Top

Gepubliceerd in:

06-11-2020 | Empirical Research

Popularity and Gender Prototypicality: An Experimental Approach

Auteurs: Margaret Kleiser, Lara Mayeux

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 1/2021

Abstract

Despite the growing scientific understanding of peer popularity, there are few theories that explicitly address the development of peer popularity in adolescence. The studies reported here present a preliminary test of the theory that popularity is associated with gender prototypicality. Popularity is associated with physical attractiveness, as well as with attributes (e.g., athletic involvement for boys, having stylish clothes for girls) that often reflect gender-based expectations. After being exposed to either a high school popularity priming condition or a neutral control condition, 1st-year college students rated photographs (Study 1, N = 368, 34% male, 66% female; M_age = 19.30, SD = 1.78, range 17–35), vignettes (Study 2, N = 249, 16.4% males, 83.2% females, 0.4% other; M_age = 18.71, SD = 2.31, range 17–40), and social media profiles (Study 3, N = 218, 30.3% male, 69.3% female, 0.5% other; Mage = 19.40, SD = 2.31, range 18–39) depicting gender-typical and gender-atypical adolescents’ appearance and interests on a number of popularity-related characteristics. These results indicated that gender prototypicality in both appearance and interests is associated with popularity.

vorige artikel Coping with Discrimination from Peers and Adults: Implications for Adolescents’ School Belonging

volgende artikel Polygenic Risk for Major Depression Interacts with Parental Criticism in Predicting Adolescent Depressive Symptom Development

Adler, P. A., Kless, S. J., & Adler, P. (1992). Socialization to gender roles: popularity among elementary school boys and girls. Sociology of Education, 65(3), 169 https://doi.org/10.2307/2112807.CrossRef

Bukowski, W. M. (2011). Popularity as a social concept: Meanings and significance. In A. H. N. Cillessen, D. Schwartz & L. Mayeux (Eds), Popularity in the peer system; popularity in the peer system (pp. 3–24). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Carlson, W., & Rose, A. J. (2007). The role of reciprocity in romantic relationships in middle childhood and early adolescence. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 53(2), 262–290.

Carver, P. R., Yunger, J. L., & Perry, D. G. (2003). Gender identity and adjustment in middle childhood. Sex Roles, 49, 95–109.CrossRef

Cillessen, A. H., & Borch, C. (2006). Developmental trajectories of adolescent popularity: a growth curve modelling analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 29(6), 935–959.CrossRef

Cillessen, A. H., & Marks, P. E. (2011). Conceptualizing and measuring popularity. In A. H. N. Cillessen, D. Schwartz & L. Mayeux (Eds), Popularity in the peer system (pp. 25–56). New York, NY: The Guildford Press.

Cillessen, A. H., & Mayeux, L. (2004). From censure to reinforcement: developmental changes in the association between aggression and social status. Child Development, 75(1), 147–163.CrossRef

Cillessen, A. H., & Rose, A. J. (2005). Understanding popularity in the peer system. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(2), 102–105.CrossRef

Cillessen, A. H., Schwartz, D. & Mayeux, L. (Eds) (2011). Popularity in the peer system. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Closson, L. M. (2009). Status and gender differences in early adolescents’ descriptions of popularity. Social Development, 18(2), 412–426.CrossRef

Connolly, J., Craig, W., Goldberg, A., & Pepler, D. (2004). Mixed‐gender groups, dating, and romantic relationships in early adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 14(2), 185–207.CrossRef

Coyne, S. M., Linder, J. R., Rasmussen, E. E., Nelson, D. A., & Birkbeck, V. (2016). Pretty as a princess: longitudinal effects of engagement with Disney princesses on gender stereotypes, body esteem, and prosocial behavior in children. Child Development, 87(6), 1909–1925. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12569.CrossRefPubMed

Crouter, A. C., Manke, B. A., & McHale, S. M. (1995). The family context of gender intensification in early adolescence. Child Development, 66(2), 317–329.

Dawes, M., & Xie, H. (2017). The trajectory of popularity goal during the transition to middle school. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 37(6), 852–883. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431615626301.CrossRef

De Bruyn, E. H., & Cillessen, A. H. (2006). Popularity in early adolescence: prosocial and antisocial subtypes. Journal of Adolescent Research, 21(6), 607–627.CrossRef

de Bruyn, E. H., Cillessen, A. H., & Weisfeld, G. E. (2012). Dominance-popularity status, behavior, and the emergence of sexual activity in young adolescents. Evolutionary Psychology, 10(2), 147470491201000209.CrossRef

Dijkstra, J. K., Cillessen, A. H., Lindenberg, S., & Veenstra, R. (2010). Same-gender and cross-gender likeability: associations with popularity and status enhancement: the TRAILS study. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 30(6), 773–802.CrossRef

Eder, D. (1985). The cycle of popularity: interpersonal relations among female adolescents. Sociology of Education, 58(3), 154–165.

Gommans, R., Sandstrom, M. J., Stevens, G. W. J. M., ter Bogt, T. F. M., & Cillessen, A. H. N. (2017). Popularity, likeability, and peer conformity: four field experiments. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 73, 279–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2017.10.001.CrossRef

Horn, S. S. (2007). Adolescents’ acceptance of same-sex peers based on sexual orientation and gender expression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36(3), 363–371.CrossRef

Houser, J. J., Mayeux, L., & Cross, C. (2015). Peer status and aggression as predictors of dating popularity in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(3), 683–695.CrossRef

Jamison, R. S., Wilson, T., & Ryan, A. (2015). Too cool for school? The relationship between coolness and academic reputation in early adolescence. Social Development, 24(2), 384–403.CrossRef

Jewell, J. A., & Brown, C. S. (2014). Relations among gender typicality, peer relations, and mental health during early adolescence. Social Development, 23(1), 137–156.CrossRef

Kraft, C., & Mayeux, L. (2018). Associations among friendship jealousy, peer status, and relational aggression in early adolescence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 38(3), 385–407. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431616670992.CrossRef

LaFontana, K. M., & Cillessen, A. H. (2002). Children’s perceptions of popular and unpopular peers: a multimethod assessment. Developmental Psychology, 38(5), 635.CrossRef

LaFontana, K. M., & Cillessen, A. H. (2010). Developmental changes in the priority of perceived status in childhood and adolescence. Social Development, 19(1), 130–147.CrossRef

Lansu, T. A., & Cillessen, A. H. (2012). Peer status in emerging adulthood: associations of popularity and preference with social roles and behavior. Journal of Adolescent Research, 27(1), 132–150.CrossRef

Lease, A. M., Musgrove, K. T., & Axelrod, J. L. (2002). Dimensions of social status in preadolescent peer groups: likability, perceived popularity, and social dominance. Social Development, 11(4), 508–533. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9507.00213.CrossRef

Lee, E. A. E., & Troop-Gordon, W. (2011). Peer processes and gender role development: changes in gender atypicality related to negative peer treatment and children’s friendships. Sex Roles, 64(1-2), 90–102.CrossRef

Mayeux, L., Houser, J. J., & Dyches, K. D. (2011). Social acceptance and popularity: Two distinct forms of peer status. In A. H. N. Cillessen, D. Schwartz & L. Mayeux (Eds), Popularity in the peer system (pp. 79–102). New York, NY: The Guildford Press.

Mayeux, L., & Kleiser, M. (2020). A gender prototypicality theory of adolescent peer popularity. Adolescent Research Review, 5(3), 295–306.CrossRef

Mulvey, K. L., & Killen, M. (2015). Challenging gender stereotypes: resistance and exclusion. Child Development, 86(3), 681–694. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12317.CrossRefPubMed

National Federation of State High School Associations. (2017). NFHS 2003–04 high school athletics participation survey. Indianapolis, IN: National Federation of State High School Associations.

Nesi, J., Choukas-Bradley, S., & Prinstein, M. J. (2018). Transformation of adolescent peer relations in the social media context: part 2—application to peer group processes and future directions for research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 21(3), 295–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-018-0262-9.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Nisbett, R. E., & Cohen, D. (1996). Culture of honor: The psychology of violence in the South. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Pellegrini, A. D., & Long, J. D. (2003). A sexual selection theory longitudinal analysis of sexual segregation and integration in early adolescence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 85(3), 257–278.CrossRef

Pew Research Group. (2019). 10 Facts About Americans and Facebook. www.pewresearch.org Accessed 9 Oct 2020.

Puckett, M. B., Aikins, J. W., & Cillessen, A. H. (2008). Moderators of the association between relational aggression and perceived popularity. Aggressive Behavior, 34(6), 563–576.CrossRef

Rodkin, P. C., Farmer, T. W., Pearl, R., & Van Acker, R. (2000). Heterogeneity of popular boys: antisocial and prosocial configurations. Developmental Psychology, 36(1), 14.CrossRef

Rose, A. J., Glick, G. C., & Smith, R. L. (2011). Popularity and gender. In A. H. N. Cillessen, D. Schwartz & L. Mayeux (Eds), Popularity in the peer system (pp. 103–122). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Shim, S. S., & Ryan, A. M. (2012). What do students want socially when they arrive at college? Implications of social achievement goals for social behaviors and adjustment during the first semester of college. Motivation and Emotion, 36(4), 504–515.CrossRef

Smith, T. E., & Leaper, C. (2005). Self-perceived gender typicality and the peer context during adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16, 91–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00123.x.CrossRef

Vaillancourt, T., & Hymel, S. (2006). Aggression and social status: The moderating roles of sex and peer‐valued characteristics. Aggressive Behavior, 32(4), 396–408.CrossRef

Vaillancourt, T., & Krems, J. A. (2018) An evolutionary psychological perspective of indirect aggression in girls and women. In S. M. Coyne & J. M. Ostrov (Eds), The development of relational aggression (pp. 111–126). New York: Oxford University Press.

van den Berg, Y. H., Burk, W. J., & Cillessen, A. H. (2015). Identifying subtypes of peer status by combining popularity and preference: a cohort-sequential approach. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 35(8), 1108–1137.CrossRef

van den Berg, Y. H., Lansu, T. A., & Cillessen, A. H. (2020). Preference and popularity as distinct forms of status: a meta-analytic review of 20 years of research. Journal of Adolescence, 84, 78–95.CrossRef

Volk, A. A., Camilleri, J. A., Dane, A. V., & Marini, Z. A. (2012). Is adolescent bullying an evolutionary adaptation? Aggressive Behavior, 38(3), 222–238.CrossRef

Weisfeld, G. E., & Woodward, L. (2004). Current evolutionary perspectives on adolescent romantic relations and sexuality. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(1), 11–19.CrossRef

Young, R., & Sweeting, H. (2004). Adolescent bullying, relationships, psychological well-being, and gender-atypical behavior: a gender diagnosticity approach. Sex Roles, 50(7-8), 525–537.CrossRef

Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Seibenbruner, J., & Collins, W. A. (2004). A prospective study of intraindividual and peer influences on adolescents’ heterosexual romantic and sexual behavior. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 33(4), 381–394.CrossRef

Titel: Popularity and Gender Prototypicality: An Experimental Approach
Auteurs: Margaret Kleiser
Lara Mayeux
Publicatiedatum: 06-11-2020
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 1/2021
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01344-5

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2021

Risk and Protective Factors for Prospective Changes in Adolescent Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Country-Level Structural Stigma, School-Based and Adulthood Victimization, and Life Satisfaction Among Sexual Minority Adults: A Life Course Approach

Sex-Based Differences in Criminal Victimization of Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis

The Journal of Youth and Adolescence at 50: Completing the Move Toward a Curator Model of Editing

Unpacking Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Associations between Neighborhood Disadvantage and Academic Achievement: Mediation of Future Orientation and Moderation of Parental Support

Monique W. Morris: Pushout: The Criminalization of Black Girls in Schools