Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-07-2014 | Empirical Research

Prosocial Behavior as a Protective Factor for Children’s Peer Victimization

Auteurs: Emily R. Griese, Eric S. Buhs

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 7/2014

Abstract

A majority of peer victimization research focuses on its associations with negative outcomes, yet efforts to understand possible protective factors that may mitigate these negative outcomes also require attention. The present study was an investigation of the potential moderating effect of prosocial behaviors on loneliness for youth who are peer victimized. Participants were fourth and fifth grade students (511 total; 49 % boys) who were primarily European American (43.4 %) and Hispanic (48.2 %). Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the interaction of prosocial behavior and peer victimization (relational and overt forms) on loneliness 1 year later. The results indicated that prosocial behavior significantly moderated the relationship between peer victimization (for the relational form only) and loneliness while controlling for levels of perceived peer support. A multi-group comparison by gender further indicated the moderation was significant for boys only. Potential implications for intervention/prevention efforts focused on developing children’s prosocial skills as a possible protective factor for relationally victimized youth are discussed.

vorige artikel Parsing Protection and Risk for Problem Behavior Versus Pro-social Behavior Among US and Chinese Adolescents

volgende artikel Exposure to Violence Predicting Cortisol Response During Adolescence and Early Adulthood: Understanding Moderating Factors

Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Arbuckle, J. L. (1996). Full information estimation in the presence of incomplete data. In G. A. Marcoulides & R. E. Schumacker (Eds.), Advanced structural equation modeling: Issues and techniques. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Asher, S. R., & Paquette, J. A. (2003). Loneliness and peer relations in childhood. Current Directions In Psychological Science, 12(3), 75–78. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.01233.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.PubMedCrossRef

Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497–529. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497.PubMedCrossRef

Berger, K. S. (2007). Update on bullying at school: Science forgotten? Developmental Review, 27, 90–126. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2006.08.002.CrossRef

Björkqvist, K., Lagerspetz, K. M., & Kaukiainen, A. (1992). Do girls manipulate and boys fight? Developmental trends in regard to direct and indirect aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 18(2), 117–127. doi:10.1002/1098-2337(1992)18:2<117::AID-AB2480180205>3.0.CO;2-3.

Blackhart, G. C., Baumeister, R. F., & Twenge, J. M. (2006). Rejection’s impact on self-defeating, prosocial, antisocial, and self-regulatory behaviors. In K. D. Vohs & E. J. Finkel (Eds.), Self and relationships: Connecting intrapersonal and interpersonal processes (pp. 237–253). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Boulton, M. J., & Smith, P. K. (1994). Bully/victim problems in middle school children: Stability, self-perceived competence, peer-perceptions and peer acceptance. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 12, 315–329.CrossRef

Boulton, M. J., Trueman, M., & Murray, L. (2008). Associations between peer victimization, fear of future victimization and disrupted concentration on class work among junior school pupils. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 78(3), 473–489. doi:10.1348/000709908X320471.PubMedCrossRef

Buhs, E., Ladd, G., & Herald, S. (2006). Peer exclusion and victimization: Processes that mediate the relation between peer group rejection and children’s classroom engagement and achievement? Journal of Educational Psychology, 98, 1–13. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.98.1.1.CrossRef

Buhs, E. S., McGinley, M., & Toland, M. D. (2010). Overt and relational victimization in Latinos and European Americans: Measurement equivalence across ethnicity, gender, and grade level in early adolescent groups. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 30(1), 171–197. doi:10.1177/0272431609350923.

Card, N. A., Stucky, B. D., Sawalani, G. M., & Little, T. D. (2008). Direct and indirect aggression during childhood and adolescence: A metaanalytic review of gender differences, intercorrelations, and relations to maladjustment. Child Development, 79, 1185–1229. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01184.x.PubMedCrossRef

Carlo, G., & Randall, B. A. (2001). Are all prosocial behaviors equal? A socioecological developmental conception of prosocial behavior. In F. Columbus (Ed.), Advances in psychology research (Vol. III, pp. 151–170). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.

Cassidy, J., & Asher, S. R. (1992). Loneliness and peer relations in young children. Child Development, 63(2), 350–365. doi:10.2307/1131484.PubMedCrossRef

Cillessen, A. N. (2006). Peer rejection: Bridging theory and application. Human Development, 49(1), 44–53. doi:10.1159/000090304.CrossRef

Coie, J., Terry, R., Lenox, K., Lochman, J., & Hyman, C. (1995). Childhood peer rejection and aggression as predictors of stable patterns of adolescent disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 697–713. doi:10.1017/S0954579400006799.CrossRef

Coyne, S., Archer, J., & Eslea, M. (2006). “We’re not friends anymore! Unless…”: The frequency of indirect, relational, and social aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 294–307. doi:10.1002/ab.20126.CrossRef

Crick, N. R., & Bigbee, M. A. (1998). Relational and overt forms of peer victimization: A multiinformant approach. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 6, 337–347. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.66.2.337.CrossRef

Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66(3), 710–722. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00900.x.

Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1996). Children’s treatment by peers: Victims of relational and overt aggression. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 367–380. doi:10.1017/S0954579400007148.CrossRef

Crick, N. R., & Nelson, D. A. (2002). Relational and physical victimization within friendships: Nobody told me there'd be friends like these. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30(6), 599–607. doi:10.1023/A:1020811714064.

Davidson, L. M., & Demaray, M. (2007). Social support as a moderator between victimization and internalizing–externalizing distress from bullying. School Psychology Review, 36(3), 383–405.

Degirmencioglu, S. M., Urberg, K. A., Tolson, J. M., & Richard, P. (1998). Adolescent friendship networks: Continuity and change over the school year. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 44(3), 313–337.

de Guzman, M. T., Carlo, G., & Edwards, C. (2008). Prosocial behaviors in context: Examining the role of children's social companions. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32(6), 522–530. doi:10.1177/0165025408095557.

Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1998). Prosocial development. In W. Damon (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development (Vol. 3, pp. 701–778). New York: Wiley.

Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Spinrad, T. L. (2006). Prosocial development. In N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.), W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Series Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development (Vol. 3, pp. 646–718). New York: Wiley.

Espelage, D. L., Bosworth, K., & Simon, T. R. (2001). Short-term stability and prospective correlates of bullying in middle-school students: An examination of potential demographic, psychosocial, and environmental influences. Violence and Victims, 16(4), 411–426.PubMed

Frydenberg, E., & Lewis, R. (1993). Adolescent Coping Scale. Melbourne: Australian Council for Educational Research.

Greener, S., & Crick, N. R. (1999). Normative beliefs about prosocial behavior in middle childhood: What does it mean to be nice? Social Development, 8(3), 349–363.CrossRef

Hanish, L. D., & Guerra, N. G. (2002). A longitudinal analysis of patterns of adjustment following peer victimization. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 69–89. doi:10.1017/S0954579402001049.PubMedCrossRef

Heinrich, L., & Gullone, E. (2006). The clinical significance of loneliness: A literature review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(6), 695–718. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.04.002.PubMedCrossRef

Hodges, E. V., Boivin, M., Vitaro, F., & Bukowski, W. M. (1999). The power of friendship: Protection against an escalating cycle of peer victimization. Developmental Psychology, 35, 94–101. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.35.1.94.PubMedCrossRef

Holt, M. K., & Espelage, D. L. (2007). Perceived social support among bullies, victims, and bully-victims. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36(8), 984–994. doi:10.1007/s10964-006-9153-3.

Hoover, J. H., Oliver, R. L., & Hazler, R. J. (1992). Bullying: Perceptions of adolescent victims in the Midwestern U.S.A. School Psychology International, 13, 5–16. doi:10.1177/0143034392131001.CrossRef

Hymel, S., Wagner, E., & Butler, L. J. (1990). Reputational bias: View from the peer group. In S. R. Asher & J. D. Coie (Eds.), Peer rejection in childhood (pp. 156–186). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Kochenderfer, B. J., & Ladd, G. W. (1997). Victimized children’s responses to peers’ aggression: Behaviors associated with reduced versus continued victimization. Development and Psychopathology, 9(1), 59–73. doi:10.1017/S0954579497001065.PubMedCrossRef

Kochenderfer-Ladd, B., & Ladd, G. (2001). Variations in peer victimization: Relations to children’s maladjustment. In J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized (pp. 25–48). New York: The Guildford Press.

Kochenderfer-Ladd, B., & Wardrop, J. L. (2001). Chronicity and instability of children’s peer victimization experiences as predictors of loneliness and social satisfaction trajectories. Child Development, 72(1), 134–151. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00270.PubMedCrossRef

Ladd, G. W., Kochenderfer, B. J., & Coleman, C. C. (1996). Friendship quality as a predictor of young children’s early school adjustment. Child Development, 67, 1103–1118. doi:10.2307/1131882.PubMedCrossRef

Ladd, G. W., & Kochenderfer-Ladd, B. (2002). Identifying victims of peer aggression from early to middle childhood: Analysis of cross-informant data for concordance, estimation of relational adjustment, prevalence of victimization, and characteristics of identified victims. Psychological Assessment, 14(1), 74–96. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.14.1.74.PubMedCrossRef

La Greca, A. M., & Harrison, H. (2005). Adolescent Peer Relations, Friendships, and Romantic Relationships: Do They Predict Social Anxiety and Depression? Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 34(1), 49–61. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3401_5.

Laible, D. J., & Carlo, G. (2004). The differential relations of maternal and paternal support and control to adolescent social competence, self-worth, and sympathy. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19, 759–782. doi:10.1177/0743558403260094.CrossRef

Maccoby, E. (1990). Gender and relationships: A developmental account. American Psychologist, 45, 513–520. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.45.4.513.PubMedCrossRef

Martin, K. M., & Huebner, E. S. (2007). Peer victimization and prosocial experiences and emotional well-being of middle school students. Psychology in the Schools, 44, 199–208. doi:10.1002/pits.20216.CrossRef

Masten, A. S., & Wright, M. (2010). Resilience over the lifespan: Developmental perspectives on resistance, recovery, and transformation. In J. W. Reich, A. J. Zautra & J. Hall (Eds.), Handbook of adult resilience (pp. 213–237). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Mercer, S. H., McMillen, J., & DeRosier, M. E. (2009). Predicting change in children’s aggression and victimization using classroom-level descriptive norms of aggression and pro-social behavior. Journal of School Psychology, 47(4), 267–289. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2009.04.001.PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Muthén, L.K. & Muthén, B.O. (2013). Mplus. Los Angeles: Muthén and Muthén.

Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Willinslon, VT: Blackwell.

Ostrov, J. M. (2010). Prospective associations between peer victimization and aggression. Child Development, 81, 1670–1677.PubMedCrossRef

Ostrov, J. M., & Keating, C. F. (2004). Gender differences in preschool aggression during free play and structured interactions: An observational study. Social Development, 13, 255–277. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2004.000266.x.CrossRef

Paquette, J. A., & Underwood, M. K. (1999). Gender differences in young adolescents' experiences of peer victimization: Social and physical aggression. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 45(2), 242–266.

Paul, J. J., & Cillessen, A. N. (2003). Dynamics of peer victimization in early adolescence: Results from a four-year longitudinal study. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 19(2), 25–43. doi:10.1300/J008v19n02_03.CrossRef

Prinstein, M. J., Boergers, J., & Vernberg, E. M. (2001). Overt and relational aggression in adolescents: Social-psychological adjustment of aggressors and victims. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 479–491. doi:10.1207/S15374424JCCP3004_05.PubMedCrossRef

Putallaz, M., Grimes, C. L., Foster, K. J., Kupersmidt, J., & Coie, J. D. (2007). Overt and relational aggression and victimization: Multiple perspectives within the school setting. Journal of School Psychology, 45, 459–586. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2007.05.003.CrossRef

Reijntjes, A., Thomaes, S., Bushman, B. J., Boelen, P. A., Orobio de Castro, B., & Telch, M. J. (2010). The outcast lash-out effect in youth: Alienation increases aggression following peer rejection. Psychological Science, 21, 1394–1398.PubMedCrossRef

Roecker Phelps, C. E. (2001). Children’s responses to overt and relational aggression. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 240–252.CrossRef

Rose, A. J., & Rudolph, K. D. (2006). A review of sex differences in peer relationship processes: Potential trade-offs for the emotional and behavioral development of girls and boys. Psychological Bulletin, 132(1), 98–131. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.98.

Rubin, K. H., Wojslawowicz, J. C., Rose-Krasnor, L., Booth-LaForce, C., & Burgess, K. B. (2006). The Best Friendships of Shy/Withdrawn Children: Prevalence, Stability, and Relationship Quality. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34(2), 143–157. doi:10.1007/s10802-005-9017-4.

Salmivalli, C., Kärnä, A., & Poskiparta, E. (2010). From peer putdowns to peer support: A theoretical model and how it translated into a national anti-bullying program. In S. R. Jimerson, S. M. Swearer, & D. L. Espelage (Eds.), Handbook of bullying in schools: An international perspective (pp. 441–454). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.

Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A., & Coie, J. D. (1993). The emergence of chronic peer vicitimization in boys’ play groups. Child Development, 64(6), 1755–1772. doi:10.2307/1131467.PubMedCrossRef

Snijders, T. A. B., & Bosker, R. J. (2012). Multilevel analysis: An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.

Steinberg, L. D. (2013). Adolescence. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Storch, E. A., & Brassard, M. R. (2003). The relationship of peer victimization to social anxiety and loneliness in adolescence. Child Study Journal, 33, 1–18.

Storch, E. A., Brassard, M. R., & Masia-Warner, C. L. (2003). The relationship of peer victimization to social anxiety and loneliness in adolescent females. Child Study Journal, 33, 1–18.

Storch, E. A., & Masia, C. L. (2001). Peer victimization and social anxiety and distress in adolescence. Peer relationships, social anxiety, and developmental psychopathology. Symposium presented at the Association for the Advancement of Behavioural Therapy, Philadelphia, PA, November.

Sullivan, T. N., Farrell, A. D., & Kliewer, W. (2006). Peer victimization in early adolescence: Association between physical and relational victimization and drug use, aggression, and delinquent behaviors among urban middle school students. Development and Psychopathology, 18(1), 119–137. doi:10.1017/S095457940606007X.PubMedCrossRef

Terranova, A., Harris, J., Kavetski, M., & Oates, R. (2011). Responding to peer victimization: A sense of control matters. Child & Youth Care Forum, 40(6), 419–434. doi:10.1007/s10566-011-9144-8.CrossRef

Twenge, J. M., Catanese, K. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2002). Social exclusion causes self-defeating behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(3), 606–615. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.3.606.PubMedCrossRef

Vitaro, F., Gagnon, C., & Tremblay, R. E. (1990). Predicting stable peer rejection from kindergarten to grade one. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19, 257–264.

Waasdorp, T., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2011). Examining student responses to frequent bullying: A latent class approach. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103(2), 336–352. doi:10.1037/a0022747.CrossRef

Wang, J., Iannotti, R. J., & Luk, J. W. (2011). Peer victimization and academic adjustment among early adolescents: Moderation by gender and mediation by perceived classmate support. Journal of School Health, 81(7), 386–392. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00606.x.PubMedCrossRef

Weiss, R. S. (1987). Reflections on the present state of loneliness research. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 2(2), 1–16.

Woodhouse, S. S., Dykas, M. J., & Cassidy, J. (2012). Loneliness and peer relations in adolescence. Social Development, 21(2), 273–293. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00611.x.CrossRef

Wothke, W. (2000). Longitudinal and multigroup modeling with missing data. In T. D. Little, K. U. Schnabel, & J. Baumert (Eds.), Modeling longitudinal and multilevel data: Practical issues, applied approaches, and specific examples (pp. 219–240, 269–281). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Yeung, R., & Leadbeater, B. (2010). Adults make a difference: the protective effects of parent and teacher emotional support on emotional and behavioral problems of peer-victimized adolescents. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(1), 80–98. doi:10.1002/jcop.20353.CrossRef

Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Geiger, T. C., & Crick, N. R. (2005). Relational and physical aggression, prosocial behavior, and peer relations: Gender moderation and bidirectional associations. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25, 421–452. doi:10.1177/0272431605279841.CrossRef

Titel: Prosocial Behavior as a Protective Factor for Children’s Peer Victimization
Auteurs: Emily R. Griese
Eric S. Buhs
Publicatiedatum: 01-07-2014
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 7/2014
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-0046-y

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 7/2014

Social Status Attainment During the Transition to Adulthood

Christopher Salvatore: Arrested Adolescent Offenders: A Study of Delayed Transitions to Adulthood

Parsing Protection and Risk for Problem Behavior Versus Pro-social Behavior Among US and Chinese Adolescents

Are Stressful Developmental Processes of Youths Leading to Health Problems Amplified by Genetic Polymorphisms? The Case of Body Mass Index

From the School Yard to the Squad Car: School Discipline, Truancy, and Arrest

Kerry H. Robinson: Innocence, Knowledge, and the Construction of Childhood