Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-09-2021 | Original Paper

Parenting Alliance Inventory: Psychometric Properties and Invariance Among a Community and at-Risk Sample of Portuguese Parents

Auteurs: Cristina Nunes, Lara Ayala-Nunes, Cátia Martins, Pedro Pechorro, Laura I. Ferreira

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 12/2021

Abstract

The existing alliance between the two caregivers is a key dimension for understanding the family context, as it affects parental behavior and children’s development. The assessment of this construct becomes even more pressing in at-risk families, where the children’s well-being may be compromised and where the parental alliance may serve as a protective factor. The Parental Alliance Inventory (PAI) is a self-report measure that assesses the parental alliance and the relationship of support and trust that exists between both parents. In this study, we intended to explore the psychometric properties of PAI in the Portuguese population, including normative and at-risk families. Participants were community parents (n = 205, M = 38.38 years; 52.2% women) and parents of Child Welfare Services (CWS) referred children (n = 273, M = 37.05 years, 82.05% women). Both samples completed the PAI and measures of parenting sense of competence, parenting stress, and marital satisfaction. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the proposed original unidimensional structure of the PAI. The instrument showed good psychometric properties, presenting levels of internal consistency and a quite satisfactory reliability. Findings also showed that PAI was measurement invariant across the two subsamples. Our findings provide evidence for psychometric soundness of the PAI and support its usefulness for the European Portuguese context.

vorige artikel Associations between Paid Paternity Leave and Parental Mental Health Across the Transition to Parenthood: Evidence from a Repeated-Measure Study of First-Time Parents in California

volgende artikel Children’s Perspectives on Emotions Informing a Child-Reported Screening Instrument

Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting Stress Index (PSI) manual (3rd ed). Pediatric Psychology Press.

Abidin, R. R., & Brunner, J. F. (1995). Development of a parenting alliance inventory. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 24(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2401_4.CrossRef

Abidin, R. R., & Konold, T. R. (1999). Parenting alliance measure. Psychological Assessment Resources Inc.

Arendell, T. (2000). Conceiving and investigating motherhood: The decade’s scholarship. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4), 1192–1207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.01192.x.CrossRef

Ayala-Nunes, L., Nunes, C., & Lemos, I. (2014). Parenting alliance among mothers of psychosocially at-risk families. Spatial and Organizational Dynamics Discussion Papers, 13, 18–30. http://www.cieo.pt/discussionpapers/13/article2.pdf

Belsky, J., & Hsieh, K. H. (1998). Patterns of marital change during the early childhood years: Parent personality, coparenting, and division-of-labor correlates. Journal of Family Psychology, 12(4), 511–528. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.12.4.511.CrossRef

Bentler, P. M., & Wu, E. J. (2015). Supplement to EQS 6.3 for Windows User’s Guide. Multivariate Software.

Block, J. H., Block, J., & Morrison, A. (1981). Parental agreement-disagreement on child-rearing orientations and gender-related personality correlates in children. Child Development, 52(3), 965 https://doi.org/10.2307/1129101.CrossRef

Bonds, D. D., & Gondoli, D. M. (2007). Examining the process by which marital adjustment affects maternal warmth: The role of coparenting support as a mediator. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(2), 288–296. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.21.2.288.CrossRefPubMed

Bradbury, B., & Norris, K. (2005). Income and separation. Journal of Sociology, 41(4), 425–446. https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783305058480.CrossRef

Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford publications.

Byrne, B. M., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2017). The maximum likelihood alignment approach to testing for approximate measurement invariance: A paradigmatic cross-cultural application. Psicothema, 29(4), 539–551. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2017.178.CrossRefPubMed

Camisasca, E., Miragoli, S., Di Blasio, P., & Feinberg, M. (2019). Co-parenting mediates the influence of marital satisfaction on child adjustment: The conditional indirect effect by parental empathy. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(2), 519–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1271-5.CrossRef

Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling,, 9(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5.CrossRef

Delvecchio, E., Sciandra, A., Finos, L., Mazzeschi, C., & Di Riso, D. (2015). The role of co-parenting alliance as a mediator between trait anxiety, family system maladjustment, and parenting stress in a sample of non-clinical Italian parents. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01177.CrossRef

DiStefano, C. (2016). Examining fit with structural equation models. In K. Schweizer, & C. DiStefano (Eds.), Principles and methods of test construction: Standards and recent advances (pp. 166–193). Hogrefe Publishing.

Dorsey, S., Forehand, R., & Brody, G. (2007). Coparenting conflict and parenting behavior in economically disadvantaged single parent African American families: The role of maternal psychological distress. Journal of Family Violence, 22(7), 621–630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-007-9114-y.CrossRef

Dush, C. M. K., Kotila, L. E., & Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J. (2011). Predictors of supportive coparenting after relationship dissolution among at-risk parents. Journal of Family Psychology, 25(3), 356–365. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023652.CrossRef

Elliott, S., & Bowen, S. (2018). Defending motherhood: Morality, responsibility, and double binds in feeding children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 80(2), 499–520. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12465.CrossRef

Fagan, J. (2014). Adolescent parents’ partner conflict and parenting alliance, fathers’ prenatal involvement, and fathers’ engagement with Infants. Journal of Family Issues, 35(11), 1415–1439. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X13491411.CrossRef

Feinberg, M. E. (2003). The internal structure and ecological context of coparenting: A framework for research and intervention. Parenting, 3(2), 95–131. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327922PAR0302_01.CrossRefPubMed

Feinberg, M. E., & Kan, M. L. (2008). Establishing family foundations: Intervention effects on coparenting, parent/infant well-being, and parent-child relations. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(2), 253–263. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.22.2.253.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Floyd, F. J., & Zmich, D. E. (1991). Marriage and the parenting partnership: Perceptions and interactions of parents with mentally retarded and typically developing children. Child Development, 62(6), 1434–1448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01616.x.CrossRefPubMed

Floyd, F. J., Gilliom, L. A., & Costigan, C. L. (1998). Marriage and the parenting alliance: Longitudinal prediction of change in parenting perceptions and behaviors. Child Development, 69(5), 1461–1479. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06224.x.CrossRefPubMed

Fowers, B. J., & Olson, D. H. (1993). ENRICH marital satisfaction scale: A brief research and clinical tool. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(2), 176–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.7.2.176.CrossRef

Grych, J. H. (2002). Marital relationships and parenting. In: M. H. Bornstein (ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 4. Social conditions and applied parenting (2nd ed., pp. 203–225). Mahwah: Erlbaum.

Guendouzi, J. (2006). “The guilt thing”: Balancing domestic and professional roles. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(4), 901–909. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00303.x.CrossRef

Gunderson, J., & Barrett, A. E. (2017). Emotional cost of emotional support? The association between intensive mothering and psychological well-being in midlife. Journal of Family Issues, 38(7), 992–1009. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X15579502.CrossRef

Hurley, K. D., Huscroft-D’Angelo, J., Trout, A., Griffith, A., & Epstein, M. (2014). Assessing parenting skills and attitudes: A review of the psychometrics of parenting measures. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(5), 812–823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9733-2.CrossRef

Johnston, C., & Mash, E. J. (1989). A measure of parenting satisfaction and efficacy. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18(2), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp1802_8.CrossRef

Jones, D. J., Forehand, R., Dorsey, S., Foster, S., & Brody, G. (2005). Coparent support and conflict in African American single mother-headed families: Associations with maternal and child psychosocial functioning. Journal of Family Violence, 20(3), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-005-3650-0.CrossRef

Lamela, D., Castro, M., & Figueiredo, B. B. (2013). Parenting alliance measure: A Portuguese validation and development of a short-form version. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry, 40(6), 215–219. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832013000600002.CrossRef

Kitzmann, K. M. (2000). Effects of marital conflict on subsequent triadic family interactions and parenting. Developmental Psychology, 36(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.36.1.3.CrossRefPubMed

Konold, T. R., & Abidin, R. R. (2001). Parenting alliance: A multifactor perspective. Assessment, 8(1), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/107319110100800105.CrossRefPubMed

Kwan, R. W., Kwok, S. Y., & Ling, C. C. (2015). The moderating roles of parenting self-efficacy and co-parenting alliance on marital satisfaction among Chinese fathers and mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(12), 3506–3515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0152-4.CrossRef

Kwok, S. Y. C. L., Cheng, L., Chow, B. W. Y., & Ling, C. C. Y. (2015). The spillover effect of parenting on marital satisfaction among chinese mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(3), 772–783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9888-x.CrossRef

Marôco, J. (2014). Análise de equações estruturais [Structural equation analysis]. Report Number.

McBride, B. A., & Rane, T. R. (1998). Parenting alliance as a predictor of father involvement: An exploratory study. Family Relations, 47(3), 229 https://doi.org/10.2307/584971.CrossRef

McDaniel, B. T., Teti, D. M., & Feinberg, M. E. (2017). Assessing coparenting relationships in daily life: The daily coparenting scale (D-Cop). Journal of Child and family Studies, 26(9), 2396–2411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0762-0.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Merrifield, K. A., & Gamble, W. C. (2013). Associations among marital qualities, supportive and undermining coparenting, and parenting self-Efficacy: Testing spillover and stress-buffering processes. Journal of Family Issues, 34(4), 510–533. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X12445561.CrossRef

Mollà Cusí, L., Günther-Bel, C., Vilaregut Puigdesens, A., Campreciós Orriols, M., & Matalí Costa, J. L. (2020). Instruments for the Assessment of Coparenting: A Systematic Review. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 2487–2506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01769-3.CrossRef

Morrill, M. I., Hines, D. A., Mahmood, S., & Cordova, J. V. (2010). Pathways between marriage and parenting for wives and husbands: The role of coparenting. Family Process, 49(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2010.01308.x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Pasquali, L. (2017). Psicometria: teoria dos testes na psicologia e na educação [Psychometry: Theory of Tests in Psychology and Education]. Editora Vozes Limitada.

Pinheiro, M. D. (2013). Estudo preliminar de validação da escala de aliança parental [Preliminary validation study of the parenting alliance scale. Unpublished Master dissertation]. Universidade do Algarve.

PORTDATA (2021). Estatísticas de divórcios e separação de pessoas e bens [divorce statistics and separation of people and property]. https://www.pordata.pt/DB/Portugal/Ambiente+de+Consulta/Tabela.

Rodrigo, M. J., & Byrne, S. (2011). Social support and personal agency in at-risk mothers. Psychosocial Intervention, 20(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.5093/in2011v20n1a2.CrossRef

Rodrigo, M. J., Martín, J. C., Máiquez, M. L., & Rodríguez, G. (2007). Informal and formal supports and maternal child-rearing practices in at-risk and non at-risk psychosocial contexts. Children and Youth Services Review, 29(3), 329–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2006.03.010.CrossRef

Weissman, S., & Cohen, R. S. (1985). The parenting alliance and adolescence. Adolescent Psychiatry, 12, 24–45.PubMed

Titel: Parenting Alliance Inventory: Psychometric Properties and Invariance Among a Community and at-Risk Sample of Portuguese Parents
Auteurs: Cristina Nunes
Lara Ayala-Nunes
Cátia Martins
Pedro Pechorro
Laura I. Ferreira
Publicatiedatum: 01-09-2021
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 12/2021
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02080-5

Andere artikelen Uitgave 12/2021

Publisher Correction: Dimensions of Parenting Stress as Predictors: Vocabulary and Phonological Awareness Skills in Preschool

Publisher Correction

The Influence of Parenting on Bullying Prevention: Parenting as a Moderator of Adolescents’ Bullying Behaviors

Original Paper

Risk Factors, Promotive Factors, and Gainful Activity in a Sample of Youth Engaged in Delinquent Behaviors

Original Paper

Psychometric Properties of the Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale: Arabic Version

Original Paper

Early Adversities and Negative Affect in Young Adulthood: Does Family Income Matter?

Original Paper

Parenting Practices and Cognitive Development of Preschool-Aged Children: Evidence from Rural China

Original Paper