Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-03-2016 | Original Paper

Perceived Parenting Styles and Cultural Influences in Adolescent’s Anxiety: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

Auteurs: Seyed Ebrahim Mousavi, Wah Yun Low, Aili Hanim Hashim

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 7/2016

Abstract

A growing body of literature links particular parenting practices with negative child outcomes including greater anxiety symptoms among western societies. However, the effects of cultural differences on such linkages have not been adequately addressed in the anxiety literature. This study therefore aimed to examine the relationship between perceived parenting style and anxiety among Malay, Chinese, Indian, Arab and European/American (Caucasian) origins adolescents and the possible cultural group influences on this relationship was studied. Using multiple cluster sampling, a total of 227 students (122 boys and 105 girls) aged 13–18 years was selected. They completed questionnaires measuring parental rearing behaviors (EMBU-C) and anxiety symptoms scale (SCAS). Results indicated that in comparison to the European/American; Asian samples reported greater anxiety symptoms on all subscales of anxiety. Parental rejection, anxious rearing and control/over protection were correlated to higher anxiety independent of cultural group but these associations were stronger for Caucasians. Parenting styles as predictor of anxiety were found to be cross culturally different. Although European/American adolescents rated their parents as least over controlling, it was significant predictor of anxiety. This study provides evidence for the notion that relationship between parenting factors and anxiety were different across cultural contexts.

vorige artikel Assessing Future Expectations of Low-Income Minority Young Men: Survival-Threats and Positive Expectations

volgende artikel The Influence of Family Socio-economic Status on Learning Burnout in Adolescents: Mediating and Moderating Effects

Affrunti, N. W., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2012). Exploring parental predictors of child anxiety: The mediating role of child interpretation bias. Paper presented at the Child & Youth Care Forum.

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Arendt, K., Hougaard, E., & Thastum, M. (2014). Psychometric properties of the child and parent versions of Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale in a Danish community and clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(8), 947–956. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.021.CrossRefPubMed

Barber, B., Olsen, J., & Shagle, S. (1994). Associations between parental psychological and behavioral control and youth internalized and externalized behaviors. Child Development, 65(4), 1120–1136.CrossRefPubMed

Barlow, D. H. (2004). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic. New York: The Guilford Press.

Castro, J., Toro, J., VanDer Ende, J., & Arrindell, W. A. (1993). Exploring the feasibility of assessing perceived parental rearing styles in Spanish children with the EMBU. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 39, 47–57.CrossRefPubMed

Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1998). The development of anxiety: The role of control in the early environment. Psychological Bulletin, 124(1), 3–21.CrossRefPubMed

Creveling, C. C., Varela, R. E., Weems, C. F., & Corey, D. M. (2010). Maternal control, cognitive style, and childhood anxiety: A test of a theoretical model in a multi-ethnic sample. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 439–448.CrossRefPubMed

Dewar, G. (2000). Authoritarian parenting: How does it affect the kids? Parenting science. In E. H. Erickson (Ed.), The life cycle completed. New York: Norton.

Dwairy, M., & Menshar, K. E. (2006). Parenting style, individuation, and mental health of Egyptian adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 29(1), 103–117.CrossRefPubMed

Essau, C. A., Ishikawa, S. I., Sasagawa, S., Sato, H., Okajima, I., Otsui, K., et al. (2011). Anxiety symptoms among adolescents in Japan and England: Their relationship with self-construals and social support. Depression and Anxiety, 28(6), 509–518.CrossRefPubMed

Gan, W., Taib, M., Nasir, M., Mohd Shariff, Z., & Abu Saad, H. (2011). Disordered eating behaviors, depression, anxiety and stress among Malaysian University students. The College Student Journal, 45(2), 296–309.

Gottman, J., Katz, L., & Hooven, C. (1997). Meta-emotion: How families communicate emotionally. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Hale, W. W, I. I. I., Engels, R., & Meeus, W. (2006). Adolescent’s perceptions of parenting behaviours and its relationship to adolescent Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptoms. Journal of Adolescence, 29(3), 407–417.CrossRefPubMed

Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., & Hinton, D. E. (2010). Cultural aspects in social anxiety and social anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 27(12), 1117–1127.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hudson, J. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2001). Parent–child interactions and anxiety disorders: An observational study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 1411–1427.CrossRefPubMed

Hudson, J. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2004). From anxious temperament to disorder: An etiological model. In R. G. Heimberg, C. L. Turk, & D. S. Mennin (Eds.), Generalized anxiety disorder (pp. 51–74). New York: Guilford Press.

Jambunathan, S., & Counselman, K. P. (2002). Parenting attitudes of Asian Indian mothers living in the United States and in India. Early Child Development and Care, 172, 657–662.CrossRef

Keshavarz, S., & Baharudin, R. (2009). Parenting style in a collectivist cultures of Malaysia. European Journal of Social Sciences, 10(1), 66–73.

Knappe, S., Beesdo-Baum, K., Fehm, L., Lieb, R., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2012). Characterizing the association between parenting and adolescent social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(5), 608–616.CrossRefPubMed

Laurin, J. C., Joussemet, M., Tremblay, R. E., & Boivin, M. (2015). Early forms of controlling parenting and the development of childhood anxiety. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 3279–3292.CrossRef

Mancini, C., Van Ameringen, M., Bennett, M., Patterson, B., & Watson, C. (2005). Emerging treatments for child and adolescent social phobia. A review. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 15, 589–607.CrossRefPubMed

McLeod, B. D., Wood, J. J., & Weisz, J. R. (2007). Examining the association between parenting and childhood anxiety: A metaanalysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 155–172.CrossRefPubMed

Muris, P., Bosma, H., Meesters, C., & Schouten, E. (1998). Perceived parental rearing behaviours: A confirmatory factor analytic study of the Dutch EMBU for children. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 439–442.CrossRef

Muris, P., Mayer, B., & Meesters, C. (2000a). Self-reported attachment style, anxiety, and depression in children. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal, 28(2), 157–162.CrossRef

Muris, P., Meesters, C., Merckelbach, H., & Hülsenbeck, P. (2000b). Worry in children is related to perceived parental rearing and attachment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(5), 487–497.CrossRefPubMed

Muris, P., Meesters, C., & van Brakel, A. (2003). Assessment of anxious rearing behaviors with a modified version of “Egna MinnenBetr¨affande Uppfostran” questionnaire for children. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 25, 229–237.CrossRef

Nanda, M. M., Kotchick, B. A., & Grover, R. L. (2012). Parental psychological control and childhood anxiety: The mediating role of perceived lack of control. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(4), 637–645.CrossRef

Ng, K., Trusty, J., & Crawford, R. (2005). A cross-cultural validation of the attachment style questionnaire: A Malaysian pilot study. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 13(4), 416–426.CrossRef

Pereira, A. I., Barros, L., Mendonça, D., & Muris, P. (2014). The relationships among parental anxiety, parenting, and children’s anxiety: The mediating effects of children’s cognitive vulnerabilities. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(2), 399–409.CrossRef

Rapee, R. (1997). Potential role of childrearing practices in the development of anxiety and depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 17(1), 47–67.CrossRefPubMed

Rapee, R. M., Schniering, C. A., & Hudson, J. L. (2009). Anxiety disorders during childhood and adolescence: Origins and treatment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 5, 311–341.CrossRefPubMed

Rudy, D., & Grusec, J. E. (2006). Authoritarian parenting in individualist and collectivist groups: Associations with maternal emotion and cognition and children’s self-esteem. Journal of Family Psychology, 20(1), 68–77.CrossRefPubMed

Spence, S. (1998). A measure of anxiety symptoms among children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(5), 545–566.CrossRefPubMed

Stewart, S. M., & Bond, M. H. (2002). A critical look at parenting research from the mainstream: Problems uncovered while adapting Western research to non-Western cultures. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20, 379–392.CrossRef

Van Brakel, A., Muris, P., Bogels, S., & Thomassen, C. (2006). A multifactorial model for the etiology of anxiety in non-clinical adolescents: Main and interactive effects of behavioral inhibition, attachment and parental rearing. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 15(5), 568–578.CrossRef

Van Der Bruggen, C. O., Stams, G. J. J., & Bögels, S. M. (2008). Research review: The relation between child and parent anxiety and parental control: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(12), 1257–1269.CrossRefPubMed

Varela, R. E., Niditch, L. A., Hensley-Maloney, L., Moore, K. W., & Creveling, C. C. (2013). Parenting practices, interpretive biases, and anxiety in Latino children. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27(2), 171–177.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Varela, R. E., Vernberg, E. M., Sanchez-Sosa, J. J., Riveros, A., Mitchell, M., & Mashunkashey, J. (2004). Parenting style of Mexican, Mexican American, and European American families: Social context and cultural influences. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 651–657.CrossRefPubMed

Vasey, M. W., & Dadds, M. R. (2001). The developmental psychopathology of anxiety. Part II. London: Oxford University Press.CrossRef

Vulić-Prtoric, A., & Macuka, I. (2006). Family and coping factors in the differentiation of childhood anxiety and depression. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 79, 199–214.CrossRef

Wilcox, W. B. (1998). Conservative protestant childrearing: Authoritarian or authoritative? American Sociological Review, 63, 796–809.CrossRef

Wittmer, D. S., & Petersen, S. H. (2006). Infant and toddler development and responsive program planning: A relationship-based approach: Recording for the Blind & Dyslexic.

Wood, J. J., McLeod, B. D., Sigman, M., Hwang, W.-C., & Chu, B. C. (2003). Parenting and childhood anxiety: Theory, empirical findings, and future directions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(1), 134–151.CrossRefPubMed

Xu, Y., Ann, J., Farver, M., Zhang, Z., Zeng, Q., Yu, L., & Cai, B. (2005). Mainland Chinese parenting styles and parent–child interaction. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29, 524–533.CrossRef

You, H. S., & Malley-Morrison, K. (2000). Young adult attachment styles and intimate relationships with close friends: A cross-cultural study of Koreans and Caucasian Americans. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31(4), 528–534.CrossRef

Young, B. J., Wallace, D. P., Imig, M., Borgerding, L., Brown-Jacobsen, A. M., & Whiteside, S. P. (2013). Parenting behaviors and childhood anxiety: A psychometric investigation of the EMBU-C. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22(8), 1138–1146.CrossRef

Zawawi, D. (2008). Cultural dimensions among Malaysian employees. International Journal of Economics and Management, 2, 409–426.

Titel: Perceived Parenting Styles and Cultural Influences in Adolescent’s Anxiety: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
Auteurs: Seyed Ebrahim Mousavi
Wah Yun Low
Aili Hanim Hashim
Publicatiedatum: 01-03-2016
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 7/2016
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0393-x

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 7/2016

The Influence of Family Socio-economic Status on Learning Burnout in Adolescents: Mediating and Moderating Effects

Rates, Associations, and Predictors of Psychopathology in a Convenience Sample of School-Aged Latino Youth: Identifying Areas for Mental Health Outreach

Clinical Supervision Dilemmas Related to Child Abuse in Wraparound Treatment

Defining Child Maltreatment Among Lay People and Community Professionals: Exploring Consensus in Ratings of Severity

Group-Schematherapy for Adolescents: Results from a Naturalistic Multiple Case Study

The Role of ADHD and Negative Emotional Lability in Predicting Changes in Parenting Daily Hassles