test of competing hypotheses. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64(3):338–344PubMedCrossRef

45.

Van Lieshout RJ, Boyle MH (2011) Is bigger better? Macrosomia and psychopathology later in life. Obes Rev 12(5):e405–e411PubMedCrossRef

46.

Bradley RH, Corwyn RF (2002) Socioeconomic status and child development. Annu Rev Psychol 53(1):371–399PubMedCrossRef

47.

Bo S, Menato G, Bardelli C, Lezo A, Signorile A, Repetti E, Pagano GF (2002) Low socioeconomic status as a risk factor for gestational diabetes. Diabetes Metab 28:139–140PubMed

48.

Silva LM, Coolman M, Steegers EA, Jaddoe VW, Moll HA, Hofman A, Raat H (2008) Low socioeconomic status is a risk factor for preeclampsia: the Generation R Study. J Hypertens 26(6):1200–1208PubMedCrossRef

49.

Wolfson M, Evans J (1992) Statistics Canada’s low-income cut-offs: methodological concerns and possibilities. Statistics Canada, Ottawa

50.

Fitzpatrick K, Tuffnell D, Kurinczuk J, Knight M (2017) Pregnancy at very advanced maternal age: a UK population-based cohort study. BJOG 124(7):1097–1106PubMedCrossRef

51.

Allen NB, Lewinsohn PM, Seeley JR (1998) Prenatal and perinatal influences on risk for psychopathology in childhood and adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 10(3):513–529PubMedCrossRef

52.

Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Biederman J, Faraone SV, Robin JA, Friedman D, Rosenthal JM, Rosenbaum JF (2004) Pregnancy complications associated with childhood anxiety disorders. Depress Anxiety 19(3):152–162PubMedCrossRef

53.

Basraon S, Costantine MM (2011) Mood disorders in pregnant women with thyroid dysfunction. Clin Obstet Gynecol 54(3):506–514. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0b013e3182273089 CrossRefPubMed

54.

Dama M, Steiner M, Lieshout RV (2016) Thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies and perinatal depression risk: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 198:108–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.021 CrossRefPubMed

55.

Oyserman D, Bybee D, Mowbray C (2002) Influences of maternal mental illness on psychological outcomes for adolescent children. J Adolesc 25(6):587–602PubMedCrossRef

56.

Wittchen H-U (2010) Screening for serious mental illness: methodological studies of the K6 screening scale. J Methods Psychiatric Res 19(S1):1–3CrossRef

57.

Prochaska JJ, Sung HY, Max W, Shi Y, Ong M (2012) Validity study of the K6 scale as a measure of moderate mental distress based on mental health treatment need and utilization. Int J Methods Psychiatric Res 21(2):88–97CrossRef

58.

Van Lieshout RJ, Boylan K (2010) Increased depressive symptoms in female but not male adolescents born at low birth weight in the offspring of a national cohort. Can J Psychiatry 55(7):422–430PubMedCrossRef

59.

Mathewson KJ, Chow CH, Dobson KG, Pope EI, Schmidt LA, Van Lieshout RJ (2017) Mental health of extremely low birth weight survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 143(4):347PubMedCrossRef

60.

Van Lieshout RJ, Boyle MH, Saigal S, Morrison K, Schmidt LA (2015) Mental health of extremely low birth weight survivors in their 30s. Pediatrics 135(3):452–459PubMedCrossRef

61.

Edelmann MN, Auger AP (2011) Epigenetic impact of simulated maternal grooming on estrogen receptor alpha within the developing amygdala. Brain Behav Immun 25(7):1299–1304PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

62.

Bermejo-Alvarez P, Rizos D, Lonergan P, Gutierrez-Adan A (2011) Transcriptional sexual dimorphism during preimplantation embryo development and its consequences for developmental competence and adult health and disease. Reproduction 141(5):563–570PubMedCrossRef

63.

Bai S, Repetti RL (2018) Negative and positive emotion responses to daily school problems: links to internalizing and externalizing symptoms. J Abnorm Child Psychol 46(3):423–435PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

64.

MacKinnon DP (2000) Contrasts in multiple mediator models. In: J Rose, L Chassin, CC Presson, SJ Sherman (eds) Multivariate applications in substance use research: new methods for new questions. Psychology press, New York, pp 141–160.

65.

MacKinnon DP, Lockwood CM, Hoffman JM, West SG, Sheets V (2002) A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychol Methods 7(1):83PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

66.

Andersen SL, Carle A, Karmisholt J, Pedersen IB, Andersen S (2017) Mechanisms in endocrinology: neurodevelopmental disorders in children born to mothers with thyroid dysfunction: evidence of fetal programming? Eur J Endocrinol 177(1):R27–R36. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-16-0947 CrossRefPubMed

67.

Korevaar TI, Muetzel R, Medici M, Chaker L, Jaddoe VW, de Rijke YB, Peeters RP (2016) Association of maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy with offspring IQ and brain morphology in childhood: a population-based prospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 4(1):35–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00327-7 CrossRefPubMed

68.

Ahmed OM, El-Gareib A, El-Bakry A, El-Tawab SA, Ahmed R (2008) Thyroid hormones states and brain development interactions. Int J Dev Neurosci 26(2):147–209PubMedCrossRef

69.

Moog NK, Entringer S, Heim C, Wadhwa PD, Kathmann N, Buss C (2017) Influence of maternal thyroid hormones during gestation on fetal brain development. Neuroscience 342:68–100PubMedCrossRef

70.

Ameis SH, Ducharme S, Albaugh MD, Hudziak JJ, Botteron KN, Lepage C, Lerch JP (2014) Cortical thickness, cortico-amygdalar networks, and externalizing behaviors in healthy children. Biol Psychiatry 75(1):65–72PubMedCrossRef

71.

Andersen SL, Olsen J, Wu CS, Laurberg P (2014) Psychiatric disease in late adolescence and young adulthood. Foetal programming by maternal hypothyroidism? Clin Endocrinol 81(1):126–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.12415 CrossRef

72.

Kessler RC, Angermeyer M, Anthony JC, De Graaf R, Demyttenaere K, Gasquet I, Haro JM (2007) Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey Initiative. World Psychiatry 6(3):168PubMedPubMedCentral

73.

Miranda A, Sousa N (2018) Maternal hormonal milieu influence on fetal brain development. Brain Behav 8(2):e00920PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

74.

Herman JP, Ostrander MM, Mueller NK, Figueiredo H (2005) Limbic system mechanisms of stress regulation: hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29(8):1201–1213PubMedCrossRef

75.

Andersen SL, Laurberg P, Wu CS, Olsen J (2014) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in children born to mothers with thyroid dysfunction: a Danish nationwide cohort study. BJOG 121(11):1365–1374. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12681 CrossRefPubMed

76.

Pakkila F, Mannisto T, Pouta A, Hartikainen AL, Ruokonen A, Surcel HM, Suvanto E (2014) The impact of gestational thyroid hormone concentrations on ADHD symptoms of the child. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99(1):E1–E8. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-2943 CrossRefPubMed

77.

Andersen SL, Andersen S, Vestergaard P, Olsen J (2018) Maternal thyroid function in early pregnancy and child neurodevelopmental disorders: a Danish nationwide case-cohort study. Thyroid 28(4):537–546PubMedCrossRef

78.

Coy K, Speltz ML, DeKlyen M, Jones K (2001) Social–cognitive processes in preschool boys with and without oppositional defiant disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol 29(2):107–119PubMedCrossRef

79.

Matthys W, Vanderschuren LJ, Schutter DJ, Lochman JE (2012) Impaired neurocognitive functions affect social learning processes in oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: implications for interventions. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 15(3):234–246PubMedCrossRef

80.

Chamorro-Premuzic T, Furnham A (2008) Personality, intelligence and approaches to learning as predictors of academic performance. Pers Individ Differ 44(7):1596–1603CrossRef

81.

Spinath B, Spinath FM, Harlaar N, Plomin R (2006) Predicting school achievement from general cognitive ability, self-perceived ability, and intrinsic value. Intelligence 34(4):363–374CrossRef

82.

Johnson AC (2015) Developmental pathways to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior disorders: Investigating the impact of the stress response on executive functioning. Clin Psychol Rev 36:1–12PubMedCrossRef

83.

Noordermeer SD, Luman M, Greven CU, Veroude K, Faraone SV, Hartman CA, Heslenfeld DJ (2017) Structural brain abnormalities of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with oppositional defiant disorder. Biol Psychiatry 82(9):642–650PubMedCrossRef

84.

Da Fonseca D, Cury F, Santos A, Sarrazin P, Poinso F, Deruelle C (2010) How to increase academic performance in children with oppositional defiant disorder? An implicit theory effect. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 41(3):234–237PubMedCrossRef

85.

Earl R, Crowther CA, Middleton P (2013) Interventions for hyperthyroidism pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11:CD008633

86.

Kessler RC, Green JG, Gruber MJ, Sampson NA, Bromet E, Cuitan M, Hu CY (2010) Screening for serious mental illness in the general population with the K6 screening scale: results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative. Int J Methods Psychiatric Res 19(S1):4–22CrossRef

Titel: Psychiatric Disorders in the Adolescent Offspring of Mothers with Thyroid Problems During Pregnancy
Auteurs: Jacob Young
Calan Savoy
Ian Colman
Mark Ferro
Ryan J. Van Lieshout
Publicatiedatum: 01-02-2020
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 3/2020
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-00957-y

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2020

Attachment Facilitates Acculturative Learning and Adversity Moderates: Validating the Theory of Epistemic Trust in a Natural Experiment

The Association Between Persistence and Change in Early Childhood Behavioural Problems and Preschool Cognitive Outcomes

White Matter Tract Integrity, Involvement in Sports, and Depressive Symptoms in Children

Separation Anxiety Symptom Profiles and Parental Accommodation Across Pediatric Anxiety Disorders

Parents’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Experiences in Child Sexual Abuse Prevention in El Salvador

Conflict with Parents in Adolescent Depression: Associations with Parental Interpersonal Problems and Depressive Symptoms