Predictors of Satisfaction with Autism Treatment Services During COVID-19
Specialized Service Needs and Delivery Medium
Emotional and Behavioral Functioning Concerns
Caregiver Stress Levels and Satisfaction with Services
Current Study
Methods
Participants
Domain/item | Number/frequency | Percentage | Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|---|
Child's age | 13.4 (7.8) | ||
Child's gender (n = 335) | |||
Male | 256 | 76.4 | |
Female | 73 | 21.8 | |
Transgender | 1 | 0.3 | |
Non-conforming | 3 | 0.9 | |
Child's race/ethnicity (n = 334) | |||
White | 264 | 79.0 | |
Black/AA | 15 | 4.5 | |
Asian | 11 | 3.3 | |
Native Am | 1 | 0.3 | |
Other | 10 | 3.0 | |
Biracial | 25 | 7.5 | |
Hispanic/latinx | 54 | 16.2 | |
Child's cognitive level (n = 330) | |||
High/very high (IQ of 120 +) | 30 | 9.1 | |
High/average (IQ of 110–119) | 43 | 13.0 | |
Average (IQ of 90–109) | 57 | 17.3 | |
Low/average (IQ 80–89) | 38 | 11.5 | |
Low/borderline (IQ 70–79) | 30 | 9.1 | |
Mild/moderate intellectual challenges (IQ of 40–69) | 36 | 10.9 | |
Moderate/severe intellectual challenges (IQ < 40) | 44 | 13.3 | |
Child's language level (n = 330) | |||
No words/usually speaks in single words | 82 | 24.8 | |
Usually speaks in 10 + single words | 17 | 5.2 | |
Usually speaks in phrases (2–3 words together) | 57 | 17.3 | |
Usually speaks in full sentences | 170 | 51.5 | |
Respondent SES bracket (n = 338) | |||
Less than $20,000 | 32 | 9.5 | |
$20,000 to $39,999 | 37 | 10.9 | |
$40,000 to $59,999 | 27 | 8.0 | |
$60,000 to $79,999 | 48 | 14.2 | |
$80,000 to $99,999 | 49 | 14.5 | |
$100,000 to $139,999 | 33 | 9.8 | |
$140,000 to $179,999 | 36 | 10.7 | |
$180,000 to $199,999 | 15 | 4.4 | |
$200,000 or more | 31 | 9.2 | |
Respondent's relationship to child (n = 339) | |||
Mother | 315 | 92.9 | |
Father | 17 | 5.0 | |
Other legal guardian | 7 | 2.1 |
Recruitment
Survey Content
Demographic Variables
Service Access and Delivery Medium during COVID-19
Satisfaction with Services During COVID-19
Child and Caregiver Predictor Variables
Data Analysis
Results
Patterns of Service Access and Satisfaction During COVID-19
Type of service | n | Satisfaction with service, M | Telehealth, n | Telehealth satisfaction, M | In person, n | In person satisfaction, M | Hybrid, n | Hybrid satisfaction, M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Psychotherapy | 60 | 3.27 | 43 | 3.28 | 7 | 4 | 10 | 2.7 |
Speech/language | 93 | 3.24 | 60 | 2.93 | 18 | 3.94 | 15 | 3.6 |
ABA/behavioral therapy | 84 | 3.35 | 25 | 3.20 | 46 | 4.17 | 13 | 2.39 |
Occupational therapy | 60 | 3.1 | 34 | 2.68 | 19 | 3.79 | 7 | 3.29 |
Social skills | 36 | 2.92 | 22 | 2.77 | 7 | 3.29 | 7 | 3.00 |
Vocational | 12 | 3.25 | 8 | 3.13 | 3 | 4.33 | 1 | 3.25 |
Group home/assisted living | 7 | 3.29 | 0 | N/A | 5 | 2.8 | 2 | 3.28 |
Disability services at University | 3 | 1.33 | 3 | 1.33 | 0 | N/A | 0 | N/A |
Other | 47 | 3.19 | 22 | 3.09 | 19 | 3.42 | 6 | 2.83 |
None | 112 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Predictors of Caregiver-Reported Satisfaction with Services
Variable | Unstandardized coefficients | Standardized coefficients | 95.0% confidence interval for B | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE B | β | t | p | Lower bound | Upper bound | |
Intercept | 4.040** | .267 | – | 15.129 | .000 | 3.507 | 4.572 |
Child's age | .005 | .021 | .076 | .614 | .800 | − .037 | .048 |
EDI reactivity | .014 | .023 | − .147 | .614 | .541 | − .032 | .060 |
EDI dysphoria | − .060 | .023 | − .312 | − 2.567 | .012 | − .106 | − .013 |
Parent stress | − .005 | .039 | − .015 | − .141 | .888 | − .083 | .072 |
Telehealth medium | − .893** | .311 | − .301 | − 2.871 | .005 | − 1.513 | − .273 |
Hybrid medium | − 1.633** | .407 | − .438 | − 4.082 | .000 | − 2.475 | − .851 |
\({R}^{2}\) | .309 | ||||||
\({Adjusted\,R}^{2}\) | .252 | ||||||
F | 5.370** |
Variable | Unstandardized coefficients | Standardized coefficients | 95.0% confidence interval for B | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE B | β | t | p | Lower bound | Upper bound | |
Intercept | 3.485** | .369 | – | 9.450 | .000 | 2.751 | 4.218 |
Child's age | .057 | .026 | .210 | 2.171 | .033 | .005 | .110 |
EDI reactivity | − .027 | .022 | − .166 | − 1.196 | .235 | − .072 | .018 |
EDI dysphoria | − .047 | .024 | − .265 | − 1.988 | .050 | − .094 | .000 |
Parent stress | .024 | .036 | .066 | .669 | .505 | − .047 | .095 |
Telehealth medium | − 1.276** | .347 | − .444 | − 3.678 | .000 | − 1.966 | − .586 |
Hybrid medium | − .481 | .436 | − .131 | − 1.105 | .273 | − 1.348 | .385 |
\({R}^{2}\) | .288 | ||||||
\({Adjusted \,R}^{2}\) | .236 | ||||||
F | 5.593** |
Variable | Unstandardized coefficients | Standardized coefficients | 95.0% confidence interval for B | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE B | β | t | p | Lower bound | Upper bound | |
Intercept | 3.804** | .602 | – | 6.320 | .000 | 2.596 | 5.012 |
Child's age | .033 | .030 | .134 | 1.100 | .276 | − .027 | .092 |
EDI reactivity | − .050 | .028 | − .232 | − 1.769 | .083 | − .106 | .007 |
EDI dysphoria | − .032 | .024 | − .170 | − 1.333 | .189 | − .079 | .016 |
Parent stress | .134* | .058 | .278 | 2.332 | .024 | .019 | .250 |
Telehealth medium | − .716 | .557 | − .234 | − 1.286 | .204 | − 1.833 | .402 |
Hybrid medium | − 1.422* | .651 | − .392 | − 2.184 | .034 | − 2.729 | − .115 |
\({R}^{2}\) | .300 | ||||||
\({Adjusted\, R}^{2}\) | .217 | ||||||
F | 3.635** |
Variable | Unstandardized coefficients | Standardized coefficients | 95.0% confidence interval for B | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE B | β | t | p | Lower bound | Upper bound | |
Intercept | 3.140** | .432 | – | 7.275 | .000 | 2.274 | 4.006 |
Child's age | .058 | .035 | .196 | 1.662 | .103 | − .012 | .129 |
EDI reactivity | − .039 | .029 | − .214 | − 1.348 | .184 | − .096 | .019 |
EDI dysphoria | − .050 | .031 | − .266 | − 1.628 | .110 | − .111 | .012 |
Parent stress | .105 | .051 | .271 | 2.085 | .042 | .004 | .207 |
Telehealth medium | − .974 | .386 | − .336 | − 2.526 | .015 | − 1.749 | .200 |
Hybrid medium | − .421 | .568 | − .095 | − .741 | .462 | − 1.561 | − .720 |
\({R}^{2}\) | .302 | ||||||
\({Adjusted\,R}^{2}\) | .222 | ||||||
F | 3.751** |