Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence 2/2017

05-11-2016 | Empirical Research

Parental Knowledge of Adolescents’ Online Content and Contact Risks

Auteurs: Katrien Symons, Koen Ponnet, Kathleen Emmery, Michel Walrave, Wannes Heirman

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 2/2017

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Parental knowledge about adolescents’ activities is an identified protective factor in terms of adolescent adjustment. While research on parental knowledge has focused on adolescents’ offline behavior, there is little empirical understanding of parental knowledge about adolescents’ online behavior. This study investigates parental knowledge about adolescents’ online activities and experiences with online risks, as well as the correlates of such knowledge. Building on former research, open communication and knowledge-generating monitoring practices are investigated as potential correlates of parental knowledge. Use is made of triadic data, relying on reports from children aged 13 to 18, mothers and fathers within the same family (N = 357 families; 54.9 % female adolescents). The results showed that parents have little knowledge about the occurrence of online risks and their children’s online activities. While mothers did not have more accurate knowledge compared to fathers, they did perceive themselves to be more knowledgeable than fathers. Associations between parental knowledge and hypothesized correlates were tested by means of one-way ANOVA tests and stepwise logistic regression models. Limited evidence was found for associations with parents’ accurate knowledge about the occurrence of online risks. Engagement in knowledge-generating monitoring practices was linked to mothers and fathers’ self-perceived knowledge about their children’s online activities. For mothers, open communication with the child was linked to self-perceived knowledge. The findings suggest that parents need to be more aware of the possibility that online risks might occur and that more research needs to be done in order to understand what parents can do to improve their accurate knowledge.
Literatuur
go back to reference Abar, C. C., Jackson, K. M., Colby, S. M., & Barnett, N. P. (2015). Parent-child discrepancies in reports of parental monitoring and their relationship to adolescent alcohol-related behaviors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44, 1688–1701.CrossRefPubMed Abar, C. C., Jackson, K. M., Colby, S. M., & Barnett, N. P. (2015). Parent-child discrepancies in reports of parental monitoring and their relationship to adolescent alcohol-related behaviors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44, 1688–1701.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ang, R. (2015). Adolescent cyberbullying: A review of characteristics, prevention and intervention strategies. Aggression and Violent Behavior, [published online]. Ang, R. (2015). Adolescent cyberbullying: A review of characteristics, prevention and intervention strategies. Aggression and Violent Behavior, [published online].
go back to reference Appel, M., Stiglbauer, B., Batinic, B., & Holtz, P. (2014). Internet use and verbal aggression: The moderating role of parents and peers. Computers in Human Behavior, 33, 235–241.CrossRef Appel, M., Stiglbauer, B., Batinic, B., & Holtz, P. (2014). Internet use and verbal aggression: The moderating role of parents and peers. Computers in Human Behavior, 33, 235–241.CrossRef
go back to reference Barnes, H. L., & Olson, D. H. (1985). Parent-adolescent communication and the circumplex model. Child Development, 56, 438–447.CrossRef Barnes, H. L., & Olson, D. H. (1985). Parent-adolescent communication and the circumplex model. Child Development, 56, 438–447.CrossRef
go back to reference Beckman, L., Hagquist, C., & Hellström, L. (2013). Discrepant gender patterns for cyberbullying and traditional bullying—An analysis of Swedish adolescent data. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 1896–1903.CrossRef Beckman, L., Hagquist, C., & Hellström, L. (2013). Discrepant gender patterns for cyberbullying and traditional bullying—An analysis of Swedish adolescent data. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 1896–1903.CrossRef
go back to reference Bègue, L., & Roché, S. (2005). Birth order and youth delinquent behavior testing the differential parental control hypothesis in a French representative sample. Psychology, Crime & Law, 11, 73–85.CrossRef Bègue, L., & Roché, S. (2005). Birth order and youth delinquent behavior testing the differential parental control hypothesis in a French representative sample. Psychology, Crime & Law, 11, 73–85.CrossRef
go back to reference Bumpus, M. F., & Rodgers, K. B. (2009). Parental knowledge and its sources. Examining the moderating roles of family structure and race. Journal of Family Issues, 30(10), 1356–1378.CrossRef Bumpus, M. F., & Rodgers, K. B. (2009). Parental knowledge and its sources. Examining the moderating roles of family structure and race. Journal of Family Issues, 30(10), 1356–1378.CrossRef
go back to reference Byrne, S., & Lee, T. (2011). Toward predicting youth resistance to internet risk prevention strategies. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 55, 90–113.CrossRef Byrne, S., & Lee, T. (2011). Toward predicting youth resistance to internet risk prevention strategies. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 55, 90–113.CrossRef
go back to reference Byrne, S., Katz, S. J., Lee, T., Linz, D., & McIlrath, M. (2014). Peers, predators, and porn: Predicting parental underestimation of children’s online risky experiences. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19, 215–231.CrossRef Byrne, S., Katz, S. J., Lee, T., Linz, D., & McIlrath, M. (2014). Peers, predators, and porn: Predicting parental underestimation of children’s online risky experiences. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19, 215–231.CrossRef
go back to reference Cerna, A., Machackova, H., & Dedkova, L. (2015). Whom to trust: The role of mediation and perceived harm in support seeking by cyberbullying victims. Children & Society, 30, 265–277.CrossRef Cerna, A., Machackova, H., & Dedkova, L. (2015). Whom to trust: The role of mediation and perceived harm in support seeking by cyberbullying victims. Children & Society, 30, 265–277.CrossRef
go back to reference Cho, C., & Cheon, H. J. (2005). Children’s exposure to negative internet content: Effects of family context. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49, 488–509.CrossRef Cho, C., & Cheon, H. J. (2005). Children’s exposure to negative internet content: Effects of family context. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49, 488–509.CrossRef
go back to reference Cottrell, L., Rishel, C., Lilly, C., Cottrell, S., Metzger, A., Ahmadi, H., Wang, B., Li, X., & Stanton, B. (2015). Do parents meet adolescents’ monitoring standards? Examination of the impact on teen risk disclosure and behaviors if they don’t. PLoS ONE, 10(5), e0125750. Cottrell, L., Rishel, C., Lilly, C., Cottrell, S., Metzger, A., Ahmadi, H., Wang, B., Li, X., & Stanton, B. (2015). Do parents meet adolescents’ monitoring standards? Examination of the impact on teen risk disclosure and behaviors if they don’t. PLoS ONE, 10(5),  e0125750.
go back to reference Criss, M. M., Lee, T. K., Sheffield Morris, A., Cui, L., Bosler, C. D., Shreffler, K. M., & Silk, J. S. (2015). Link between monitoring behavior and adolescent adjustment: An analysis of direct and indirect effects. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 668–678.CrossRefPubMed Criss, M. M., Lee, T. K., Sheffield Morris, A., Cui, L., Bosler, C. D., Shreffler, K. M., & Silk, J. S. (2015). Link between monitoring behavior and adolescent adjustment: An analysis of direct and indirect effects. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 668–678.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cross, C. P., Cyrenne, D. L. M., & Brown, G. R. (2013). Sex differences in sensation-seeking: A meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 3, doi: 10.1038/srep02486. Cross, C. P., Cyrenne, D. L. M., & Brown, G. R. (2013). Sex differences in sensation-seeking: A meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 3, doi: 10.​1038/​srep02486.
go back to reference Crouter, A. C., Bumpus, M. F., Davis, K. D., & McHale, S. M. (2005). How do parents learn about adolescents’ experiences? Implications for parental knowledge and adolescent risky behavior. Child Development, 76(4), 869–882.CrossRefPubMed Crouter, A. C., Bumpus, M. F., Davis, K. D., & McHale, S. M. (2005). How do parents learn about adolescents’ experiences? Implications for parental knowledge and adolescent risky behavior. Child Development, 76(4), 869–882.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dehue, F., Bolman, C., & Völlink, T. (2008). Cyberbullying: Youngsters’ experiences and parental perception. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11, 217–222.CrossRef Dehue, F., Bolman, C., & Völlink, T. (2008). Cyberbullying: Youngsters’ experiences and parental perception. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11, 217–222.CrossRef
go back to reference Dishion, T. J., & McMahon, R. J. (1998). Parental monitoring and the prevention of child and adolescent problem behavior: A conceptual and empirical formulation. Clinical Child and Family Psychology, 1, 61–75.CrossRef Dishion, T. J., & McMahon, R. J. (1998). Parental monitoring and the prevention of child and adolescent problem behavior: A conceptual and empirical formulation. Clinical Child and Family Psychology, 1, 61–75.CrossRef
go back to reference Hamm, M. P., Newton, A. S., Chisholm, A., Shulhan, J., Milne, A., Sundar, P., Ennis, H., Scott, S. D., & Hartling, L. (2015). Prevalence and effect of cyberbullying on children and young people. A scoping review of social media studies. Clinical Review and Education, 169(8), 770–777. Hamm, M. P., Newton, A. S., Chisholm, A., Shulhan, J., Milne, A., Sundar, P., Ennis, H., Scott, S. D., & Hartling, L. (2015). Prevalence and effect of cyberbullying on children and young people. A scoping review of social media studies. Clinical Review and Education, 169(8), 770–777.
go back to reference Jackson, S., Bijstra, J., Oostra, L., & Bosma, H. (1998). Adolescents’ perceptions of communication with parents relative to specific aspects of relationships with parents and personal development. Journal of Adolescence, 21, 305–322.CrossRefPubMed Jackson, S., Bijstra, J., Oostra, L., & Bosma, H. (1998). Adolescents’ perceptions of communication with parents relative to specific aspects of relationships with parents and personal development. Journal of Adolescence, 21, 305–322.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kalmijn, M., & Liefbroer, A. (2011). Nonresponse of secondary respondents in multi-actor surveys: Determinants, consequences, and possible remedies. Journal of Family Issues, 32, 735–766.CrossRef Kalmijn, M., & Liefbroer, A. (2011). Nonresponse of secondary respondents in multi-actor surveys: Determinants, consequences, and possible remedies. Journal of Family Issues, 32, 735–766.CrossRef
go back to reference Keijsers, L., Branje, S. J. T., VanderValk, I. E., & Meeus, W. (2010). Reciprocal effects between parental solicitation, parental control, adolescent disclosure, and adolescent delinquency. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20(1), 88–113.CrossRef Keijsers, L., Branje, S. J. T., VanderValk, I. E., & Meeus, W. (2010). Reciprocal effects between parental solicitation, parental control, adolescent disclosure, and adolescent delinquency. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20(1), 88–113.CrossRef
go back to reference Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2000). What parents know, how they know it, and several forms of adolescent adjustment: Further support for a reinterpretation of monitoring. Developmental Psychology, 36, 366–380.CrossRefPubMed Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2000). What parents know, how they know it, and several forms of adolescent adjustment: Further support for a reinterpretation of monitoring. Developmental Psychology, 36, 366–380.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Kerr, M., Stattin, H., & Burk, W. J. (2010). A reinterpretation of parental monitoring in longitudinal perspective. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 39–64.CrossRef Kerr, M., Stattin, H., & Burk, W. J. (2010). A reinterpretation of parental monitoring in longitudinal perspective. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 39–64.CrossRef
go back to reference Khurana, A., Bleakley, A., Jordan, A.B., & Romer, D. (2015). The protective effects of parental monitoring and internet restriction on adolescents' risk of online harassment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44, 1039–1047. Khurana, A., Bleakley, A., Jordan, A.B., & Romer, D. (2015). The protective effects of parental monitoring and internet restriction on adolescents' risk of online harassment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44, 1039–1047.
go back to reference Laird, R. D., Pettit, G. S., Dodge, K. A., & Bates, J. E. (2003). Change in parents’ monitoring knowledge: Links with parenting, relationship quality, adolescent beliefs, and antisocial behavior. Social Development, 12(3), 401–419.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Laird, R. D., Pettit, G. S., Dodge, K. A., & Bates, J. E. (2003). Change in parents’ monitoring knowledge: Links with parenting, relationship quality, adolescent beliefs, and antisocial behavior. Social Development, 12(3), 401–419.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Law, D. M., Shapka, J. D., & Olson, B. F. (2010). To control or not control? Parenting behaviours and adolescent online aggression. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 1651–1656.CrossRef Law, D. M., Shapka, J. D., & Olson, B. F. (2010). To control or not control? Parenting behaviours and adolescent online aggression. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 1651–1656.CrossRef
go back to reference Lee, S. J. (2012). Parental restrictive mediation of children’s internet use: Effective for what and for whom? New Media & Society, 15, 466–481.CrossRef Lee, S. J. (2012). Parental restrictive mediation of children’s internet use: Effective for what and for whom? New Media & Society, 15, 466–481.CrossRef
go back to reference Liau, A. K., Khoo, A., & Ang, P. H. (2005). Factors influencing adolescent engagement in risky internet behavior. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8, 513–520.CrossRef Liau, A. K., Khoo, A., & Ang, P. H. (2005). Factors influencing adolescent engagement in risky internet behavior. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8, 513–520.CrossRef
go back to reference Liau, A. K., Khoo, A., & Ang, P. H. (2008). Parental awareness and monitoring of adolescent internet use. Current Psychology, 27, 217–233.CrossRef Liau, A. K., Khoo, A., & Ang, P. H. (2008). Parental awareness and monitoring of adolescent internet use. Current Psychology, 27, 217–233.CrossRef
go back to reference Lippold, M. A., Greenberg, M. T., & Collins, L. M. (2013). Parental knowledge and youth risky behavior: A person oriented approach. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 1732–1744.CrossRefPubMed Lippold, M. A., Greenberg, M. T., & Collins, L. M. (2013). Parental knowledge and youth risky behavior: A person oriented approach. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 1732–1744.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lippold, M. A., Greenberg, M. T., Graham, J. W., & Feinberg, M. E. (2014a). Unpacking the effect of parental monitoring on early adolescent problem behavior: Mediation by parental knowledge and moderation by parent-youth warmth. Journal of Family Issues, 35, 1800–1823.CrossRefPubMed Lippold, M. A., Greenberg, M. T., Graham, J. W., & Feinberg, M. E. (2014a). Unpacking the effect of parental monitoring on early adolescent problem behavior: Mediation by parental knowledge and moderation by parent-youth warmth. Journal of Family Issues, 35, 1800–1823.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lippold, M. A., Coffman, D. L., & Greenberg, M. T. (2014b). Investigating the potential causal relationship between parental knowledge and youth risky behavior: A propensity score analysis. Prevention Science, 15, 869–878.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lippold, M. A., Coffman, D. L., & Greenberg, M. T. (2014b). Investigating the potential causal relationship between parental knowledge and youth risky behavior: A propensity score analysis. Prevention Science, 15, 869–878.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Livingstone, S. (2010). From family television to bedroom culture: Young people’s media at home. In E. Devereux (Ed.). Media studies: Key issues and debates (pp. 302–321). London: Sage. Livingstone, S. (2010). From family television to bedroom culture: Young people’s media at home. In E. Devereux (Ed.). Media studies: Key issues and debates (pp. 302–321). London: Sage.
go back to reference Livingstone, S., & Bober, M. (2004). UK children go online: surveying the experiences of young people and their parents. London: LSE Research Online. [online]. Livingstone, S., & Bober, M. (2004). UK children go online: surveying the experiences of young people and their parents. London: LSE Research Online. [online].
go back to reference Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., & Ólafsson, K. (2011). Technical report and user guide: The 2010 EU kids online survey. LSE, London: EU Kids Online. Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., & Ólafsson, K. (2011). Technical report and user guide: The 2010 EU kids online survey. LSE, London: EU Kids Online.
go back to reference Livingstone, S., & Haddon, L. (2008). Risky experiences for children online: Charting European research on children and the internet. Children & Society, 22, 314–323.CrossRef Livingstone, S., & Haddon, L. (2008). Risky experiences for children online: Charting European research on children and the internet. Children & Society, 22, 314–323.CrossRef
go back to reference Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. (2008). Parental mediation of children’s Internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52, 581–599.CrossRef Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. (2008). Parental mediation of children’s Internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52, 581–599.CrossRef
go back to reference Livingstone, S., & Smith, P. K. (2014). Annual research review: Harm experienced by child users of online and mobile technologies: The nature, prevalence and management of sexual and aggressive risks in the digital age. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55, 635–654.CrossRefPubMed Livingstone, S., & Smith, P. K. (2014). Annual research review: Harm experienced by child users of online and mobile technologies: The nature, prevalence and management of sexual and aggressive risks in the digital age. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55, 635–654.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Mascheroni, G., & Ólafsson, K. (2013). Net children go mobile: Risks and opportunities. Milano: Educatt. Mascheroni, G., & Ólafsson, K. (2013). Net children go mobile: Risks and opportunities. Milano: Educatt.
go back to reference Matsunaga, M. (2009). Parents don’t (always) know their children have been bullied: Child-parent discrepancy on bullying and family-level profile of communication standards. Human Communication Research, 35, 221–247.CrossRef Matsunaga, M. (2009). Parents don’t (always) know their children have been bullied: Child-parent discrepancy on bullying and family-level profile of communication standards. Human Communication Research, 35, 221–247.CrossRef
go back to reference Mc-Crum-Gardner, E. (2008). Which is the correct statistical test to use?. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 46(1), 38–41.CrossRef Mc-Crum-Gardner, E. (2008). Which is the correct statistical test to use?. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 46(1), 38–41.CrossRef
go back to reference Mesch, G. S. (2006). Family characteristics and intergenerational conflicts over the internet. Information, Communication & Society, 9(4), 473–795.CrossRef Mesch, G. S. (2006). Family characteristics and intergenerational conflicts over the internet. Information, Communication & Society, 9(4), 473–795.CrossRef
go back to reference Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2015). Mplus User's Guide. Seventh edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2015). Mplus User's Guide. Seventh edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
go back to reference Navarro, J. N., & Jasinski, J. L. (2012). Going cyber: Using routine activities theory to predict cyberbullying experiences. Sociological Spectrum, 32, 81–94.CrossRef Navarro, J. N., & Jasinski, J. L. (2012). Going cyber: Using routine activities theory to predict cyberbullying experiences. Sociological Spectrum, 32, 81–94.CrossRef
go back to reference Navarro, R., Serna, C., Martínez, V., & Ruiz-Oliva, R. (2013). The role of internet use and parental mediation on cyberbullying victimization among Spanish children from rural public schools. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28, 725–745.CrossRef Navarro, R., Serna, C., Martínez, V., & Ruiz-Oliva, R. (2013). The role of internet use and parental mediation on cyberbullying victimization among Spanish children from rural public schools. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28, 725–745.CrossRef
go back to reference Notten, N., & Kraaykamp, G. (2009). Parents and the media. A study of social differentiation in parental media socialization. Poetics, 37, 185–200.CrossRef Notten, N., & Kraaykamp, G. (2009). Parents and the media. A study of social differentiation in parental media socialization. Poetics, 37, 185–200.CrossRef
go back to reference Özdemir, Y. (2014). Cyber victimization and adolescent self-esteem: The role of communication with parents. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 17, 255–263.CrossRef Özdemir, Y. (2014). Cyber victimization and adolescent self-esteem: The role of communication with parents. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 17, 255–263.CrossRef
go back to reference Ponnet, K. (2014). Financial stress, parent functioning and adolescent problem behavior: An actor-partner interdependence approach to family stress processes in low-, middle-, and high-income families. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 1752–1769.CrossRefPubMed Ponnet, K. (2014). Financial stress, parent functioning and adolescent problem behavior: An actor-partner interdependence approach to family stress processes in low-, middle-, and high-income families. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 1752–1769.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ponnet, K., & Wouters, E. (2014). Stress and mental health in families with different income levels: A strategy to collect multi-actor data. JMIR Research Protocols, 3(1), e1.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ponnet, K., & Wouters, E. (2014). Stress and mental health in families with different income levels: A strategy to collect multi-actor data. JMIR Research Protocols, 3(1), e1.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Ponnet, K., Wouters, E., Mortelmans, D., Pasteels, I., De Backer, C., Van Leeuwen, K., & Van Hiel, A. (2013). The influence of mothers’ and fathers’ parenting stress and depressive symptoms on own and partner’s parent-child communication. Family Process, 52, 312–324.CrossRefPubMed Ponnet, K., Wouters, E., Mortelmans, D., Pasteels, I., De Backer, C., Van Leeuwen, K., & Van Hiel, A. (2013). The influence of mothers’ and fathers’ parenting stress and depressive symptoms on own and partner’s parent-child communication. Family Process, 52, 312–324.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Racz, S. J., & McMahon, R. J. (2011). The relationship between parental knowledge and monitoring and child and adolescent conduct problems: A 10-year update. Clinical Child & Family Psychology Review, 14, 377–398.CrossRef Racz, S. J., & McMahon, R. J. (2011). The relationship between parental knowledge and monitoring and child and adolescent conduct problems: A 10-year update. Clinical Child & Family Psychology Review, 14, 377–398.CrossRef
go back to reference Sabina, C., Wolak, J., & Finkelhor, D. (2008). The nature and dynamics of internet pornography exposure for youth. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 11, 691–693. Sabina, C., Wolak, J., & Finkelhor, D. (2008). The nature and dynamics of internet pornography exposure for youth. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 11, 691–693.
go back to reference Scarcelli, C. M. (2015). ‘It is disgusting, but…’: adolescent girls’ relationship to internet pornography as gender performance. Porn Studies, 2(2-3), 237–249.CrossRef Scarcelli, C. M. (2015). ‘It is disgusting, but…’: adolescent girls’ relationship to internet pornography as gender performance. Porn Studies, 2(2-3), 237–249.CrossRef
go back to reference Ševčíková, A., & Daneback, K. (2014). Online pornography use in adolescence: Age and gender differences. European Jounral of Developmental Psychology, 11(6), 674–686.CrossRef Ševčíková, A., & Daneback, K. (2014). Online pornography use in adolescence: Age and gender differences. European Jounral of Developmental Psychology, 11(6), 674–686.CrossRef
go back to reference Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Luyckx, K., & Goossens, L. (2006). Parenting and adolescent problem behavior: An integrated model with adolescent self-disclosure and perceived parental knowledge as intervening variables. Developmental Psychology, 42, 305–318.CrossRefPubMed Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Luyckx, K., & Goossens, L. (2006). Parenting and adolescent problem behavior: An integrated model with adolescent self-disclosure and perceived parental knowledge as intervening variables. Developmental Psychology, 42, 305–318.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Sonck, N., Nikken, P., & de Haan, J. (2013). Determinants of internet mediation. Journal of Children and Media, 7, 96–113.CrossRef Sonck, N., Nikken, P., & de Haan, J. (2013). Determinants of internet mediation. Journal of Children and Media, 7, 96–113.CrossRef
go back to reference Sorbring, E. (2014). Parents’ concerns about their teenage children’s internet use. Journal of Family Issues, 35(1), 75–96.CrossRef Sorbring, E. (2014). Parents’ concerns about their teenage children’s internet use. Journal of Family Issues, 35(1), 75–96.CrossRef
go back to reference Stanton, B. F., Li, X., Galbraith, J., Cornick, G., Feigelman, S., Kaljee, L., & Zhou, Y. (2000). Parental underestimation of adolescent risk behavior: A randomized, controlled trial of a parental monitoring intervention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 26, 18–26.CrossRefPubMed Stanton, B. F., Li, X., Galbraith, J., Cornick, G., Feigelman, S., Kaljee, L., & Zhou, Y. (2000). Parental underestimation of adolescent risk behavior: A randomized, controlled trial of a parental monitoring intervention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 26, 18–26.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Stattin, H., & Kerr, M. (2000). Parental monitoring: A reinterpretation. Child Development, 71, 1072–1085.CrossRefPubMed Stattin, H., & Kerr, M. (2000). Parental monitoring: A reinterpretation. Child Development, 71, 1072–1085.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Tasker, F. (2010). Same-sex parenting and child development: Reviewing the contribution of parental gender. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 35–40.CrossRef Tasker, F. (2010). Same-sex parenting and child development: Reviewing the contribution of parental gender. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 35–40.CrossRef
go back to reference Tokunaga, R. S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 277–287.CrossRef Tokunaga, R. S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 277–287.CrossRef
go back to reference Valcke, M., Bonte, S., De Wever, B., & Rots, I. (2010). Internet parenting styles and the impact on Internet use of primary school children. Computers & Education, 55, 454–464.CrossRef Valcke, M., Bonte, S., De Wever, B., & Rots, I. (2010). Internet parenting styles and the impact on Internet use of primary school children. Computers & Education, 55, 454–464.CrossRef
go back to reference Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2011). Online communication among adolescents: An integrated model of its attraction, opportunities, and risks. Journal of Adolescent Health, 48, 121–127.CrossRefPubMed Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2011). Online communication among adolescents: An integrated model of its attraction, opportunities, and risks. Journal of Adolescent Health, 48, 121–127.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Valkenburg, P. M., Taylor Piotrowski, J., Hermanns, J., & de Leeuw, R. (2013). Developing and validating the perceived parental media mediation scale: A self-determination perspective. Human Communication Research, 39, 445–469.CrossRef Valkenburg, P. M., Taylor Piotrowski, J., Hermanns, J., & de Leeuw, R. (2013). Developing and validating the perceived parental media mediation scale: A self-determination perspective. Human Communication Research, 39, 445–469.CrossRef
go back to reference Vandenbosch, L., & Peter, J. (2016). Antecedents of the initiation of watching sexually explicit internet material: A longitudinal study among adolescents. Mass Communication and Society, 19, 499–521.CrossRef Vandenbosch, L., & Peter, J. (2016). Antecedents of the initiation of watching sexually explicit internet material: A longitudinal study among adolescents. Mass Communication and Society, 19, 499–521.CrossRef
go back to reference Wang, R., Bianchi, S. M., & Raley, S. B. (2005). Teenagers’ internet use and family rules: A research note. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67, 1249–1258.CrossRef Wang, R., Bianchi, S. M., & Raley, S. B. (2005). Teenagers’ internet use and family rules: A research note. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67, 1249–1258.CrossRef
go back to reference Williams, A. L., & Merten, M. J. (2011). iFamily: Internet and social media technology in the family context. Family & Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 40(2), 150–170.CrossRef Williams, A. L., & Merten, M. J. (2011). iFamily: Internet and social media technology in the family context. Family & Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 40(2), 150–170.CrossRef
go back to reference Ybarra, M. L., Diener-West, M., Markow, D., Leaf, P. J., Hamburger, M., & Boxer, P. (2008). Linkages between internet and other media violence with seriously violent behavior by youth. Pediatrics, 122(5), 929–937.CrossRefPubMed Ybarra, M. L., Diener-West, M., Markow, D., Leaf, P. J., Hamburger, M., & Boxer, P. (2008). Linkages between internet and other media violence with seriously violent behavior by youth. Pediatrics, 122(5), 929–937.CrossRefPubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
Parental Knowledge of Adolescents’ Online Content and Contact Risks
Auteurs
Katrien Symons
Koen Ponnet
Kathleen Emmery
Michel Walrave
Wannes Heirman
Publicatiedatum
05-11-2016
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 2/2017
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0599-7

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2017

Journal of Youth and Adolescence 2/2017 Naar de uitgave