Introduction
Promotion of Psychological Autonomy in Mexican–American Families
Psychological Control in Mexican–American Families
The Current Study
Method
Participants
Procedure
Measures
Perceptions of Parenting Practices
Promotion of Psychological Autonomy
Psychological Control
Validation of the Scales of Promotion of Psychological Autonomy and of Psychological Control
Adolescents’ Adjustment
Self-Worth
Depressive Symptoms
Number of Delinquent Friends
Adolescents’ Acculturation
Data Preparation
Results
Preliminary Analyses
Variable |
n
|
M
| SD |
---|---|---|---|
Fifth grade | |||
Acculturation | 127 | 3.17 | .68 |
Promotion of psychological autonomy | 134 | 4.00 | .66 |
Psychological control | 134 | 3.38 | .54 |
Self-worth | 134 | 3.28 | .63 |
Depressive symptoms | 127 | 1.27 | .20 |
Number of delinquent friends | 126 | .13 | .13 |
Seventh grade | |||
Self-worth | 133 | 3.27 | .61 |
Depressive symptoms | 132 | 1.23 | .19 |
Number of delinquent friends | 134 | .14 | .13 |
Promotion of Psychological Autonomy, Psychological Control, and Acculturation
Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fifth grade | |||||||||
1. Acculturation | – | −.08 | −.03 | .16†
| −.19* | .03 | .14 | −.27** | .07 |
2. Promotion of psychological autonomy | – | .41*** | .24** | −.17†
| .02 | .08 | −.07 | −.19* | |
3. Psychological control | – | −.09 | .20* | .12 | −.11 | .20* | −.02 | ||
4. Self-worth | – | −.49*** | −.13 | .34*** | −.25** | −.03 | |||
5. Depressive symptoms | – | .11 | −.33*** | .37*** | .06 | ||||
6. Number of delinquent friends | – | −.10 | .08 | .35*** | |||||
Seventh grade | |||||||||
7. Self-worth | – | −.61*** | −.08 | ||||||
8. Depressive symptoms | – | .20* | |||||||
9. Number of delinquent friends | – |
Promotion of Psychological Autonomy, Psychological Control, Acculturation, and Adjustment
Self-Worth
Predictors | Adjustment in 7th grade | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Self-worth (n = 124) | Depressive symptoms (n = 123) | Delinquent peers (n = 124) | ||||
β |
∆R
2
| β |
∆R
2
| β |
∆R
2
| |
Step 1
| .15*** | .22*** | .17*** | |||
Gendera
| −.17* | .09 | −.17* | |||
Family income | .04 | .02 | −.14 | |||
Acculturation | .07 | −.26** | .05 | |||
Adjustment—5th gradeb
| .30*** | .33*** | .31*** | |||
Step 2
| .01 | .04* | .04* | |||
Autonomy—5th grade | .04 | −.21* | −.23** | |||
Control—5th grade | −.09 | .20* | .05 | |||
Step 3
| .05* | .01 | .01 | |||
Autonomy × acculturation | −.25*
| .13 | .10 | |||
Control × acculturation | .06 | −.07 | −.10 | |||
Total R
2
| .20 | .27 | .22 | |||
Final model
| F (8,115) = 3.61*** | F (8,114) = 5.33*** | F (8,115) = 4.02*** |