Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine 4/2007

01-08-2007

Physiological Mechanisms Involved in Religiosity/Spirituality and Health

Auteur: Kevin S. Seybold

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine | Uitgave 4/2007

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

During the last two decades of the 20th century, psychological science rediscovered religiosity/spirituality (R/S) as a legitimate subject matter in understanding the human experience. In large measure, this renewed interest was motivated by the positive association between this variable and health (physical and mental) reported in much of the literature. If the described relationship between R/S and health is accurate, the question of how such an influence might be realized becomes important and subject to empirical investigation. The present paper develops a rationale for why such an outcome might be expected and describes various physiological mechanisms that could mediate the effect of R/S on health.
Literatuur
go back to reference Ader, R., & Kelley, K. W. (2007). A global view of twenty years of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 21, 20–22.PubMedCrossRef Ader, R., & Kelley, K. W. (2007). A global view of twenty years of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 21, 20–22.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Anandarajah, G., & Hight, E. (2001). Spirituality and medical practice: Using the HOPE questions as a practical tool for spiritual assessment. American Family Physician, 63, 81–88.PubMed Anandarajah, G., & Hight, E. (2001). Spirituality and medical practice: Using the HOPE questions as a practical tool for spiritual assessment. American Family Physician, 63, 81–88.PubMed
go back to reference Besedovsky, H. O., & del Rey, A. (2007). Physiology of psychoneuroimmunology: A personal view. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 21, 34–44.PubMedCrossRef Besedovsky, H. O., & del Rey, A. (2007). Physiology of psychoneuroimmunology: A personal view. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 21, 34–44.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bulbulia, J. (2006). Nature’s medicine: Religiosity as an adaptation for health and cooperation. In P. McNamara (Ed.), Where God and science meet: Evolution, genes, and the religious brain (Vol. 1, pp. 87–121). Westport, CT: Praeger. Bulbulia, J. (2006). Nature’s medicine: Religiosity as an adaptation for health and cooperation. In P. McNamara (Ed.), Where God and science meet: Evolution, genes, and the religious brain (Vol. 1, pp. 87–121). Westport, CT: Praeger.
go back to reference Coakley, S. (1997). Religion and the body. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Coakley, S. (1997). Religion and the body. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
go back to reference Cohen, S., & Pressman, S. D. (2006). Positive affect and health. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 122–125.CrossRef Cohen, S., & Pressman, S. D. (2006). Positive affect and health. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 122–125.CrossRef
go back to reference Commission on Children at Risk. (2003). Hardwired to connect: The new scientific case for authoritative communities. New York: Institute for American Values. Commission on Children at Risk. (2003). Hardwired to connect: The new scientific case for authoritative communities. New York: Institute for American Values.
go back to reference Conrad, C. D. (2006). What is the functional significance of chronic stress-induced CA3 dendritic retraction within the hippocampus? Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 5, 41–60.PubMedCrossRef Conrad, C. D. (2006). What is the functional significance of chronic stress-induced CA3 dendritic retraction within the hippocampus? Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 5, 41–60.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Creswell, J. D., Welch, W. T., Taylor, S. E., Sherman, D. K., Gruenewald, T. L., & Mann, T. (2005). Affirmation of personal values buffers neuroendocrine and psychological stress responses. Psychological Science, 16, 846–851.PubMedCrossRef Creswell, J. D., Welch, W. T., Taylor, S. E., Sherman, D. K., Gruenewald, T. L., & Mann, T. (2005). Affirmation of personal values buffers neuroendocrine and psychological stress responses. Psychological Science, 16, 846–851.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Czeh, B., Simon, M., van der Hart, M. G. C., Schmelting, B., Hesselink, M. B., & Fuchs, E. (2005). Chronic stress decreases the number of parvalbumin-immunoreactive interneurons in the hippocampus: Prevention by treatment with a substance p receptor (NK1) antagonist. Neuropsychopharmacology, 30, 67–79.PubMedCrossRef Czeh, B., Simon, M., van der Hart, M. G. C., Schmelting, B., Hesselink, M. B., & Fuchs, E. (2005). Chronic stress decreases the number of parvalbumin-immunoreactive interneurons in the hippocampus: Prevention by treatment with a substance p receptor (NK1) antagonist. Neuropsychopharmacology, 30, 67–79.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Davidson, R. J. (1992). Emotion and affective style: Hemispheric substrates. Psychological Science, 3, 39–43.CrossRef Davidson, R. J. (1992). Emotion and affective style: Hemispheric substrates. Psychological Science, 3, 39–43.CrossRef
go back to reference Davidson, R. J., Jackson, D. C., & Kalin, N. H. (2000). Emotion, plasticity, context, and regulation: Perspectives from affective neuroscience. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 890–909.PubMedCrossRef Davidson, R. J., Jackson, D. C., & Kalin, N. H. (2000). Emotion, plasticity, context, and regulation: Perspectives from affective neuroscience. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 890–909.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Davidson, R. J., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., Rosenkranz, M., Muller, D., Santorelli, S. F., et al. (2003). Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 564–570.PubMedCrossRef Davidson, R. J., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., Rosenkranz, M., Muller, D., Santorelli, S. F., et al. (2003). Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 564–570.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference George, L. K., Ellison, C. G., & Larson, D. B. (2002). Explaining the relationship between religious involvement and health. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 190–200.CrossRef George, L. K., Ellison, C. G., & Larson, D. B. (2002). Explaining the relationship between religious involvement and health. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 190–200.CrossRef
go back to reference Herzog, H., Lele, V. R., Kuwert, T., Langen, K. J., Kops, E. R., & Feinendegen, L. E. (1990–91). Changed pattern of regional glucose metabolism during yoga meditative relaxation. Neuropsychobiology, 23, 182–187.CrossRef Herzog, H., Lele, V. R., Kuwert, T., Langen, K. J., Kops, E. R., & Feinendegen, L. E. (1990–91). Changed pattern of regional glucose metabolism during yoga meditative relaxation. Neuropsychobiology, 23, 182–187.CrossRef
go back to reference Hill, P. C. (2005). Measurement in the psychology of religion and spirituality: Current status and evaluation. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 43–61). New York: The Guilford Press. Hill, P. C. (2005). Measurement in the psychology of religion and spirituality: Current status and evaluation. In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 43–61). New York: The Guilford Press.
go back to reference Hill, P. C., & Pargament, K. I. (2003). Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality: Implications for physical and mental health research. American Psychologist, 53, 64–74.CrossRef Hill, P. C., & Pargament, K. I. (2003). Advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality: Implications for physical and mental health research. American Psychologist, 53, 64–74.CrossRef
go back to reference Hill, P. C., Pargament, K. I., Hood, R. W., McCullough, M. E., Swyers, J. P., Larson, D. B., & Zinnbauer, B. J. (2000). Conceptualizing religion and spirituality: Points of commonality, points of departure. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 30, 51–77.CrossRef Hill, P. C., Pargament, K. I., Hood, R. W., McCullough, M. E., Swyers, J. P., Larson, D. B., & Zinnbauer, B. J. (2000). Conceptualizing religion and spirituality: Points of commonality, points of departure. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 30, 51–77.CrossRef
go back to reference James, W. (1902/1999). The varieties of religious experience. New York: The Modern Library. (Original work published 1902). James, W. (1902/1999). The varieties of religious experience. New York: The Modern Library. (Original work published 1902).
go back to reference Jevning, R., Anand, R., Biedebach, M., & Fernando, G. (1996). Effects on regional cerebral blood flow of transcendental meditation. Physiology & Behavior, 59, 399–402.CrossRef Jevning, R., Anand, R., Biedebach, M., & Fernando, G. (1996). Effects on regional cerebral blood flow of transcendental meditation. Physiology & Behavior, 59, 399–402.CrossRef
go back to reference Kabat-Zinn, J., Massion, A. O., Kristeller, J., Peterson, L. G., Fletcher, K. E., Pbert, L., et al. (1992). Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 936–943.PubMed Kabat-Zinn, J., Massion, A. O., Kristeller, J., Peterson, L. G., Fletcher, K. E., Pbert, L., et al. (1992). Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 936–943.PubMed
go back to reference Kang, D. H., Davidson, R. J., Coe, C. L., Wheeler, R. E., Tomarken, A. J., & Ershler, W. B. (1991). Frontal brain asymmetry and immune function. Behavioral Neuroscience, 105, 860–869.PubMedCrossRef Kang, D. H., Davidson, R. J., Coe, C. L., Wheeler, R. E., Tomarken, A. J., & Ershler, W. B. (1991). Frontal brain asymmetry and immune function. Behavioral Neuroscience, 105, 860–869.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kaplin, A., & Bartner, S. (2005). Reciprocal communication between the nervous and immune systems: Crosstalk, back-talk and motivational speeches. International Review of Psychiatry, 17, 439–441.PubMedCrossRef Kaplin, A., & Bartner, S. (2005). Reciprocal communication between the nervous and immune systems: Crosstalk, back-talk and motivational speeches. International Review of Psychiatry, 17, 439–441.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., & Glaser, R. (1995). Psychoneuroimmunology and health consequences: Data and shared mechanisms. Psychosomatic Medicine, 57, 269–274.PubMed Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., & Glaser, R. (1995). Psychoneuroimmunology and health consequences: Data and shared mechanisms. Psychosomatic Medicine, 57, 269–274.PubMed
go back to reference Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., McGuire, L., Robles, T. F., & Glaser, R. (2002). Emotions, morbidity, and mortality: New perspectives from psychoneuroimmunology. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 83–107.PubMedCrossRef Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., McGuire, L., Robles, T. F., & Glaser, R. (2002). Emotions, morbidity, and mortality: New perspectives from psychoneuroimmunology. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 83–107.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Koenig, H. G., McCullough, M. E., & Larson, D. B. (2001). Handbook of religion and health. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Koenig, H. G., McCullough, M. E., & Larson, D. B. (2001). Handbook of religion and health. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Larimore, W. L., Parker, M., & Crowther, M. (2002). Should clinicians incorporate positive spirituality into their practices? What does the evidence say? Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 69–73.PubMedCrossRef Larimore, W. L., Parker, M., & Crowther, M. (2002). Should clinicians incorporate positive spirituality into their practices? What does the evidence say? Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 69–73.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Larson, D. B., & Larson, S. S. (2003). Spirituality’s potential relevance to physical and emotional health: A brief review of quantitative research. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 31, 37–51. Larson, D. B., & Larson, S. S. (2003). Spirituality’s potential relevance to physical and emotional health: A brief review of quantitative research. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 31, 37–51.
go back to reference Lee, B. Y., & Newberg, A. B. (2005). Religion and health: A review and critical analysis. Zygon, 40, 443–468.CrossRef Lee, B. Y., & Newberg, A. B. (2005). Religion and health: A review and critical analysis. Zygon, 40, 443–468.CrossRef
go back to reference Levin, J. S. (1996). How religion influences morbidity and health: Reflections on natural history, salutogenesis and host resistance. Social Science & Medicine, 43, 849–864.CrossRef Levin, J. S. (1996). How religion influences morbidity and health: Reflections on natural history, salutogenesis and host resistance. Social Science & Medicine, 43, 849–864.CrossRef
go back to reference Looy, H., Reimer, K., & Seybold, K. (2005). Reductive no more: Explaining religion without explaining it away. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 24, 101–104. Looy, H., Reimer, K., & Seybold, K. (2005). Reductive no more: Explaining religion without explaining it away. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 24, 101–104.
go back to reference Lopez, J. F., Vazquez, D. M., Chalmers, D., & Watson, S. J. (1997). Regulation of 5-HT receptors and the hypothalamic–pituitary adrenal axis. Implications for the neurobiology of suicide. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 836, 106–134.PubMedCrossRef Lopez, J. F., Vazquez, D. M., Chalmers, D., & Watson, S. J. (1997). Regulation of 5-HT receptors and the hypothalamic–pituitary adrenal axis. Implications for the neurobiology of suicide. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 836, 106–134.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Marques-Deak, A., Cizza, G., & Sternberg, E. (2005). Brain-immune interactions and disease susceptibility. Molecular Psychiatry, 10, 239–250.PubMedCrossRef Marques-Deak, A., Cizza, G., & Sternberg, E. (2005). Brain-immune interactions and disease susceptibility. Molecular Psychiatry, 10, 239–250.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Masters, K. S., & Spielmans, G. I. (2007). Prayer and health: Review, meta-analysis, and research agenda. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. doi: 10.1007/s10865-007-9106-7 Masters, K. S., & Spielmans, G. I. (2007). Prayer and health: Review, meta-analysis, and research agenda. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. doi: 10.1007/s10865-007-9106-7
go back to reference Maton, K. I. (1989). The stress-buffering role of spiritual support: Cross-sectional and prospective investigations. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 28, 310–323.CrossRef Maton, K. I. (1989). The stress-buffering role of spiritual support: Cross-sectional and prospective investigations. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 28, 310–323.CrossRef
go back to reference McEwen, B. S. (1998). Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. The New England Journal of Medicine, 338, 171–179.PubMedCrossRef McEwen, B. S. (1998). Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. The New England Journal of Medicine, 338, 171–179.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference McNamara, P. (2002). The motivational origins of religious practices. Zygon, 37, 143–160.CrossRef McNamara, P. (2002). The motivational origins of religious practices. Zygon, 37, 143–160.CrossRef
go back to reference McNamara, P., Andresen, J., & Gellard, J. (2003). Relation of religiosity and scores on fluency tests to subjective reports of health in older individuals. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 13, 259–271.CrossRef McNamara, P., Andresen, J., & Gellard, J. (2003). Relation of religiosity and scores on fluency tests to subjective reports of health in older individuals. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 13, 259–271.CrossRef
go back to reference McNamara, P., Durso, R., Brown, A., & Harris, E. (2006). The chemistry of religiosity: Evidence from patients with Parkinson’s disease. In P. McNamara (Ed.), Where God and science meet: The neurology of religious experience (Vol. 2, pp. 1–14). Westport, CT: Praeger. McNamara, P., Durso, R., Brown, A., & Harris, E. (2006). The chemistry of religiosity: Evidence from patients with Parkinson’s disease. In P. McNamara (Ed.), Where God and science meet: The neurology of religious experience (Vol. 2, pp. 1–14). Westport, CT: Praeger.
go back to reference Newberg, A. B. (2006). Religious and spiritual practices: A neurochemical perspective. In P. McNamara (Ed.), Where God and science meet: The neurology of religious experience (Vol. 2, pp. 15–31). Westport, CT: Praeger. Newberg, A. B. (2006). Religious and spiritual practices: A neurochemical perspective. In P. McNamara (Ed.), Where God and science meet: The neurology of religious experience (Vol. 2, pp. 15–31). Westport, CT: Praeger.
go back to reference Newberg, A., & d’Aquili, E. (2001). Why God won’t go away: Brain science & the biology of belief. New York: Ballantine Books. Newberg, A., & d’Aquili, E. (2001). Why God won’t go away: Brain science & the biology of belief. New York: Ballantine Books.
go back to reference Oman, D., & Thoresen, C. E. (2005). Do religion and spirituality influence health? In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 435–459). New York: The Guilford Press. Oman, D., & Thoresen, C. E. (2005). Do religion and spirituality influence health? In R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 435–459). New York: The Guilford Press.
go back to reference Patel, C., Marmot, M. G., Terry, D. J., Carruthers, M., Hunt, B., & Patel, M. (1985). Trial of relaxation in reducing coronary risk: Four year follow up. British Medical Journal, 290, 1103–1106.PubMedCrossRef Patel, C., Marmot, M. G., Terry, D. J., Carruthers, M., Hunt, B., & Patel, M. (1985). Trial of relaxation in reducing coronary risk: Four year follow up. British Medical Journal, 290, 1103–1106.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Patoine, B. (2006). Too much of a good thing: Addiction as overlearning. Brain Work, 16, 1–3. Patoine, B. (2006). Too much of a good thing: Addiction as overlearning. Brain Work, 16, 1–3.
go back to reference Pickren, W. E. (2000). A whisper of salvation: American psychologists and religion in the popular press, 1884–1908. American Psychologist, 55, 1022–1024.PubMedCrossRef Pickren, W. E. (2000). A whisper of salvation: American psychologists and religion in the popular press, 1884–1908. American Psychologist, 55, 1022–1024.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Plante, T. G., & Sherman, A. C. (2001). Faith and health: Psychological perspectives. New York: The Guilford Press. Plante, T. G., & Sherman, A. C. (2001). Faith and health: Psychological perspectives. New York: The Guilford Press.
go back to reference Powell, L. H., Shahabi, L., & Thoresen, C. E. (2003). Religion and spirituality: Linkages to physical health. American Psychologist, 58, 36–52.PubMedCrossRef Powell, L. H., Shahabi, L., & Thoresen, C. E. (2003). Religion and spirituality: Linkages to physical health. American Psychologist, 58, 36–52.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Roberts, T. B. (2006). Chemical input, religious output—entheogens: A pharmatheology sampler. In P. McNamara (Ed.), Where God and science meet: The psychology of religious experience (Vol. 3, pp. 235–267). Westport, CT: Praeger. Roberts, T. B. (2006). Chemical input, religious output—entheogens: A pharmatheology sampler. In P. McNamara (Ed.), Where God and science meet: The psychology of religious experience (Vol. 3, pp. 235–267). Westport, CT: Praeger.
go back to reference Russell, J. A. (2006). Stress effects in the hippocampus: Synaptic plasticity and memory. The International Journal on the Biology of Stress, 9, 1–11.CrossRef Russell, J. A. (2006). Stress effects in the hippocampus: Synaptic plasticity and memory. The International Journal on the Biology of Stress, 9, 1–11.CrossRef
go back to reference Sapolsky, R. M., Uno, H., Rebert, C. S., & Finch, C. E. (1990). Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure in primates. The Journal of Neuroscience, 10, 2897–2902.PubMed Sapolsky, R. M., Uno, H., Rebert, C. S., & Finch, C. E. (1990). Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure in primates. The Journal of Neuroscience, 10, 2897–2902.PubMed
go back to reference Seeman, T. E., Dubin, L. F., & Seeman, M. (2003). Religiosity/spirituality and health: A critical review of the evidence for biological pathways. American Psychologist, 58, 53–63.PubMedCrossRef Seeman, T. E., Dubin, L. F., & Seeman, M. (2003). Religiosity/spirituality and health: A critical review of the evidence for biological pathways. American Psychologist, 58, 53–63.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Seybold, K.S., & Hill, P. C. (2001). The role of religion and spirituality in mental and physical health. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 21–24.CrossRef Seybold, K.S., & Hill, P. C. (2001). The role of religion and spirituality in mental and physical health. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 21–24.CrossRef
go back to reference Sloan, R. P., & Bagiella, E. (2002). Claims about religious involvement and health outcomes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 14–21.PubMedCrossRef Sloan, R. P., & Bagiella, E. (2002). Claims about religious involvement and health outcomes. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 14–21.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sloan, R. P., Bagiella, E., & Powell, T. (1999). Religion, spirituality, and medicine. The Lancet, 353, 664–667.CrossRef Sloan, R. P., Bagiella, E., & Powell, T. (1999). Religion, spirituality, and medicine. The Lancet, 353, 664–667.CrossRef
go back to reference Taylor, S. E. (2006). Tend and befriend: Biobehavioral bases of affiliation under stress. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 273–277.CrossRef Taylor, S. E. (2006). Tend and befriend: Biobehavioral bases of affiliation under stress. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 273–277.CrossRef
go back to reference Thoresen, C. E., & Harris, A. H. S. (2002). Spirituality and health: What’s the evidence and what’s needed? Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 3–13.PubMedCrossRef Thoresen, C. E., & Harris, A. H. S. (2002). Spirituality and health: What’s the evidence and what’s needed? Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 3–13.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Uchino, B. N. (2006). Social support and health: A review of physiological processes potentially underlying links to disease outcomes. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29, 377–387.PubMedCrossRef Uchino, B. N. (2006). Social support and health: A review of physiological processes potentially underlying links to disease outcomes. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29, 377–387.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Viltart, O., Mairesse, J., Darnaudéry, M., Louvart, H., Vanbesien-Mailliot, C., Catalani, A., et al. (2006). Prenatal stress alters Fos protein expression in hippocampus and locus coeruleus stress-related brain structures. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31, 769–780.PubMedCrossRef Viltart, O., Mairesse, J., Darnaudéry, M., Louvart, H., Vanbesien-Mailliot, C., Catalani, A., et al. (2006). Prenatal stress alters Fos protein expression in hippocampus and locus coeruleus stress-related brain structures. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31, 769–780.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
Physiological Mechanisms Involved in Religiosity/Spirituality and Health
Auteur
Kevin S. Seybold
Publicatiedatum
01-08-2007
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Behavioral Medicine / Uitgave 4/2007
Print ISSN: 0160-7715
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3521
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-007-9115-6

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2007

Journal of Behavioral Medicine 4/2007 Naar de uitgave