Introduction
Methods
Patients
Questionnaires
Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP G14)
Short Form 36 health survey (SF-36)
Oral examination
Statistical analysis
Results
Patients
HTx (n = 104) | HF (n = 82) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender (male in % [n]) | 75% [78] | 84.1% [69] | 0.15 |
Age in years (mv ± sd) | 55.26 ± 12.16 | 54.90 ± 11.14 | 0.77 |
Time since HTx in years (mv ± sd) | 6.8 ± 5.16 | – | – |
Smoking habits % [n] | |||
Smoker | 4.8% [5] | 16% [13] | 0.03 |
Non-smoker | 76% [79] | 63% [51] | |
Former smoker | 19.2% [20] | 21% [17] | |
Underlying heart disease % [n] | |||
DCM | 62.5% [65] | 63.4% [52] | 0.99 |
ICM | 29.8% [31] | 31.7% [26] | 0.87 |
Valvular insufficiency | 12.5% [13] | 40.2% [33] | < 0.01 |
Atrial fibrillation | 6.7% [7] | 29.3% [24] | < 0.01 |
Comorbidities % [n] | |||
Hypertension | 56.3% [58] | 74.4% [61] | 0.01 |
Diabetes mellitus | 31.7% [33] | 35.4% [29] | 0.64 |
Osteoporosis | 4.8% [5] | 4.9% [4] | 0.99 |
Renal insufficiency | 83.7% [87] | 45.1% [37] | < 0.01 |
Obesity | 50% [52] | 42.7% [35] | 0.38 |
NYHA-class | |||
I | – | 6% [4/69] | – |
I–II | 6% [4/69] | ||
II | 43% [30/69] | ||
II–III | 6% [4/69] | ||
III | 29% [20/69] | ||
III–IV | 4% [3/69] | ||
IV | 6% [4/69] |
Oral health and treatment needs
Parameter | HTx (n = 104) | HF (n = 82) | p value |
---|---|---|---|
DMF-T (mv ± sd) | 16.08 ± 7.11 | 16.90 ± 6.66 | 0.46 |
M-T (mv ± sd) | 6.90 ± 7.27 | 7.32 ± 7.64 | 0.71 |
Dental treatment need % [n] | 16.3% [17] | 17.1% [14] | 0.99 |
Periodontal treatment need % [n] | 85.6% [89] | 95.1% [78] | 0.05 |
Overall treatment need % [n] | 86.5% [90] | 95.1% [78] | 0.08 |
OHIP G14 sum score | 6.58 ± 6.40 [5; 2.5–8] | 5.54 ± 5.47 [5; 2–7] | 0.39 |
OHIP G14 pattern psychosocial impact | 2.04 ± 3.86 [0; 0–3] | 1.26 ± 3.53 [0; 0–2] | 0.24 |
OHIP G14 pattern oral function | 1.30 ± 2.40 [0; 0–2] | 0.78 ± 1.68 [0; 0–0] | 0.04 |
OHIP G14 values
Question [n] | Group | Point Score | p value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never (rating 0) | Rarely (rating 1) | Sometimes (rating 2) | Often (rating 3) | Very often (rating 4) | |||
Trouble pronouncing | HTx | 88 | 11 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0.88 |
HF | 70 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 0 | ||
Taste worsened | HTx | 80 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0.21 |
HF | 71 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
Life less satisfying | HTx | 83 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 0.71 |
HF | 64 | 11 | 2 | 3 | 1 | ||
Difficult to relax | HTx | 81 | 12 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 0.64 |
HF | 70 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | ||
Feeling of tension | HTx | 83 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0.03 |
HF | 76 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | ||
Interrupting meals | HTx | 88 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 |
HF | 77 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Uncomfortable to eat | HTx | 83 | 12 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0.10 |
HF | 70 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 0 | ||
Short tempered | HTx | 84 | 14 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0.22 |
HF | 73 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | ||
Difficulty performing jobs | HTx | 84 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0.02 |
HF | 76 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | ||
Unable to function | HTx | 89 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0.10 |
HF | 77 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Embarrassed | HTx | 87 | 13 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0.12 |
HF | 74 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | ||
Diet unsatisfactory | HTx | 89 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0.31 |
HF | 75 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Oral pain | HTx | 83 | 10 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0.79 |
HF | 66 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
Sense of uncertainty | HTx | 83 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 0.23 |
HF | 61 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 3 |
SF-36 values
Parameter | HTx (n = 104) | HF (n = 82) | p value |
---|---|---|---|
SF-36 physical functioning (mv ± sd) | 68.83 ± 27.83 | 51.29 ± 28.61 | < 0.01 |
SF-36 role-physical (mv ± sd) | 61.08 ± 43.95 | 38.27 ± 42.95 | < 0.01 |
SF-36 general health (mv ± sd) | 55.08 ± 22.64 | 44.48 ± 17.98 | < 0.01 |
SF-36 vitality (mv ± sd) | 58.35 ± 20.18 | 47.70 ± 19.45 | < 0.01 |
SF-36 bodily pain (mv ± sd) | 70.23 ± 31.46 | 76.95 ± 26.94 | 0.22 |
SF-36 social functioning (mv ± sd) | 78.52 ± 26.05 | 82.97 ± 22.61 | 0.39 |
SF-36 role-emotional (mv ± sd) | 76.70 ± 40.38 | 69.17 ± 43.98 | 0.25 |
SF-36 mental health (mv ± sd) | 71.26 ± 20.64 | 69.49 ± 17.69 | 0.34 |
Physical component summary (mv ± sd) | 43.04 ± 11.28 | 37.41 ± 11.09 | < 0.01 |
Mental component summary (mv ± sd) | 49.99 ± 10.55 | 50.36 ± 9.77 | 0.89 |
Associations between OHIP G14 and oral health as well as HRQoL
OHIP G14 | HTx | HF | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCS | MCS | PCS | MCS | ||
Sum score | ≤ 2 | 48.61 ± 9.02 | 54.13 ± 8.66 | 43.45 ± 9.53 | 49.28 ± 10.87 |
3–5 | 45.21 ± 9.68 | 50.93 ± 8.10 | 35.56 ± 10.97 | 53.48 ± 7.87 | |
6–7 | 38.30 ± 14.64 | 53.11 ± 8.56 | 34.88 ± 10.85 | 50.01 ± 12.35 | |
≥ 8 | 38.55 ± 10.32 | 43.67 ± 12.92 | 35.16 ± 11.41 | 45.79 ± 9.44 | |
p value | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.06 | |
Psychosocial impact | 0 | 44.50 ± 11.35 | 51.34 ± 9.42 | 38.28 ± 10.85 | 51.32 ± 9.41 |
1 | 39.50 ± 12.69 | 52.85 ± 14.85 | 35.17 ± 9.49 | 48.61 ± 11.12 | |
≥ 2 | 40.71 ± 10.36 | 45.79 ± 10.77 | 35.75 ± 14.67 | 47.51 ± 9.94 | |
p value | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.48 | 0.35 | |
Oral function | 0 | 48.81 ± 8.58 | 51.62 ± 8.71 | 38.89 ± 11.08 | 50.83 ± 9.56 |
1 | 49.61 ± 6.54 | 57.58 ± 5.44 | 34.49 ± 7.05 | 48.98 ± 6.56 | |
≥ 2 | 35.90 ± 11.44 | 42.77 ± 12.04 | 32.67 ± 10.97 | 48.97 ± 11.48 | |
P value | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.13 | 0.82 |
Variable | HTx | HF | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OHIP G14 sum score | p value | OHIP G14 sum score | p value | |
DMF-T | ||||
≤ 12 | 5.59 ± 6.03 | 0.95 | 6.00 ± 7.98 | 0.86 |
13–16 | 5.81 ± 4.85 | 4.93 ± 3.69 | ||
17–21 | 6.60 ± 7.02 | 5.23 ± 4.42 | ||
≥ 22 | 6.56 ± 6.01 | 5.84 ± 4.35 | ||
M-T | ||||
≤ 1 | 5.27 ± 4.39 | 0.47 | 4.36 ± 3.36 | 0.25 |
2–4 | 6.49 ± 7.22 | 7.53 ± 9.04 | ||
5–10 | 5.23 ± 4.59 | 4.36 ± 3.36 | ||
≥ 11 | 7.70 ± 7.40 | 6.38 ± 4.99 | ||
Dental treatment need | ||||
Yes | 6.97 ± 5.92 | 0.18 | 6.14 ± 3.46 | 0.19 |
No | 5.59 ± 6.03 | 5.41 ± 5.81 | ||
Periodontal treatment need | ||||
Yes | 6.03 ± 5.67 | 0.52 | 5.76 ± 5.50 | 0.02 |
No | 8.64 ± 6.89 | 1.25 ± 2.50 |
Parameter | HTx group | HF group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | CI95 | p value | β | CI95 | p value | |
SF-36 physical component summary | − 0.242 | − 2.67 to − 0.008 | 0.04 | − 0.300 | − 0.275 to − 0.024 | 0.02 |
SF-36 mental component summary | − 0.362 | − 0.34 to − 0.100 | < 0.01 | − 0.247 | − 0.253 to − 0.025 | 0.02 |
M-T | 0.145 | − 0.129 to 0.385 | 0.33 | 0.204 | − 0.021 to 0.318 | 0.09 |
DMF-T | − 0.046 | − 0.291 to 0.209 | 0.76 | − 0.128 | − 0.358 to 0.147 | 0.41 |
Dental treatment need | 0.024 | − 2.808 to 3.616 | 0.80 | 0.040 | − 2.587 to 3.729 | 0.72 |
Periodontal treatment need | − 0.080 | − 5.205 to 2.337 | 0.45 | 0.122 | − 2.296 to 8.389 | 0.26 |
Age | − 0.043 | − 0.131 to 0.086 | 0.68 | − 0.217 | − 0.231 to 0.017 | 0.09 |
Gender | − 0.036 | − 3.386 to 2.338 | 0.72 | 0.021 | − 3.215 to 3.907 | 0.85 |
Smoking | 0.065 | − 1.945 to 3.919 | 0.51 | − 0.407 | − 7.289 to − 1.958 | < 0.01 |