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Gepubliceerd in: Huisarts en wetenschap 12/2013

01-12-2013 | Onderzoek

Preventie van acute hoogteziekte met acetazolamide

Auteurs: Marieke van Vessem, Bengt Kayser, prof.dr. Theo Stijnen, Remco Berendsen

Gepubliceerd in: Huisarts en wetenschap | Uitgave 12/2013

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Samenvatting

Achtergrond

Het doel van deze meta-analyse is het vaststellen van de minimale dosis acetazolamide die effectief is voor de preventie van acute hoogteziekte voor Nederlanders die naar grote hoogte gaan, rekening houdend met bijwerkingen.

Methode

In de databanken van PubMed, Embase en Cochrane Library hebben we systematisch gezocht naar onderzoeken die het effect van acetazolamide voor de preventie van acute hoogteziekte bepaalden ten opzichte van een placebo. De onderzoeken moesten de incidentie van acute hoogteziekte dichotoom rapporteren, gecontroleerd, gerandomiseerd en methodologisch goed (Jadad-score ≥ 3) en Engels-, Duits- of Nederlandstalig zijn.

Resultaten

Achttien van de 803 gevonden onderzoeken voldeden aan de criteria. Acetazolamide (doseringsbereik 250-750 mg/dag) is effectief voor de preventie van acute hoogteziekte. Subgroepanalyse toont relatieve risico’s van 0,51 (95%-betrouwbaarheidsinterval 0,38-0,69), 0,51 (0,40-0,64) en 0,48 (0,30-0,76), voor het gebruik van respectievelijk 250 mg, 500 mg en 750 mg acetazolamide per dag. We vonden geen dosisresponseffect. Het number needed to treat was 5,5 (250 mg), 5,5 (500 mg) en 5,2 (750 mg). In vergelijking met een placebo komen paresthesieën, dysgeusie en polyurie significant vaker voor bij personen die preventief acetazolamide gebruiken.

Conclusie

Voor de preventie van acute hoogteziekte is het gebruik van minimaal tweemaal daags 125 mg acetazolamide effectief. Een hogere dosering beschermt niet significant meer tegen acute hoogteziekte en leidt mogelijk tot meer bijwerkingen.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Preventie van acute hoogteziekte met acetazolamide
Auteurs
Marieke van Vessem
Bengt Kayser
prof.dr. Theo Stijnen
Remco Berendsen
Publicatiedatum
01-12-2013
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Gepubliceerd in
Huisarts en wetenschap / Uitgave 12/2013
Print ISSN: 0018-7070
Elektronisch ISSN: 1876-5912
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12445-013-0317-6

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