Top

Gepubliceerd in:

18-07-2017 | Original Paper

Parental Distress Tolerance in Three Periods of Child Development: The Moderating Role of Child Temperament

Auteurs: Alexandra E. Morford, Jeffrey T. Cookston, Melissa J. Hagan

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 12/2017

Abstract

Emotion regulation (ER) is essential to everyday, normative functioning. One aspect of ER is distress tolerance—the ability to persist in goal-directed activities when experiencing aversive states. Despite an assumption that ER improves with age, very little is known about ER across parenthood. Emotion regulation may be taxed by parenthood with implications for negativity in the family environment. The purpose of the current study was to describe levels of distress tolerance across periods of parenthood and to evaluate child temperament as a moderator of the relationship between child’s age and parents’ distress tolerance. A total of 602 parents (66.3% female, M _age = 32.31 years, SD = 7.07) whose eldest child belonged to one of three developmental periods (i.e., infancy, n = 187; early childhood, n = 214; late childhood, n = 201) completed an online survey. While we found no evidence for a main effect of child’s age on parent distress tolerance, children’s negative affectivity moderated the association between period of parenthood and parent distress tolerance. Specifically, children who were higher in negative affectivity had parents who reported less distress tolerance between the developmental periods. The implications of the current study are discussed in the context of current and future research on emotional regulation among parents.

vorige artikel Generalizability in the Mediation Effects of Parental Expectations on Children’s Cognitive Ability and Self-concept

volgende artikel Perceived Conflict Styles of Adult Children and their Parents: What Is the Connection?

Amstadter, A. B., Daughters, S. B., Macpherson, L., Reynolds, E. K., Danielson, C. K., Wang, F., & Lejuez, C. W. (2011). Genetic association with performance on a behavioral measure of distress intolerance. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(1), 87–94.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Anestis, M. D., Selby, E., Fink, E., & Joiner, T. (2007). The multifaceted role of distress tolerance in dysregulated eating behaviors. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40(8), 718–726.CrossRefPubMed

Antonucci, T. C., & Mikus, K. (1988). The power of parenthood: Personality and attitudinal changes during the transition to parenthood. In G. Y. Michaels & W. A. Goldberg (Eds.), The transition to parenthood: Current theory and research (pp. 62–84). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Berinsky, A. J., Huber, G. A., Lenz, G. S. (2012). Evaluating online labor markets for experimental research: Amazon.com’s mechanical turk. Political Analysis, 20, 351–368. doi:10.1093/pan/mpr057.CrossRef

Blair, K. A., Denham, S. A., Kochanoff, A., & Whipple, B. (2004). Playing it cool: Temperament, emotion regulation, and social behavior in preschoolers. Journal of School Psychology, 42(6), 419–443.CrossRef

Blanchard-Fields, F. (2007). Everyday problem solving and emotion: An adult developmental perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(1), 26–31.CrossRef

Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. (2011). Amazon’s mechanical turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 3–5.CrossRefPubMed

Casler, K., Bickel, L., & Hackett, E. (2013). Separate but equal? A comparison of participants and data gathered via Amazon’s MTurk, social media, and face-to-face behavioral testing. Journal of Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2156–2160.CrossRef

Claxton, A., & Perry-Jenkins, M. (2008). No fun anymore: Leisure and marital quality across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(1), 28–43.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Cohen, J. (1994). The earth is round (p<.05). American Psychologist, 49, 997–1003.CrossRef

Cowan, C. P., Cowan, P. A., Heming, G., & Miller, N. B. (1991). Becoming a family: Marriage, parenting, and child development. In P. A. Cowan & E. M. Hetherington (Eds.), Family transitions (pp. 79–109). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Cummings, J. R., Bornovalova, M. A., Ojanen, T., Hunt, E., MacPherson, L., & Lejuez, C. (2013). Time doesn’t change everything: The longitudinal course of distress tolerance and its relationship with externalizing and internalizing symptoms during early adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(5), 735–748.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Daughters, S. B., Gorka, S. M., Rutherford, H., & Mayes, L. C. (2014). Maternal and adolescent distress tolerance: The moderating role of gender. Emotion, 14(2), 416–424.CrossRefPubMed

Daughters, S. B., Lejuez, C. W., Bornovalova, M. A., Kahler, C. W., Strong, D. R., & Brown, R. A. (2005). Distress tolerance as a predictor of early treatment dropout in a residential substance abuse treatment facility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(4), 729–734.CrossRefPubMed

Daughters, S. B., Reynolds, E. K., MacPherson, L., Kahler, C. W., Danielson, C. K., Zvolensky, M., & Lejuez, C. W. (2008). Distress tolerance and early adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms: The moderating role of gender and ethnicity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(3), 198–205.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Daughters, S. B., Stacey, B., Gorka, S. M., Rutherford, H. J., & Mayes, L. C. (2014). Maternal and adolescent distress tolerance: The moderating role of gender. Emotion, 14(2), 416–424.CrossRefPubMed

Deater-Deckard, K., Mullineaux, P. Y., Petrill, S. A., & Thompson, L. A. (2009). Effortful control, surgency, and reading skills in middle childhood. Reading and Writing, 22(1), 107–116.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Guthrie, I. K., & Reiser, M. (2000). Dispositional emotionality and regulation: Their role in predicting quality of social functioning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(1), 136–157.CrossRefPubMed

Evans, D. E., & Rothbart, M. K. (2007). Developing a model for adult temperament. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 868–888.CrossRef

Fahs, P. S., Morgan, L. L., Kalman, M. (2003). A call for replication. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 35, 67–72.CrossRefPubMed

Huff, C., & Tingley, D. (2015). “Who are these people?” Evaluating the demographic characteristics and political preferences of MTurk survey respondents. Research and Politics, July–September (1), 1–12.

Garofalo, C., & Velotti, P. (2014). Alcohol misuse in psychiatric patients and nonclinical individuals: The role of emotion dysregulation and impulsivity. Addiction Research & Theory, 23(4), 294–300.CrossRef

Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41–54.CrossRef

Gross, J. J., Carstensen, L. L., Pasupathi, M., Tsai, J., Skorpen, C. G., & Hsu, A. Y. C. (1997). Emotion and aging: Experience, expression, and control. Psychology and Aging, 12(4), 590–599.CrossRefPubMed

Hayes, A. F. (2012). PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling [White paper]. http://www.afhayes.com/ public/process2012.pdf

Lejuez, C. W., Kahler, C. W., & Brown, R. A. (2003). A modified computer version of the paced auditory serial addition task (PASAT) as a laboratory-based stressor. The Behavior Therapist, 26, 290–293.

Leyro, T. M., Zvolensky, & M. J., Bernstein, A. (2010). Distress tolerance and psychopathological symptoms and disorders: A review of the empirical literature among adults. Psychological Bulletin, 136(1), 576–600.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Manzi, C., Vignoles, & V. L., Regalia, C. (2009). Accomodating a new identity: Possible selves, identity change and well-being across two life-transitions. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40(6), 970–984.CrossRef

Mullineaux, P. Y., Deater-Deckard, K., Petrill, S. A., Thompson, L. A., & DeThorne, L. S. (2009). Temperament in middle childhood: A behavioral genetic analysis of fathers’ and mothers’ reports. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(5), 737–746.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Nelson, J. A., O’Brien, M., Blankson, A. N., Calkins, S. D., & Keane, S. P. (2009). Family stress and parental responses to children’s negative emotions: Tests of the spillover, crossover, and compensatory hypotheses. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(5), 671–679.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Nock, M. K., & Mendes, W. B. (2008). Physiological arousal, distress tolerance, and social problem-solving deficits among adolescent self injurers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(1), 28–28.CrossRefPubMed

Oldehinkel, A. J., Veenstra, R., Ormel, J., deWinter, A. F., & Verhulst, F. C. (2006). Temperament, parenting, and depressive symptoms in a population sample of preadolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(7), 684–695.CrossRefPubMed

Olson, S. L., Sameroff, A. J., Kerr, D. C., Lopez, N. L., & Wellman, H. M. (2005). Developmental foundations of externalizing problems in young children: The role of effortful control. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 25–45.CrossRefPubMed

Power, T. G. (2004). Stress and coping in childhood: The parents’ role. Parenting: Science and Practice, 4(4), 271–317.CrossRef

Putnam, S. P., Gartstein, M. A., & Rothbart, M. K. (2006). Measurement of fine-grained aspects of toddler temperament: The early childhood behavior questionnaire. Infant Behavior and Development, 29(3), 386–401.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Putnam, S. P., Helbig, A. L., Garststein, M. A., Rothbart, M. K., & Leerkes, E. (2014). Development and assessment of short and very short forms of the infant behavior questionaire-revised. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96(4), 445–458.CrossRefPubMed

Putnam, S. P., & Rothbart, M. K. (2006). Development of short and very short forms of the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87(1), 103–113.CrossRef

Richards, J. M., & Gross, J. J. (2000). Emotion regulation and memory: The cognitive costs of keeping one’s cool. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(3), 410–424.CrossRefPubMed

Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A., Hershey, K. L., & Fisher, P. (2001). Investigations of temperament at three to seven years: The children’s behavior questionnaire. Child Development, 72(5), 1394–1408.CrossRefPubMed

Rothbart, M. K., & Bates, J. E. (2006). Temperament. In W. Damon, R. Lerner & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (6th ed., pp. 99–166). New York, NY: Wiley.

Rutherford, H. J. V., Booth, C. R., Luyten, P., Bridgett, D. J., & Mayes, L. C. (2015). Investigating the association between parental reflective functioning and distress tolerance in motherhood. Infant Behavior & Development, 40, 54–56.CrossRef

Rutherford, H. J. V., Wallace, N. S., Laurent, H. K., & Mayes, L. C. (2015). Emotion regulation in parenthood. Developmental Review, 36, 1–14.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Salsman, N. L., & Linehan, M. M. (2012). An investigation of the relationships among negative affect, difficulties in emotion regulation, and features of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34(2), 260–267.CrossRef

Sanson, A., Hemphill, S. A., & Smart, D. (2004). Connections between temperament and social development. Social Development, 13, 142–170.CrossRef

Scheibe, S., & Blanchard-Fields, F. (2009). Effects of regulating emotions on cognitive performance: What is costly for young adults is not so costly for older adults. Psychology and Aging, 24(1), 217–223.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Scheibe, S., & Carstensen, L. (2010). Emotional aging: Recent findings and future trends. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 65b(2), 135–144.CrossRef

Schulz, M. S., Cowan, C. P., & Cowan, P. A. (2006). Promoting healthy beginnings: A randomized controlled trial of a preventive intervention to preserve marital quality during the transition to parenthood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(1), 20–31.CrossRefPubMed

Scott, W. D., & Cervone, D. (2002). The impact of negative affect on performance standards: Evidence for an affect-as-information mechanism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26(1), 19–37.CrossRef

Simons, J. S., & Gaher, R. M. (2005). The distress tolerance scale: Development and validation of a self-report measure. Motivation and Emotion, 29(2), 83–102.CrossRef

Strong, D. R., Lejuez, C. W., Daughters, S., Marinello, M., Kahler, C. W., & Brown, R. A. (2003). The computerized mirror-tracing task, version 1. Unpublished Manual. Available from http://www.addiction.umd.edu/downloads.htm

Thomas, A., & Chess, S. (1997). Temperament and development. New York, NY: Brunner/Mazel.

Wang, R., & Ware, J. H. (2013). Detecting moderator effects using subgroup analyses. Prevention Science, 14, 111–120.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wrzus, C., Hanel, M., Wagner, J., & Neyer, F. J. (2013). Social network changes and life events across the life span: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 53–80.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Parental Distress Tolerance in Three Periods of Child Development: The Moderating Role of Child Temperament
Auteurs: Alexandra E. Morford
Jeffrey T. Cookston
Melissa J. Hagan
Publicatiedatum: 18-07-2017
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 12/2017
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0838-x

Andere artikelen Uitgave 12/2017

Effect of Child Gender on the Bidirectional Relationships between Parental Monitoring and Delinquent Behavior

Original Paper

Gender Differences in Single Parents’ Living Arrangements and Child Care Time

Original Paper

Generalizability in the Mediation Effects of Parental Expectations on Children’s Cognitive Ability and Self-concept

Original Paper

Caregivers of School-aged Children with Autism: Social Media as a Source of Support

Original Paper

Community Disadvantage and Academic Achievement among Hispanic Adolescents: The Role of Familism

Original Paper

Mothers’ Experiences of Parent-Reported and Video-Recorded Observational Assessments

Original Paper