Top

Gepubliceerd in:

25-11-2016 | Original Paper

Parental Attachment and Body Satisfaction in Adolescents

Auteurs: Tamás Dömötör Szalai, Edit Czeglédi, András Vargha, Ferenc Grezsa

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 4/2017

Abstract

Insecure attachment can contribute to various psychological problems including body dissatisfaction. It is not clarified which attachment quality, anxiety or avoidance predict lower body satisfaction, and the relationship of maternal and paternal patterns has not been distinguished yet. Our aim was to test these aspects in adolescents. Participants of the large cross-sectional survey were Hungarian children and adolescents (N = 5214, 51.6 % boys, mean age 14.8 years, SD = 2.6 years). Measures included self-reported body weight and height data, body satisfaction scale, the Experience in Close Relationships Scale—Relationship Structures, and the Child Depression Inventory. Boys had significantly higher body satisfaction, and worse maternal attachment than girls, who showed worse paternal attachment and higher depression. Higher paternal anxiety and avoidance, and maternal avoidance predicted lower body satisfaction in both genders adjusted for age and BMI (R ² = 6.1–12.5 %). Depression fully mediated the relationship between dysfunctional maternal attachment and lower body satisfaction in both genders, between dysfunctional paternal attachment and lower body satisfaction in girls, while only partially mediated between dysfunctional paternal attachment and lower body satisfaction in boys. Dysfunctional parental attachment was associated with adolescents’ lower body dissatisfaction, mediated by the level of depression. The importance of paternal attachment was highlighted in boys’ body concerns. Results suggest that handling negative moods, parental anxiety and avoidance may be useful in the case conceptualizations and treatments related to adolescents’ body dissatisfaction that requires further assessment.

vorige artikel Can Self-Reassurance Buffer against the Impact of Bullying? Effects on Body Shame and Disordered Eating in Adolescence

volgende artikel School-Aged Children’s Attachment Dismissal Prospectively Predicts Divergence of Their Behavioral and Self-Reported Anxiety

Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1985). Attachment across the lifespan. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 61(9), 792–812.PubMedPubMedCentral

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders—Fifth edition. DSM-V. Arlington, TX: American Psychiatric.CrossRef

Bowlby, J. (1977). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130(3), 201–210.CrossRefPubMed

Bucchianeri, M. M., Arikian, A. J., Hannan, P. J., Eisenberg, M. E., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2013). Body dissatisfaction from adolescence to young adulthood: Findings from a 10-year longitudinal study. Body Image, 10(1), 1–7.CrossRefPubMed

Buist, K. L., Dekovic, M., Meeus, W., & van Aken, M. A. G. (2002). Developmental patterns in adolescent attachment to mother, father and sibling. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31(3), 167–176.CrossRef

Caldwell, C. H., Wright, J. C., Zimmerman, M. A., Walsemann, K. M., Williams, D., & Isichei, P. A. C. (2004). Enhancing adolescent health behaviors through strengthening non-resident father-son relationships: A model for intervention with African American families. Health Education Research, 19(6), 644–656.CrossRefPubMed

Cash, T. F., Thériault, J., & Annis, N. M. (2004). Body image in an interpersonal context: Adult attachment, fear of intimacy and social anxiety. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(1), 89–103.CrossRef

Cheng, H. L., & Mallinckrodt, B. (2009). Parental bonds, anxious attachment, media internalization, and body image dissatisfaction: Exploring a mediation model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(3), 365–375.CrossRef

Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159.CrossRefPubMed

Cooper, M. L., Shaver, P. R., & Collins, N. L. (1998). Attachment styles, emotion regulation, and adjustment in adolescence.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1380–1397.

Corson, P. W., & Andersen, A. E. (2002). Body image issues among boys and men. In T. F. Cash, T. Pruzinsky (Eds.), Body image: A handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice (pp. 192–199). New York, NY: The Guilford.

Diamond, L. M., & Hiks, A. M. (2005). Attachment style, current relationship security, and negative emotions: The role of physiological regulation. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22(4), 499–518.CrossRef

Duchesne, A. P., Dion, J., Landale, D., Bégin, C., Édmond, C., Landale, G., & McDuff, P. (2016). Body dissatisfaction and psychological distress in adolescents: Is self-esteem a mediator? Journal of Health Psychology. doi:10.1177/1359105316631196.PubMed

Elgin, J., & Pritchard, M. (2006). Adult attachment and disordered eating in undergraduate men and woman. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 21(2), 25–40.CrossRef

Erikson, E. (1968). ). Identity, youth and crisis. New York, NY: Norton.

Finch, A. J., Saylor, C. F., Edwards, G. L., & McIntosh, J. A. (1987). Children’s depression inventory: Reliability over repeated administrations. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 16(4), 339–341.CrossRef

Fraley, R. C., Heffernan, M. E., Vicary, A. M., & Brumbaugh, C. C. (2011). The experiences in close relationships-relationship structures questionnaire: A method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships. Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 615–625.CrossRefPubMed

Freeman, H., & Brown, B. B. (2001). Primary attachment to parents and peers during adolescence: Differences by attachment style. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(6), 653–674.CrossRef

Friedman, M. A., & Brownell, K. D. (1995). Psychological correlates of obesity: Moving to the next research generation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(1), 3–20.CrossRefPubMed

Frisén, A., Lunde, C., & Kleiberg, A. N. (2013). Body esteem in Swedish children and adolescents: Relationships with gender, age, and weight status. Nordic Psychology, 65(1), 65–80.CrossRef

Grezsa, F., Mirnics, Zs, Vargha, A., Kövi, Zs, Rózsa, S., Vass, Z., & Koós, T. (2015). Iskolás- és serdülőkorúak droghasználata: kockázati és védő faktorok egy reprezentatív vizsgálat tükrében. [Risk and protective factors of drug use in schoolchildren and adolescents: Results of a representative study.] Journal of Mental Health and Psychosomatics, 16(4), 279–329.

Griffin, D., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). Models of the self and others: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personal Social Psychology, 67(3), 430–445.CrossRef

Grogan, S. (2007). Body image: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women and children. New York, NY: Routledge.

Hardit, S. K., & Hannum, J. W. (2012). Attachment, the tripartite influence model, and the development of body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 9(4), 469–475.CrossRefPubMed

Holsen, I., Kraft, P., & Roysamb, E. (2001). The relationship between body image and depressed mood in adolescence: A 5-year longitudinal panel study. Journal of Health Psychology, 6(6), 613–627.CrossRefPubMed

IBM Corporation. (2013). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk. New York, NY: IBM Corporation.

Jantek, Gy., & Vargha, A. (2012). A Magyar ECR-RS kötődési kérdőív adaptációja párkapcsolatban élő felnőtteken. [The adaptation of the Hungarian version of the ECR-RS attachment questionnaire with adults in relationship.] In A. Vargha (Eds.), Conference book of the XXI. congress of the Hungarian Psychological Association. Hungary: Szombathely.

Jones, D. C. (2001). Social comparison and body image: Attractiveness comparisons to models and peers among adolescent girls and boys. Sex Roles, 45(9–10), 645–664.CrossRef

Keating, L., Tasca, G. A., & Hill, R. (2013). Structural relationships among attachment insecurity, alexithymia, and body esteem in women with eating disorders. Eating Behaviour, 14(3), 366–373.CrossRef

Kostanski, M., & Gullon, E. (1998). Adolescent body image dissatisfaction: Relationship with self-esteem, anxiety, and depression, controlling for body-mass. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 93(2), 255–262.CrossRef

Kovács, M. (2004). ). The children’s depression inventory manual. Toronto, ON: Multi-Health Systems Inc.

Lamb, M. E. (2004). The role of the father in child development. New York, NY: Wiley.

Latzer, Y., Hochdorf, Z., Bachar, E., & Canetti, L. (2002). Attachment style and family functioning as discriminating factors in eating disorders. Contemporary Family Therapy, 24(4), 581–599.CrossRef

LaVoie, J. C. (1976). Ego identity formation in middle adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 5(4), 371–385.CrossRefPubMed

Lee, A., & Hankin, B. L. (2009). Insecure attachment, dysfunctional attitudes, and low self-esteem predicting prospective symptoms of depression and anxiety during adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 38(2), 219–231.CrossRef

Lenkiewicz, K., Srebnicki, T., & Bryńska, A. (2016). Mechanisms shaping the development of personality and personality disorders in children and adolescents. Psychiatria Polska, 50(3), 621–629.CrossRefPubMed

Lenzi, D., Trentini, C., Tambelli, R., & Pantano, P. (2015). Neural basis of attachment-caregiving systems interaction: Insights from neuroimaging studies. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1241 doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01241.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Leone, J. E., Fetro, J. V., Kittleson, M., Welshimer, K. J., Partridge, J. A., & Robertson, S. L. (2011). Predictors of adolescent male body image dissatisfaction: Implications for negative health practices and consequences for school health from a regionally representative sample. Journal of School Health, 81(4), 174–184.CrossRefPubMed

Lev-Ari, L., Baumgarten-Katz, I., & Zohar, A. H. (2014). Show me your friends, and I shall show you who you are: The way attachment and social comparisons influence body dissatisfaction. European Eating Disorder Review, 22(6), 463–469.CrossRef

Mäkinen, M., Puukko-Viertomies, L.-R., Lindberg, N., Siimes, M. A., & Aalberg, V. (2012). Body dissatisfaction and body mass in girls and boys transitioning from early to mid-adolescence: Additional role of self-esteem and eating habits. BMC Psychiatry, 12(1), 1 doi:10.1186/1471-224X-12-35.CrossRef

Mattanah, J. F., Hancock, G. R., & Brand, B. L. (2004). Parental attachment, separation-individuation, and college student adjustment: A structural equation analysis of mediational effects. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(2), 213–225.CrossRef

McCabe, M. P., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2004). Body image dissatisfaction among males across the lifespan: A review of past literature. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 56(6), 675–685.CrossRefPubMed

McGuinnes, T. M., Dyer, J. G., & Wade, E. H. (2012). Gender differences in adolescent depression. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 50(12), 17–20.CrossRef

McKinley, N. M., & Randa, L. A. (2005). Adult attachment and body satisfaction: An exploration of general and specific relationship differences. Body Image, 2(3), 209–218.CrossRefPubMed

Mellor, D., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., McCabe, M. P., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2010). Body image and self-esteem across age and gender: A short-term longitudinal study. Sex Roles, 63(9–10), 672–681.CrossRef

Mickelson, K. D., & Kessler, R. C. (1997). Adult attachment in a nationally representative sample. Journal of Personal and Social Psychology, 73(5), 1092–1106.CrossRef

Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2012). An attachment perspective on psychopathology. World Psychiatry, 11(1), 11–15.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., & Pereg, D. (2003). Attachment and theory and affect regulation: The dynamic development and cognitive consequences of attachment related strategies. Motivation and Emotion, 27(2), 77–102.CrossRef

Miller, K. S., Forehand, R., & Kotchick, B. A. (1999). Adolescent sexual behavior in two ethnic minority samples: The role of family variables. Journal of Marriage and Family, 61(1), 85–98.CrossRef

Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2007). Mplus user’s guide. 5th edn. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.

Neiss, M. B., Stevenson, J., Legrand, L. N., Lacono, W. G., & Sedikides, K. (2009). Self-esteem, negative emotionality, and depression as a common temperamental core: A study of mid-adolescent twin girls. Journal of Personality, 77(2), 327–346.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Németh, Á., & Költő, A. (2011). Serdülőkorú fiatalok egészsége és életmódja. [Health behavior in school-aged children (HBSC): A WHO-collaborative cross-national study national report 2010.] Budapest: National Institute of Child Health.

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Girgus, J. S. (1994). The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 115(3), 424–443.CrossRefPubMed

Olivardia, R., Pope, H. G., Borowiecki, J. J., & Cohane, G. H. (2004). Biceps and body image: The relationship between muscularity and self-esteem, depression, and eating disorder symptoms. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 5(2), 112–120.CrossRef

Oliviera, P., & Costa, M. E. (2009). Interrelationships of adult attachment orientations, health status and worrying among fibromyalgia patients. Journal of Health Psychology, 14(8), 1184–1195.CrossRef

Orth, U., Robins, R. W., & Richards, B. W. (2008). Low self-esteem prospectively predicts depression in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(3), 695–708.CrossRefPubMed

Pinquart, M., Feußner, C., & Ahnert, L. (2013). Meta-analytic evidence for stability in attachments from infancy to early adulthood. Attachment & Human Development, 15(2), 189–218.CrossRef

Ricciardelli, L. A., & McCabe, M. P. (2001). Self-esteem and negative affect as moderators of sociocultural influences on body dissatisfaction, strategies to decrease weight, and strategies to increase muscles among adolescent boys and girls. Sex Roles, 44(3–4), 189–207.CrossRef

Riggs, S. A., & Jacobvitz, D. (2002). Expectant parents’ representations of early attachment relationships: Associations with mental health and family history. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 195–204.CrossRef

Roberts, J. E., Gotlib, I. H., & Kassel, J. D. (1996). Adult attachment security and symptoms of depression: The mediating roles of dysfunctional attitudes and low self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 310–320.CrossRefPubMed

Rózsa, S., Várfiné Komlósi, A., Kő, N., Vetró, Á., Gádoros, J., & Csorba, S. (1999). A gyermek- és kamaszkori depresszió vizsgálatának lehetősége normális és klinikai minták tapasztalatai alapján. [The opportunity to measure childhood and adolescent depression based on the experiences of clinical and normal samples.] Pszichológia, 19(4), 59–482.

Rutter, M. (1970). Normal psychosexual development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 11(4), 259–283.CrossRefPubMed

Sable, P. (2008). What is adult attachment? Clinical and Social Work Journal, 36(1), 21–30.CrossRef

Samek, D. R., Wilson, S., McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G. (2016). Gentic and environmental influences on parent-child conflict and child depression through late adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. doi:10.1080/15374416.2016.1141357.PubMed

Siegel, J. M., Yancey, A. K., Aneshensel, C. S., & Schuler, R. (1999). Body image, perceived pubertal timing, and adolescent mental health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 25(2), 155–165.CrossRefPubMed

Sowislo, J. F., & Orth, U. (2013). Does self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 213–240.CrossRefPubMed

Stice, E. (2002). Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 128(5), 825–848.CrossRefPubMed

Stice, E., Hayward, C., Cameron, R. P., Killen, J. D., & Taylor, C. B. (2002). Body-image and eating disturbances predict onset of depression among female adolescents: A longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(3), 438–444.CrossRef

Sund, A. M., & Wichstrom, L. (2002). Insecure attachment as a risk factor for future depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(12), 1478–1485.CrossRef

Szalai, T. D. (2014). A testtömegindex összefüggései párkapcsolattal, szexualitással, barátsággal és szerhasználattal a Magyar ifjúságkörében. [The connections of body mass index with relationship, sexuality, friendship and substance use among Hungarian youth.] In L. Székely, A. Nagy (Eds.), Másodkézből—Magyar Ifjúság (pp. 113–148). Budapest: Kutatópont.

Tambelli, R., Laghi, F., Odorioso, F., & Notari, V. (2012). Attachment relationships and internalizing and externalizing problems among Italian adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(8), 1465–1471.CrossRef

Tiggemann, M. (2005). Body dissatisfaction and adolescent self-esteem: Prospective findings. Body Image, 2(2), 129–135.CrossRefPubMed

Tiggemann, M., Martins, Y., & Churchett, L. (2008). Beyond muscles unexplored parts of men’s body image. Journal of Health Psychology, 13(8), 1163–1172.CrossRefPubMed

Tremblay, L., & Limbos, M. (2009). Body image disturbance and psychopathology in children: Research evidence and implications for prevention and treatment. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 5(1), 62–72.CrossRef

Túry, F., & Babusa, B. (2012). Adonisztól Schwarzeneggerig. Férfiideáliok és civilizáció. [From Adonis to Schwarzenegger. Men idols and civilization.] Budapest: Oriold.

Van Durme, K., Braet, C., & Goossens, L. (2015). Insecure attachment and eating pathology in early adolescence: Role of emotion regulation. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 35(1), 54–78.CrossRef

Watson, D., Suls, J., & Haig, J. (2002). Global self-esteem in relation to structural models of personality and affectivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(1), 185–197.CrossRefPubMed

Wei, M., Russel, D. W., Mallinckrodt, B., & Vogel, D. L. (2007). The experiences in close relationships scale (ECR)—short form: Reliability, validity and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88(2), 187–204.CrossRefPubMed

Zachrisson, H. D., & Skårderud, F. (2010). Feelings of insecurity: Review of attachment and eating disorders. European Eating Disorders Review, 18(2), 97–106.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Parental Attachment and Body Satisfaction in Adolescents
Auteurs: Tamás Dömötör Szalai
Edit Czeglédi
András Vargha
Ferenc Grezsa
Publicatiedatum: 25-11-2016
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 4/2017
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0626-z

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2017

Can Self-Reassurance Buffer against the Impact of Bullying? Effects on Body Shame and Disordered Eating in Adolescence

Effects of Equine-Facilitated Psychotherapy on Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Youth

Emotion Regulation of Preschool Children in Foster Care: The Influence of Maternal Depression and Parenting

Parent-Professional Alliance and Outcomes of Child, Parent, and Family Treatment: A Systematic Review

Shyness, Unsociability, and Socio-Emotional Functioning at Preschool: The Protective Role of Peer Acceptance

Family Disruption and Social, Emotional and Behavioral Functioning in Middle Childhood