29-07-2020 | Empirical Research | Uitgave 10/2020 Open Access

Prospective Pathways to Depressive Symptoms and Disordered Eating in Adolescence: A 7-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study
- Tijdschrift:
- Journal of Youth and Adolescence > Uitgave 10/2020
Introduction
Current Study
Methods
Participants
Characteristic
|
Number of respondents
|
Full sample (
N = 8195)
n (%)
|
Girls (
n = 4040)
n (%)
|
Boys (
n = 4155)
n (%)
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Child ethnicity
|
7333
|
|||
White
|
7035 (85.8)
|
3454 (85.5)
|
3581 (86,2)
|
|
Non-white
|
298 (8.6)
|
152 (3.8)
|
146 (3.5)
|
|
Maternal education
|
7448
|
|||
University degree
|
1199 (14.6)
|
609 (15.1)
|
590 (14.2)
|
|
A-level
|
1977 (24.1)
|
993 (24.6)
|
984 (23.7)
|
|
GCSE or O-level
|
3363 (41.0)
|
1614 (40.0)
|
1749 (42.1)
|
|
Vocational
|
647 (7.9)
|
306 (7.6)
|
341 (8.2)
|
|
Certified secondary education
|
262 (3.2)
|
134 (3.3)
|
128 (3.1)
|
|
Maternal social class
|
6671
|
|||
Professional
|
275 (3.4)
|
130 (3.2)
|
145 (3.5)
|
|
Managerial and technical
|
2134 (26.0)
|
1050 (26.0)
|
1084 (26.1)
|
|
Skilled non-manual
|
2847 (34.7)
|
1390 (34.4)
|
1457 (35.1)
|
|
Skilled manual
|
237 (2.9)
|
113 (2.8)
|
124 (3.0)
|
|
Partly skilled
|
990 (12.1)
|
468 (11.6)
|
522 (12.6)
|
|
Unskilled
|
188 (2.3)
|
92 (2.3)
|
96 (2.3)
|
|
Maternal age at delivery
|
7746
|
|||
<25 years
|
1214 (14.8)
|
617 (15.2)
|
597 (14.4)
|
|
25-29 years
|
3061 (37.4)
|
1507 (37.3)
|
1554 (37.4)
|
|
30-34 years
|
2524 (30.8)
|
1254 (31.0)
|
1270 (30.6)
|
|
35+
|
947 (11.6)
|
429 (10.6)
|
518 (12.5)
|
|
Maternal history of an eating disorder
|
6412
|
278 (3.4)
|
135 (3.3)
|
143 (3.4)
|
Anorexia nervosa
|
138 (1.7)
|
61 (1.5)
|
77 (1.9)
|
|
Bulimia
|
201 (2.5)
|
104 (2.6)
|
97 (2.3)
|
|
Maternal history of depression
|
5737
|
1258 (15.4)
|
639 (15.8)
|
619 (14.9)
|
Measures
Girls
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable
|
Number of respondents
|
Source
|
Scale range
|
Mean
|
SD
|
Variable
|
||||||
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
||||||
1. BMI z-score (7 years)
|
4040
|
Clinic
|
–
|
0.14
|
0.03
|
|||||||
2. BMI z-score (11 years)
|
3287
|
Clinic
|
–
|
0.25
|
1.17
|
0.87**
|
||||||
3. Depressive symptoms (11 years)
|
3253
|
Clinic
|
0 – 26
|
3.84
|
3.49
|
0.01
|
0.26
|
|||||
4. Body dissatisfaction (11 years)
|
3038
|
Questionnaire
|
−4 – +4
|
0.26
|
0.68
|
0.50**
|
0.57**
|
0.06*
|
||||
5. Breast developmental stage (13 years)
|
2500
|
Questionnaire
|
1 – 5
|
3.5
|
0.90
|
0.26**
|
0.30**
|
−0.02
|
0.13**
|
|||
6. Depressive symptoms (14 years)
|
2735
|
Clinic
|
0 – 26
|
5.73
|
4.91
|
0.07**
|
0.08**
|
0.26**
|
0.07**
|
0.10**
|
||
7. Disordered eating (14 years)
|
2588
|
Questionnaire
|
0 – 8
|
1.63
|
1.58
|
0.34**
|
0.37**
|
0.18**
|
0.27**
|
0.16**
|
0.35**
|
Boys
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable
|
Number of respondents
|
Source
|
Scale range
|
Mean
|
SD
|
Variable
|
||||||
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
||||||
1. BMI z-score (7 years)
|
4155
|
Clinic
|
–
|
0.13
|
1.06
|
|||||||
2. BMI z-score (11 years)
|
3249
|
Clinic
|
–
|
0.36
|
1.16
|
0.86**
|
||||||
3. Depressive symptoms (11 years)
|
3196
|
Clinic
|
0 – 26
|
4.14
|
3.44
|
0.00
|
0.01
|
|||||
4. Body dissatisfaction (11 years)
|
2791
|
Questionnaire
|
−4 – +4
|
0.07
|
0.64
|
0.48**
|
0.53**
|
0.04*
|
||||
5. Height z-score (13 years)
|
2926
|
Clinic
|
–
|
0.45
|
1.05
|
0.26**
|
0.30**
|
−0.03
|
0.13**
|
|||
6. Depressive symptoms (14 years)
|
2636
|
Clinic
|
0 – 26
|
4.13
|
3.85
|
−0.00
|
0.02
|
0.33**
|
0.04
|
0.01
|
||
7. Disordered eating (14 years)
|
2036
|
Questionnaire
|
0 – 8
|
0.73
|
1.11
|
0.34**
|
0.40**
|
0.11**
|
0.25**
|
0.08**
|
0.16**
|