Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence 5/2017

17-02-2017 | Empirical Research

Perceptions of Parent-Child Attachment Relationships and Friendship Qualities: Predictors of Romantic Relationship Involvement and Quality in Adolescence

Auteurs: Logan B. Kochendorfer, Kathryn A. Kerns

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 5/2017

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Relationships with parents and friends are important contexts for developing romantic relationship skills. Parents and friends may influence both the timing of involvement and the quality of romantic relationships. Three models of the joint influence of parents and friends (direct effects model, mediation model, and moderator model) have been proposed. The present study uses data from a longitudinal study (n = 1012; 49.8% female; 81.1% Caucasian) to examine how attachment and friendship quality at age 10 years predict romantic relationship involvement and quality at ages 12 and 15 years. The results supported the direct effects model, with attachment and friendship quality uniquely predicting different romantic relationship outcomes. The findings provide further support for the important influence of family and friends on early romantic relationships.
Voetnoten
1
Although adolescents also filled out a father version of the attachment measure at age 10 years, we do not include this measure in our main analyses because mother and father attachment security were highly correlated (r = .73) and thus putting them together in a regression analysis would be problematic. Furthermore, due to missing data for father-child attachment, the number of participants involved in a romantic relationship at ages 12 and 15 years decreased by almost 40 participants, which reduced power substantially. For descriptive purposes, we do provide information about results for father-child attachment in later footnotes.
 
2
T-tests revealed that father-child attachment also was related to romantic relationship involvement at age 12 years, with those who were more securely attached less likely to be involved in a romantic relationship (MInvolved = 3.37 and MNotInvolved = 3.16, p < .001).
 
3
Although the logistic regression analyses did not find that mother-child attachment was a unique predictor of involvement after controlling for other variables, T-tests revealed that both mother-child attachment and father-child attachment were related to romantic relationship involvement at age 15 years. Those who were more securely attached were less likely to be involved in romantic relationships at age 15 years (MInvolved = 3.33 and MNotInvolved = 3.42, t(923) = 2.48, p < .05; MInvolved = 3.22 and MNotInvolved = 3.37, t(772) = 3.26, p < .01, for mothers and fathers, respectively). Due to our interest in understanding the unique effects of each predictor, we did not interpret these effects but do provide them for descriptive purposes.
 
4
Father-child attachment security also correlated significantly with every friendship quality variable (companionship, r = .13, intimacy, r = .11, negative interactions, r = −.20). In addition, father-child attachment was related to less negative interactions in romantic relationships at age 12 years (r = −.19), whereas mother-child attachment security was marginally related to less negative interactions in romantic relationships at age 12 years (r = −.13).
 
5
To test whether associations between attachment or friendship with romantic relationship qualities differed for boys and girls, we split our data by gender and re-ran the correlations. Of the 30 correlations, only one was significantly different, and given this was less than what is expected by chance we did not interpret this effect.
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Boisvert, S., & Poulin, F. (2016). Romantic relationship patterns from adolescence to emerging adulthood: Associations with family and peer experiences in early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(5), 945–958. doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0435-0.CrossRefPubMed Boisvert, S., & Poulin, F. (2016). Romantic relationship patterns from adolescence to emerging adulthood: Associations with family and peer experiences in early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(5), 945–958. doi:10.​1007/​s10964-016-0435-0.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bukowski, W. M., Motzoi, C., & Meyer, F. (2009). Friendship as process, function, and outcome. In K. H. Rubin, W. M. Bukowski, & B. Laursen (Eds.), Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups (pp. 217–231). New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Bukowski, W. M., Motzoi, C., & Meyer, F. (2009). Friendship as process, function, and outcome. In K. H. Rubin, W. M. Bukowski, & B. Laursen (Eds.), Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups (pp. 217–231). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
go back to reference Carver, K., Joyner, K., & Udry, J. R. (2003). National estimates of adolescent romantic relationships. In P. Florsheim (Ed.), Adolescent romantic relations and sexual behavior: Theory, research, and practical implications (pp. 23–56). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Carver, K., Joyner, K., & Udry, J. R. (2003). National estimates of adolescent romantic relationships. In P. Florsheim (Ed.), Adolescent romantic relations and sexual behavior: Theory, research, and practical implications (pp. 23–56). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
go back to reference Collins, W. A. (2003). More than myth: The developmental significance of romantic relationships during adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 13(1), 1–24.CrossRef Collins, W. A. (2003). More than myth: The developmental significance of romantic relationships during adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 13(1), 1–24.CrossRef
go back to reference Collins, W. A., & Sroufe, L. A. (1999). Capacity for intimate relationships: A developmental construction. In W. Furman, B. B. Brown, & C. Feiring (Eds.), The development of romantic relationships in adolescence (pp. 125–147). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Collins, W. A., & Sroufe, L. A. (1999). Capacity for intimate relationships: A developmental construction. In W. Furman, B. B. Brown, & C. Feiring (Eds.), The development of romantic relationships in adolescence (pp. 125–147). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Collins, W. A., & van Dulmen, M. (2015). “The course of true love (s)…” Origins and pathways in the development of romantic relationships. In A. Booth, A. C. Crouter, & A. Snyder (Eds.), Romance and sex in adolescence and emerging adulthood: Risks and opportunities (pp. 63–86). New York, NY: Routledge. Collins, W. A., & van Dulmen, M. (2015). “The course of true love (s)…” Origins and pathways in the development of romantic relationships. In A. Booth, A. C. Crouter, & A. Snyder (Eds.), Romance and sex in adolescence and emerging adulthood: Risks and opportunities (pp. 63–86). New York, NY: Routledge.
go back to reference Connolly, J., & McIsaac, C. (2011). Romantic relationships in adolescence. In M. K. Underwood, & L. H. Rosen (Eds.), Social development: Relationships in infancy, childhood, and adolescence (pp. 180–203). New York, NY: Guilford Publications, Inc. Connolly, J., & McIsaac, C. (2011). Romantic relationships in adolescence. In M. K. Underwood, & L. H. Rosen (Eds.), Social development: Relationships in infancy, childhood, and adolescence (pp. 180–203). New York, NY: Guilford Publications, Inc.
go back to reference Davies, P. T., & Windle, M. (2000). Middle adolescents’ dating pathways and psychosocial adjustment. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 46(1), 90–118. Davies, P. T., & Windle, M. (2000). Middle adolescents’ dating pathways and psychosocial adjustment. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 46(1), 90–118.
go back to reference Deardorff, J., Hayward, C., Wilson, K. A., Bryson, S., Hammer, L. D., & Agras, S. (2007). Puberty and gender interact to predict social anxiety symptoms in early adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 102–104.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Deardorff, J., Hayward, C., Wilson, K. A., Bryson, S., Hammer, L. D., & Agras, S. (2007). Puberty and gender interact to predict social anxiety symptoms in early adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 102–104.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Fuligni, A. J., & Eccles, J. S. (1993). Perceived parent-child relationships and early adolescents’ orientation toward peers. Developmental Psychology, 29(4), 622–632.CrossRef Fuligni, A. J., & Eccles, J. S. (1993). Perceived parent-child relationships and early adolescents’ orientation toward peers. Developmental Psychology, 29(4), 622–632.CrossRef
go back to reference Furman, W. (1996). The measurement of friendship perceptions: Conceptual and methodological issues. In W. M. Bukowski, A. F. Newcomb, & W. W. Hartup (Eds.), The company they keep: Friendships in childhood and adolescence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Furman, W. (1996). The measurement of friendship perceptions: Conceptual and methodological issues. In W. M. Bukowski, A. F. Newcomb, & W. W. Hartup (Eds.), The company they keep: Friendships in childhood and adolescence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
go back to reference Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D. (2009). Methods and measures: The network of relationships inventory: Behavioral systems version. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(5), 470–478.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D. (2009). Methods and measures: The network of relationships inventory: Behavioral systems version. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(5), 470–478.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Furman, W., & Wehner, E. A. (1997). Adolescent romantic relationships: A developmental perspective. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 78, 21–36.CrossRef Furman, W., & Wehner, E. A. (1997). Adolescent romantic relationships: A developmental perspective. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 78, 21–36.CrossRef
go back to reference Groh, A. M., Fearon, R. P., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Steele, R. D., & Roisman, G. I. (2014). The significance of attachment security for children’s social competence with peers: A meta-analytic study. Attachment & Human Development, 16(2), 103–136. doi:10.1080/14616734.2014.883636.CrossRef Groh, A. M., Fearon, R. P., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Steele, R. D., & Roisman, G. I. (2014). The significance of attachment security for children’s social competence with peers: A meta-analytic study. Attachment & Human Development, 16(2), 103–136. doi:10.​1080/​14616734.​2014.​883636.CrossRef
go back to reference Kerns, K. A. (1994). A developmental model of the relations between mother-child attachment and friendship. In R. Erber, & R. Gilmour (Eds.), Theoretical frameworks for personal relationships (pp. 129–156). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Kerns, K. A. (1994). A developmental model of the relations between mother-child attachment and friendship. In R. Erber, & R. Gilmour (Eds.), Theoretical frameworks for personal relationships (pp. 129–156). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
go back to reference Kerns, K. A., & Brumariu, L. E. (2016). Attachment in middle childhood. In J. Cassidy, & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment (pp. 349–365). New York: Guilford Press. Kerns, K. A., & Brumariu, L. E. (2016). Attachment in middle childhood. In J. Cassidy, & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment (pp. 349–365). New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Kerns, K. A., Schlegelmilch, A., Morgan, T. A., & Abraham, M. M. (2005). Assessing attachment in middle childhood. In K. A. Kerns, & R. A. Richardson (Eds.), Attachment in middle childhood (pp. 46–70). New York: Guilford Press. Kerns, K. A., Schlegelmilch, A., Morgan, T. A., & Abraham, M. M. (2005). Assessing attachment in middle childhood. In K. A. Kerns, & R. A. Richardson (Eds.), Attachment in middle childhood (pp. 46–70). New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Kerns, K. A., Seiner, S., & Brumariu, L. E. (2011). Mother-child relationships, family context, and child characteristics as predictors of anxiety symptoms in middle childhood. Development and Psychopathology, 23, 593–604. doi:10.1017/S0954579411000228.CrossRefPubMed Kerns, K. A., Seiner, S., & Brumariu, L. E. (2011). Mother-child relationships, family context, and child characteristics as predictors of anxiety symptoms in middle childhood. Development and Psychopathology, 23, 593–604. doi:10.​1017/​S095457941100022​8.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kobak, R., Herres, J., Gaskins, C., & Laurenceau, J. P. (2012). Teacher–student interactions and attachment states of mind as predictors of early romantic involvement and risky sexual behaviors. Attachment & Human Development, 14(3), 289–303. doi:10.1080/1616734.2012.672282.CrossRef Kobak, R., Herres, J., Gaskins, C., & Laurenceau, J. P. (2012). Teacher–student interactions and attachment states of mind as predictors of early romantic involvement and risky sexual behaviors. Attachment & Human Development, 14(3), 289–303. doi:10.​1080/​1616734.​2012.​672282.CrossRef
go back to reference Lynch, M., & Cicchetti, D. (1997). Children’s relationships with adults and peers: An examination of elementary and junior high school students. Journal of School Psychology, 35(1), 81–99.CrossRef Lynch, M., & Cicchetti, D. (1997). Children’s relationships with adults and peers: An examination of elementary and junior high school students. Journal of School Psychology, 35(1), 81–99.CrossRef
go back to reference Pallini, S., Baiocco, R., Schneider, B. H., Madigan, S., & Atkinson, L. (2014). Early child–parent attachment and peer relations: A meta-analysis of recent research. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(1), 118–123. doi:10.1037/a0035736.CrossRefPubMed Pallini, S., Baiocco, R., Schneider, B. H., Madigan, S., & Atkinson, L. (2014). Early child–parent attachment and peer relations: A meta-analysis of recent research. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(1), 118–123. doi:10.​1037/​a0035736.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Parker, J. G., & Asher, S. R. (1993). Friendship and friendship quality in middle childhood: Links with peer group acceptance and feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction. Developmental Psychology, 29(4), 611–621. doi:10.1037//0012-1649.29.4.611.CrossRef Parker, J. G., & Asher, S. R. (1993). Friendship and friendship quality in middle childhood: Links with peer group acceptance and feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction. Developmental Psychology, 29(4), 611–621. doi:10.​1037/​/​0012-1649.​29.​4.​611.CrossRef
go back to reference Roisman, G. I., Booth-LaForce, C., Cauffman, E., & Spieker, S., NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2009). The developmental significance of adolescent romantic relationships: Parent and peer predictors of engagement and quality at age 15. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(10), 1294–1303. doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9378-4.CrossRefPubMed Roisman, G. I., Booth-LaForce, C., Cauffman, E., & Spieker, S., NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2009). The developmental significance of adolescent romantic relationships: Parent and peer predictors of engagement and quality at age 15. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(10), 1294–1303. doi:10.​1007/​s10964-008-9378-4.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Rose, A. J., Carlson, W., & Waller, E. M. (2007). Prospective associations of co-rumination with friendship and emotional adjustment: Considering the socioemotional trade-offs of co-rumination. Developmental Psychology, 43(4), 1019–1031.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rose, A. J., Carlson, W., & Waller, E. M. (2007). Prospective associations of co-rumination with friendship and emotional adjustment: Considering the socioemotional trade-offs of co-rumination. Developmental Psychology, 43(4), 1019–1031.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Rosenthal, N. L., & Kobak, R. (2010). Assessing adolescents’ attachment hierarchies: Differences across developmental periods and associations with individual adaptation. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20(3), 678–706. doi:10.111/j.1532-7795.2010.00655.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rosenthal, N. L., & Kobak, R. (2010). Assessing adolescents’ attachment hierarchies: Differences across developmental periods and associations with individual adaptation. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20(3), 678–706. doi:10.111/j.1532-7795.2010.00655.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Rubin, K. H., Oh, W., Menzer, M., & Ellison, K. (2011). Dyadic relationships from a cross-cultural perspective: Parent–child relationships and friendship. In X. Chen, & K. J. Rubin (Eds.), Socioemotional development in cultural context (pp. 208–237). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Rubin, K. H., Oh, W., Menzer, M., & Ellison, K. (2011). Dyadic relationships from a cross-cultural perspective: Parent–child relationships and friendship. In X. Chen, & K. J. Rubin (Eds.), Socioemotional development in cultural context (pp. 208–237). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Rutter, M., & Sroufe, L. A. (2000). Developmental psychopathology: Concepts and challenges. Development and Psychopathology, 12(03), 265–296.CrossRefPubMed Rutter, M., & Sroufe, L. A. (2000). Developmental psychopathology: Concepts and challenges. Development and Psychopathology, 12(03), 265–296.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Simpson, J. A. (1990). Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(5), 971–980.CrossRef Simpson, J. A. (1990). Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(5), 971–980.CrossRef
go back to reference Simpson, J. A., Collins, W. A., & Salvatore, J. E. (2011). The impact of early interpersonal experience on adult romantic relationship functioning recent findings from the Minnesota longitudinal study of risk and adaptation. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(6), 355–359. doi:10.1177/0963721411418468.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Simpson, J. A., Collins, W. A., & Salvatore, J. E. (2011). The impact of early interpersonal experience on adult romantic relationship functioning recent findings from the Minnesota longitudinal study of risk and adaptation. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(6), 355–359. doi:10.​1177/​0963721411418468​.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Sroufe, L. A., Bennett, C., Englund, M., Urban, J., & Shulman, S. (1993). The significance of gender boundaries in preadolescence: Contemporary correlates and antecedents of boundary violation and maintenance. Child Development, 64(2), 455–466. doi:10.2307/1131262.CrossRefPubMed Sroufe, L. A., Bennett, C., Englund, M., Urban, J., & Shulman, S. (1993). The significance of gender boundaries in preadolescence: Contemporary correlates and antecedents of boundary violation and maintenance. Child Development, 64(2), 455–466. doi:10.​2307/​1131262.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., & Carlson, E. A. (1999). One social world: The integrated development of parent-child and peer relationships. In W. A. Collins, & B. Laursen (Eds.), Relationships as developmental contexts (pp. 241–261). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., & Carlson, E. A. (1999). One social world: The integrated development of parent-child and peer relationships. In W. A. Collins, & B. Laursen (Eds.), Relationships as developmental contexts (pp. 241–261). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
go back to reference Tanner, J. M. (1962). Growth at adolescence (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell. Tanner, J. M. (1962). Growth at adolescence (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.
go back to reference Vitaro, F., Boivin, M., & Bukowski, W. M. (2009). The role of friendship in child and adolescent psychosocial development. In K. H. Rubin, W. M. Bukowski, & B. Laursen (Eds.). Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups (pp. 568–585). New York: Guilford Press. Vitaro, F., Boivin, M., & Bukowski, W. M. (2009). The role of friendship in child and adolescent psychosocial development. In K. H. Rubin, W. M. Bukowski, & B. Laursen (Eds.). Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups (pp. 568–585). New York: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Siebenbruner, J., & Collins, W. A. (2001). Diverse aspects of dating: Associations with psychosocial functioning from early to middle adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 313–336. doi:10.1006/jado.2001.0410.CrossRefPubMed Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Siebenbruner, J., & Collins, W. A. (2001). Diverse aspects of dating: Associations with psychosocial functioning from early to middle adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 313–336. doi:10.​1006/​jado.​2001.​0410.CrossRefPubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
Perceptions of Parent-Child Attachment Relationships and Friendship Qualities: Predictors of Romantic Relationship Involvement and Quality in Adolescence
Auteurs
Logan B. Kochendorfer
Kathryn A. Kerns
Publicatiedatum
17-02-2017
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 5/2017
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0645-0

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2017

Journal of Youth and Adolescence 5/2017 Naar de uitgave