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Am J Perinatol 2024; 41(08): 1027-1032
DOI: 10.1055/a-1787-3838
Original Article

Cord Blood Cell-Free DNA Concentration: A Novel Marker for Neonatal Wellbeing

Majdi Imterat 
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
2   Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Ev. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
,
Offer Erez
3   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
4   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
,
Dan Tirosh
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
,
Yael Miller Gelkop
5   Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
,
Neta Benshalom-Tirosh
6   Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
,
Maor Ben-Tabo
7   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assuta Medical Center, Ashdod, Israel
,
Amos Douvdevani
7   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assuta Medical Center, Ashdod, Israel
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
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Abstract

Objective Cord gas values and Apgar scores, currently used as markers for newborn wellbeing and postpartum complications, provide rough estimates, and their use remains elusive. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) may better represent newborn status at birth and the effect of parturition on the fetus. This pilot study investigates the association between cord blood (CB) cfDNA and neonatal outcomes.

Study Design In a prospective cohort study, cfDNA concentration was measured in immediately following delivery collected CB sera of newborns using our rapid fluorescent assay.

Results During the study period, blood samples from umbilical cords of 100 newborns were collected. Vaginal delivery was associated with a higher median CB cfDNA than cesarean delivery (277 [95% confidence interval [CI] 199–377] vs. 100 [95% CI 43–265] ng/mL, p < 0.01). cfDNA levels were significantly associated with gestational age at delivery (rho = 0.308, p = 0.002) and CB base deficit (BD, r = 0.252, p = 0.017). According to maternal and fetal complications, CB cfDNA was elevated in fetuses with category II of heart rate tracing (p < 0.05), with maternal positive vaginal culture (p < 0.01), and with premature rupture of membranes (PROM, p < 0.001). Logistic regression models of CB cfDNA fourth quartiles demostrate a double odds ratio for elevated BD (>3mmol/L) and for worse heart rate tracing category.

Conclusion Serum CB cfDNA concentration reflects the newborn's status and hazards with an excellent association with CB BD, fetal heart rate category, and maternal risk factors for infection (positive vaginal culture and PROM). This preliminary observation suggests that cfDNA can serve as a point of care biomarker for newborn status at the time of delivery.

Key Points

  • CB cfDNA levels correlated with newborn's BD.

  • CB cfDNA levels reflect parturition stress and inflammation.

  • cfDNA serve as a diagnostic and prediction tool for the identification of newborns at risk for morbidity.

Keywords

Circulating cell-free DNA - neonatal morbidity - neonate - birth - delivery - pregnancy

Ethical Approval

This study protocol was approved by the institutional review board (SUMC IRB committee).


Authors' Contributions

M.I. contributed to protocol/project development, analysis interpretation, data management, and manuscript writing. O.E. contributed to protocol/project development, analysis interpretation, data management, and manuscript editing. D.T. contributed to analysis interpretation and manuscript editing. Y.M.G. contributed to data analysis. N.B.T. contributed to analysis interpretation and manuscript editing. M.B.T. contributed to data analysis. A.D. contributed to protocol/project development, analysis interpretation, data management, and manuscript editing.




Publication History

Received: 05 June 2021

Accepted: 17 February 2022

Accepted Manuscript online:
03 March 2022

Article published online:
06 June 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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