Top

Journal of Child and Family Studies

Gepubliceerd in:

05-07-2019 | Original Paper

Parent–Adolescent Communication and Social Impacts on Black American Adolescents’ Academic Well-Being

Auteurs: Kelli A. Hill, Debra D. Roberts

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 11/2019

Abstract

Objective

This research sought to bring awareness to positive communication skills and social components that may be helpful with closing the persistent academic achievement gap between White and Black students in junior high school and high school. In underserved Black American populations it is often believed that parents have little communication concerning the need for educational attainment; however, there is some research to explain that Black American parents participate in much communication with their children pertaining to academic well-being.

Methods

Questionnaires were distributed to 167 adolescents, ages 11–19 years old, in sixth through twelfth grades. Once data were collected, we completed moderated-mediation analyses using the bootstrapping technique in Process.

Results

We found support for self-efficacy and social skills as mediators in the relationship between parent–adolescent communication (PAC) and academic performance. However, the findings were conditional for moderators, grade level and household make up. Results for self-efficacy and social skills were mixed for junior high school and high school in the relationship between PAC and academic performance. Furthermore, single parent homes revealed low amounts of self-efficacy and social skills as expected in the moderated-mediation.

Conclusion

Implications for the study suggest more direct PAC in the Black American community surrounding self-efficacy, social skills and academic performance in order to promote academic success.

vorige artikel Father–Adolescent Conflict and Adolescent Symptoms: The Moderating Roles of Father Residential Status and Type

volgende artikel Questions of Identity in Children Born of War—Embarking on a Search for the Unknown Soldier Father

Bandura, A., & National Inst of Mental Health. (1986). Prentice-Hall series in social learning theory. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: W H Freeman/Times Books/ Henry Holt & Co.

Barnes, H. L., & Olson, D. H. (1985). Parent–adolescent communication and the Circumplex Model. Child Development, 56(2), 438–447. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129732.CrossRef

Bienvenue, M. J. (1969). Measurement of parent–adolescent communication. The Family Coordinator, 18(2), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.2307/582224.CrossRef

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32(7), 513–531.CrossRef

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22(6), 723–742.CrossRef

Burton, L. M., Obeidallah, D. A., & Allison, K. (1996). Ethnographic insights on social context and adolescent development among inner-city African-American teens. In R. Jessor, A. Colby, & R. A. Shweder (Eds), The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation series on mental health and development. Ethnography and human development: Context and meaning in social inquiry (pp. 395–418). Chicago, IL, US: University of Chicago Press.

Cairney, J., Boyle, M., Offord, D. R., & Racine, Y. (2003). Stress, social support and depression in single and married mothers. Social Psychiatry Psychiatry Epidemiology, 38, 442–449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-003-0661-0.CrossRef

Cavell, T. A., & Kelley, M. L. (1992). The Measure of Adolescent Social Performance: Development and initial validation. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21(2), 107–114.CrossRef

Child Trends. (2018). Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Child Population. https://www.childtrends.org/indicators/racial-and-ethnic-composition-of-the-child-population.

Feldman, R. (2007). Parent-infant synchrony: Biological foundations and developmental outcomes. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(6), 340–345.CrossRef

Fletcher, A. C., Elder, G. H. Jr., & Mekos, D. (2000). Parental influences on adolescent involvement in community activities. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 10(1), 29–48.CrossRef

Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2002). The orchestration of selection, optimization and compensation: An action–theoretical conceptualization of a theory of developmental regulation. In W. J. Perrig & A. Grob (Eds), Control of human behavior, mental processes, and consciousness: Essays in honor of the 60th birthday of August Flammer (pp. 35–58). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Fulkerson, J., Pasch, K., Stigler, M., Farbakhsh, K., Perry, C., & Komro, K. (2010). Longitudinal associations between family dinner and adolescent perceptions of parent-child communication among racially diverse urban youth. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(3), 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019311.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Coll, C. G., Lamberty, G., Jenkins, R., McAdoo, H. P., Crnic, K., Wasik, B. H., & Garcia, H. V. (1996). An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children. Child Development, 67(5), 1891–1914.

Green, D. M. (2003). Self-efficacy: a communication model for the development of self-efficacy in the classroom. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 23, 3–4.CrossRef

Gresham, F. M., Elliott, S. N., Cook, C. R., Vance, M. J., & Kettler, R. (2010). Cross-informant agreement for ratings for social skills and problem behavior ratings: An Investigation of the social skill improvement system—Rating scales. Psychological Assessment, 22(1), 157–166. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018124.

Hall, L. A., Rayens, M. K., & Peden, A. R. (2008). Maternal factors associated with child behavior. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 40(2), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2008.00216.x.

Hetherington, E. M., Bridges, M., & Insabella, G. M. (1998). What matters? What does not? Five perspectives on the association between marital transitions and children’s adjustment. American Psychologist, 53(2), 167–184.

Hill, N. E., Bromell, L., Tyson, D. F., & Flint, R. (2007). Developmental commentary: ecological perspectives on parental influences during adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 36(3), 367–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410701444322.

Hillaker, B., Brophy-Herb, H., Villarruel, F., & Haas, B. (2008). The contributions of parenting to social competencies and positive values in middle school youth: positive family communication, maintaining standards, and supportive family relationships. Family Relations, 57(5), 591–601.

Hughes, A., Galbraith, D., & White D. (2011). Perceived competence: A common core for self-efficacy and self-concept? Journal of Personality Assessment, 93(3), 278–289. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2011.559390.

Jodl, K., Michael, A., Malanchuk, O., Eccles, J., & Sameroff, A. (2001). Parents’ roles in shaping early adolescents’ occupational aspirations. Child Development, 72, 1247–1265.CrossRef

Jones, J., & Mosher, W. (2013). Fathers’ involvement with their children: United States, 2006–2010. National Health Statistics Reports, 71, 1–22.

Jonson-Reid, M., Davis, L., Saunders, J., Williams, T., & Williams, J. H. (2005). Academic self-efficacy among African American youths: Implications for school social work practice. Children & Schools, 27(1), 5–14.

Kids Count Data Center. (2017). Child population by race and age group in the United States. The Annie E. Casey Foundation. Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau. https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/8446-child-population-by-race-and-age-group?loc=1&loct=1#detailed/1/any/false/871/68,69,67,12,70,66,71,13/17077,17078.

Lane, J. & Lane, A. (2001). Self-efficacy and academic performance. Social Behavior and Personality, 29(7), 687–694.

Luster, T., & McAdoo, H. P. (1994). Factors related to the achievement and adjustment of young African American children. Child Development, 65(4), 1080–1094.

Masselam, V., Marcus, R., & Stunkard, C. (1990). Parent–adolescent communication, family functioning, and school performance. Family Therapy, 17(2), 177–189.

Myers, L. J. (2013). Restoration of spirit: An African-centered communal health model. Journal of Black Psychology, 39(3), 257–260.

National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP. (2017). NAEP mathematics & reading assessments: highlighted results at grades 4 and 8 for the nation, states, and districts. https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/reading_math_2017_highlights/.

Preacher, K., & Hayes, A. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–892.CrossRef

Saporito, S., & Sohoni, D. (2007). Mapping educational inequality: concentrations of poverty among poor and minority students in public schools. Social Forces, 85(3), 1227–1253.CrossRef

Schweinle, A., & Mims, G. (2009). Mathematics self-efficacy: stereotype threat versus resilience. Social Psychology of Education, 12, 501–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-009-9094-2.CrossRef

Sherer, M., Maddux, J. E., Mercandante, B., Prentice-dunn, S., Jacobs, B., & Rogers, R. W. (1982). The Self-efficacy Scale: Construction and validation. Psychological Reports, 51(2), 663–671.

Shumow, L., & Lomax, R. (2002). Parental efficacy: Predictor of parenting behavior and adolescent outcomes. Parenting: Science and Practice, 2(2), 127–150. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327922PAR0202_0.CrossRef

Slater, M. A., & Power, T. G. (1987). Multidimensional assessment of parenting in single-parent families. In J. P. Vincent (Eds), Advances in family intervention, assessment, and theory, 4 (pp. 197–228). Greenwich, CT: JAI.

Smetana, J., & Chuang, S. (2001). Middle-class African American parents' conceptions of parenting in early adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11, 177–198. https://doi.org/10.1111/1532-7795.00009.CrossRef

Spera, C., Wentzel, K. R., & Matto, H. C. (2009). Parental aspirations for their children’s educational attainment: relations to ethnicity, parental education, children’s academic performance, and parental perceptions of school climate. Youth Adolescence, 38, 1140–1152.CrossRef

Steinberg, L. (2001). We know some things: Parent–adolescent relationships in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11(1), 1–19.CrossRef

Steinberg, L. (2005). Adolescence. Seventh Ed New York: McGraw-Hill.

Taylor, R. D., Roberts, D., & Jacobson, L. (1997). Stressful life events, psychological well-being, and parenting in African American mothers. Journal of Family Psychology, 11(4), 436–446.CrossRef

Thomas, A., Blackmon, S., Speight, S., Hewitt, A., Witherspoon, K., & Selders, M. (2014). Factor analysis of the parent experience of racial socialization scale. Journal of Black Psychology, 40(3), 263–274.CrossRef

Tyler, K. M., Dillihunt, M. L., Boykin, A. W., Coleman, S. T., Scott, D. M., Tyler, C. M. B., & Hurley, E. A. (2008). Examining cultural socialization within African American and European American households. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14(3), 201–204.CrossRef

Wang, B., Stanton, B., Li, X., Cottrell, L., Deveaux, L., & Kaljee, L. (2013). The influence of parental monitoring and parent–adolescent communication on Bahamian adolescent risk involvement: A three-year longitudinal examination. Journal of Social Science and Medicine, 97, 151–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.08.013.CrossRef

Wentzel, K. R. (1991). Relations between social competence and academic achievement in early adolescence. Child Development, 62(5), 1066–1078.CrossRef

Wilson, A. (1978). The Developmental Psychology of the Black Child. New York: United Brothers Communications Systems, Inc.

Titel: Parent–Adolescent Communication and Social Impacts on Black American Adolescents’ Academic Well-Being
Auteurs: Kelli A. Hill
Debra D. Roberts
Publicatiedatum: 05-07-2019
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 11/2019
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01497-3

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 11/2019

Questions of Identity in Children Born of War—Embarking on a Search for the Unknown Soldier Father

Do Children Recognize the Impact of Physical and Sedentary Activities on Weight?

Worsening Perceptions of Family Connectedness and Parent Support for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adolescents

Father–Adolescent Conflict and Adolescent Symptoms: The Moderating Roles of Father Residential Status and Type

Expanding and Extending the Role Reversal Construct in Early Childhood

Adolescent-Parent Discrepancies in Perceptions of Parenting: Associations with Adolescent Externalizing Problem Behavior