01-06-2010 | Original Paper | Uitgave 6/2010 Open Access

Predicting Friendship Quality in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Typical Development
- Tijdschrift:
- Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > Uitgave 6/2010
Introduction
Mechanisms Supporting Friendship in ASD
Current Study Objectives
Method
Participants
ASD Groups
Typical Groups
ASD
|
TYP
|
Group difference (1, 77)
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Israel (
n = 24)
|
USA (
n = 20)
|
Israel (
n = 23)
|
USA (
n = 15)
|
||
CA (in months)
|
|||||
M
|
116.00
|
125.20
|
122.87
|
123.80
|
1.50
|
SD
|
14.10
|
15.17
|
16.71
|
16.04
|
|
Range
|
98–151
|
98–146
|
98–144
|
99–151
|
|
Verbal IQ
|
|||||
M
|
106.25
|
105.25
|
112.09
|
112.60
|
1.92
|
SD
|
9.84
|
16.18
|
6.93
|
14.58
|
|
Range
|
84–122
|
80–133
|
101–128
|
94–148
|
|
Mother’s education
|
|||||
M
|
4.66
|
5.05
|
4.63
|
5.00
|
.81
|
SD
|
1.07
|
.78
|
1.33
|
1.03
|
|
Male/Female
|
23/1
|
19/1
|
22/1
|
14/1
|
Measures
Security of Attachment
Mother–Child Relationship Qualities
Self-Report to Assess Friendship Perceptions
Observed Dyadic Components
ToM: Second-Order False-Belief Attribution Task
Procedure
Results
Security of Attachment (SA)
Mother–Child Relationship Quality (IPPA)
Relationship quality
|
Israel
|
USA
|
Disability
|
Nationality
|
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASD
|
TYP
|
ASD
|
TYP
|
F (3, 78)
|
η
2
|
F (3, 78)
|
η
2
|
|
Trust
|
||||||||
M
|
3.93
|
4.45
|
4.38
|
4.67
|
15.01
b
|
.16
|
10.20
a
|
.12
|
SD
|
.62
|
.42
|
.38
|
.25
|
||||
Open communication
|
||||||||
M
|
3.53
|
3.91
|
3.91
|
4.38
|
7.80
a
|
.09
|
7.91
a
|
.09
|
SD
|
.74
|
.71
|
.66
|
.39
|
||||
Alienation
|
||||||||
M
|
2.22
|
1.98
|
2.07
|
1.81
|
2.38
|
.03
|
.98
|
.01
|
SD
|
.82
|
.72
|
.62
|
.65
|
||||
Global score
|
||||||||
M
|
3.75
|
4.15
|
4.10
|
4.45
|
10.81
a
|
.12
|
8.17
a
|
.09
|
SD
|
.61
|
.54
|
.41
|
.29
|
Relations Between SA and Mother–Child Qualities
Group Differences in ToM and its Link with SA and Mother–Child Relationship Qualities
Hierarchical Regressions
Hierarchical Regression for Perceived Friendship Qualities (FQS)
Predictors
|
Friendship quality scale
|
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Companionship
|
Intimacy
|
Closeness
|
||||
β
|
Δ
R
2
|
β
|
Δ
R
2
|
β
|
Δ
R
2
|
|
Step 1
|
.08
c
|
.03
|
.02
|
|||
CA
|
−.15
|
−.09
|
−.10
|
|||
VIQ
|
−.21
c
|
.16
|
.09
|
|||
Step 2
|
.02
|
.16
c
|
.19
a
|
|||
CA
|
−.18
|
−.16
|
−.19
c
|
|||
VIQ
|
−.24
c
|
.07
|
.01
|
|||
Nationality
|
.11
|
.25
b
|
.34
a
|
|||
Disability
|
.09
|
.36
a
|
.33
a
|
|||
Step 3
|
.13
a
|
.11
a
|
.10
a
|
|||
CA
|
−.12
|
−.10
|
−.13
|
|||
VIQ
|
−.27
b
|
.04
|
−.04
|
|||
Nationality
|
−.03
|
.12
|
.22
c
|
|||
Disability
|
−.04
|
.24
b
|
.21
c
|
|||
1IPPA-G
|
.33
b
|
.28
b
|
.39
b
|
|||
2SA
|
.10
|
.12
|
−.03
|
|||
Step 4
|
.01
|
.00
|
.01
|
|||
CA
|
−.12
|
−.10
|
−.13
|
|||
VIQ
|
−.22
c
|
.04
|
.00
|
|||
Nationality
|
−.07
|
.12
|
.19
c
|
|||
Disability
|
.01
|
.24
b
|
.25
c
|
|||
IPPA-G
|
.35
b
|
.28
b
|
.40
b
|
|||
SA
|
.09
|
.12
|
−.03
|
|||
3ToM
|
−.16
|
−.00
|
−.13
|
|||
Step 5
|
.04
c
|
.05
c
|
.04
c
|
|||
CA
|
−.05
|
−.08
|
−.18
c
|
|||
VIQ
|
−.21
c
|
.10
|
.00
|
|||
Nationality
|
−.10
|
.12
|
.23
c
|
|||
Disability
|
.00
|
.24
b
|
.30
b
|
|||
IPPA-G
|
.40
b
|
.27
c
|
.20
|
|||
SA
|
.12
|
.15
|
−.09
|
|||
ToM
|
−.19
|
−.02
|
−.04
|
|||
SA × ToM
|
−.22
c
|
.20
c
|
||||
4Dis. × SA
|
−.22
c
|
|||||
R
2
|
.28
b
|
.35
a
|
.36
a
|
Hierarchical Regression for Observed Dyadic Qualities (DRQ)
Predictors
|
Positive social orientation
|
Responsiveness
|
Coordinated play
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Δ
R
2
|
β
|
Δ
R
2
|
β
|
Δ
R
2
|
β
|
|
Step 1
|
.14
b
|
.23
a
|
.33
a
|
|||
CA
|
.34
c
|
.26
b
|
.32
a
|
|||
VIQ
|
.16
|
.40
a
|
.48
a
|
|||
Step 2
|
.07
c
|
.07
a
|
.08
b
|
|||
CA
|
.31
b
|
.24
c
|
.29
b
|
|||
VIQ
|
.09
|
.32
b
|
.40
a
|
|||
Nationality
|
.15
|
−.07
|
.12
|
|||
Disability
|
.24
c
|
.26
b
|
.27
b
|
|||
Step 3
|
.04
|
.00
|
.00
|
|||
CA
|
.34
b
|
.24
c
|
.28
b
|
|||
VIQ
|
.05
|
.31
b
|
.41
a
|
|||
Nationality
|
.09
|
−.08
|
.13
|
|||
Disability
|
.17
|
.25
c
|
.29
b
|
|||
1IPPA-G
|
.29
c
|
.05
|
−.05
|
|||
2SA
|
−.13
|
−.03
|
.03
|
|||
Step 4
|
.00
|
.00
|
.04
c
|
|||
CA
|
.34
b
|
.24
c
|
.28
b
|
|||
VIQ
|
.04
|
.28
b
|
.33
b
|
|||
Nationality
|
.09
|
−.06
|
.18
c
|
|||
Disability
|
.16
|
.23
c
|
.21
c
|
|||
IPPA-G
|
.29
c
|
.04
|
−.08
|
|||
SA
|
−.12
|
−.03
|
.04
|
|||
3ToM
|
.013
|
.07
|
.23
c
|
|||
Step 5
|
.10
b
|
.05
c
|
.08
b
|
|||
CA
|
.34
a
|
.19
c
|
.17
c
|
|||
VIQ
|
.17
|
.30
b
|
.33
b
|
|||
Nationality
|
.13
|
−.00
|
.29
b
|
|||
Disability
|
.17
|
.26
c
|
.25
b
|
|||
IPPA-G
|
.24
†
|
.02
|
−.15
|
|||
SA
|
−.08
|
−.02
|
.00
|
|||
ToM
|
−.04
|
−.07
|
.09
|
|||
SA
× ToM
|
.20
c
|
|||||
VIQ
× ToM
|
−.27
c
|
−.26
b
|
||||
4Dis.
× CA
|
.34
b
|
|||||
CA
× IPPA-G
|
−.26
c
|
|||||
R
2
|
.35
a
|
.35
a
|
.53
a
|