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Gepubliceerd in:

01-08-2015

Perceived ethnic discrimination and cigarette smoking: examining the moderating effects of race/ethnicity and gender in a sample of Black and Latino urban adults

Auteurs: Elizabeth Brondolo, Angela Monge, John Agosta, Jonathan N. Tobin, Andrea Cassells, Cassandra Stanton, Joseph Schwartz

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine | Uitgave 4/2015

Abstract

Perceived ethnic discrimination has been associated with cigarette smoking in US adults in the majority of studies, but gaps in understanding remain. It is unclear if the association of discrimination to smoking is a function of lifetime or recent exposure to discrimination. Some sociodemographic and mood-related risk factors may confound the relationship of discrimination to smoking. Gender and race/ethnicity differences in this relationship have been understudied. This study examines the relationship of lifetime and recent discrimination to smoking status and frequency, controlling for sociodemographic and mood-related variables and investigating the moderating role of race/ethnicity and gender. Participants included 518 Black and Latino(a) adults from New York, US. Lifetime and past week discrimination were measured with the Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire-Community Version. Ecological momentary assessment methods were used to collect data on smoking and mood every 20 min throughout one testing day using an electronic diary. Controlling for sociodemographic and mood-related variables, there was a significant association of recent (past week) discrimination exposure to current smoking. Lifetime discrimination was associated with smoking frequency, but not current smoking status. The association of recent discrimination to smoking status was moderated by race/ethnicity and gender, with positive associations emerging for both Black adults and for men. The association of lifetime discrimination on smoking frequency was not moderated by gender or race/ethnicity. Acute race/ethnicity-related stressors may be associated with the decision to smoke at all on a given day; whereas chronic stigmatization may reduce the barriers to smoking more frequently.

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The majority of Latino(a) participants (>80 %) in this sample were of Puerto Rican descent. Most did not provide information on their race, indicating “Other” race, but endorsed an item which asked if they were “Hispanic/Latino(a)”. To determine if participants may have faced discrimination differently if they were perceived as White or Black versus Latino(a), participants were also asked if others saw them as Hispanic/Latino(a) or another race. Most (79.5 %) reported that other people viewed them as Hispanic/Latino, with 10 % indicating they were perceived as White and the remaining 10 % reporting they were perceived as Black or another race/ethnicity other than White.

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Titel: Perceived ethnic discrimination and cigarette smoking: examining the moderating effects of race/ethnicity and gender in a sample of Black and Latino urban adults
Auteurs: Elizabeth Brondolo
Angela Monge
John Agosta
Jonathan N. Tobin
Andrea Cassells
Cassandra Stanton
Joseph Schwartz
Publicatiedatum: 01-08-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine / Uitgave 4/2015
Print ISSN: 0160-7715
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3521
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-015-9645-2

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