Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 5/2016

06-01-2016 | Original Paper

Ocular Fixation Abnormality in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Auteurs: Aya Shirama, Chieko Kanai, Nobumasa Kato, Makio Kashino

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 5/2016

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

We examined the factors that influence ocular fixation control in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) including sensory information, individuals’ motor characteristics, and inhibitory control. The ASD group showed difficulty in maintaining fixation especially when there was no fixation target. The fixational eye movement characteristics of individuals were consistent regardless of the presence or absence of a fixation target in the controls, but not in the ASD group. Additionally, fixation stability did not correlate with an ability to suppress reflexive saccades measured by an antisaccade task. These findings suggest that ASD adults have deficits in converting alternative sensory information, such as retinal signals in the peripheral visual field or extraretinal signals, to motor commands when the foveal information is unavailable.
Literatuur
go back to reference Abel, L. A., Traccis, S., Dell’Osso, L. F., Daroff, R. B., & Troost, B. T. (1984). Square wave oscillation the relationship of saccadic intrusions and oscillations. Neuroophthalmology, 4(1), 21–25.CrossRef Abel, L. A., Traccis, S., Dell’Osso, L. F., Daroff, R. B., & Troost, B. T. (1984). Square wave oscillation the relationship of saccadic intrusions and oscillations. Neuroophthalmology, 4(1), 21–25.CrossRef
go back to reference Agam, Y., Joseph, R. M., Barton, J. J., & Manoach, D. S. (2010). Reduced cognitive control of response inhibition by the anterior cingulate cortex in autism spectrum disorders. Neuroimage, 52(1), 336–347.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Agam, Y., Joseph, R. M., Barton, J. J., & Manoach, D. S. (2010). Reduced cognitive control of response inhibition by the anterior cingulate cortex in autism spectrum disorders. Neuroimage, 52(1), 336–347.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
go back to reference Balslev, D., Himmelbach, M., Karnath, H. O., Borchers, S., & Odoj, B. (2012). Eye proprioception used for visual localization only if in conflict with the oculomotor plan. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(25), 8569–8573.CrossRefPubMed Balslev, D., Himmelbach, M., Karnath, H. O., Borchers, S., & Odoj, B. (2012). Eye proprioception used for visual localization only if in conflict with the oculomotor plan. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(25), 8569–8573.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Barton, J. J., Pandita, M., Thakkar, K., Goff, D. C., & Manoach, D. S. (2008). The relation between antisaccade errors, fixation stability and prosaccade errors in schizophrenia. Experimental Brain Research, 186(2), 273–282.CrossRefPubMed Barton, J. J., Pandita, M., Thakkar, K., Goff, D. C., & Manoach, D. S. (2008). The relation between antisaccade errors, fixation stability and prosaccade errors in schizophrenia. Experimental Brain Research, 186(2), 273–282.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bellebaum, C., Daum, I., Koch, B., Schwarz, M., & Hoffmann, K. P. (2005). The role of the human thalamus in processing corollary discharge. Brain, 128(5), 1139–1154.CrossRefPubMed Bellebaum, C., Daum, I., Koch, B., Schwarz, M., & Hoffmann, K. P. (2005). The role of the human thalamus in processing corollary discharge. Brain, 128(5), 1139–1154.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Cherici, C., Kuang, X., Poletti, M., & Rucci, M. (2012). Precision of sustained fixation in trained and untrained observers. Journal of Vision, 12(6), 31.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Cherici, C., Kuang, X., Poletti, M., & Rucci, M. (2012). Precision of sustained fixation in trained and untrained observers. Journal of Vision, 12(6), 31.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Ciuffreda, K. L., & Tannen, B. (1995). Eye movement basics for the clinician. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year book Inc. Ciuffreda, K. L., & Tannen, B. (1995). Eye movement basics for the clinician. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year book Inc.
go back to reference Cornsweet, T. N. (1956). Determination of the stimuli for involuntary drifts and saccadic eye movements. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 46(11), 987–993.CrossRefPubMed Cornsweet, T. N. (1956). Determination of the stimuli for involuntary drifts and saccadic eye movements. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 46(11), 987–993.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Courchesne, E., Saitoh, O., Yeung-Courchesne, R., Press, G. A., Lincoln, A. J., Haas, R. H., & Schreibman, L. (1994). Abnormality of cerebellar vermian lobules VI and VII in patients with infantile autism: identification of hypoplastic and hyperplastic subgroups with MR imaging. American Journal of Roentgenology, 162(1), 123–130.CrossRefPubMed Courchesne, E., Saitoh, O., Yeung-Courchesne, R., Press, G. A., Lincoln, A. J., Haas, R. H., & Schreibman, L. (1994). Abnormality of cerebellar vermian lobules VI and VII in patients with infantile autism: identification of hypoplastic and hyperplastic subgroups with MR imaging. American Journal of Roentgenology, 162(1), 123–130.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Courchesne, E., Yeung-Courchesne, R., Hesselink, J. R., & Jernigan, T. L. (1988). Hypoplasia of cerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII in autism. New England Journal of Medicine, 318(21), 1349–1354.CrossRefPubMed Courchesne, E., Yeung-Courchesne, R., Hesselink, J. R., & Jernigan, T. L. (1988). Hypoplasia of cerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII in autism. New England Journal of Medicine, 318(21), 1349–1354.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Curtis, C. E., Calkins, M. E., & Iacono, W. G. (2001). Saccadic disinhibition in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree biological relatives. Experimental Brain Research, 137(2), 228–236.CrossRefPubMed Curtis, C. E., Calkins, M. E., & Iacono, W. G. (2001). Saccadic disinhibition in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree biological relatives. Experimental Brain Research, 137(2), 228–236.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Dell’Osso, L. F., Abel, L. A., & Daroff, R. B. (1977). “Inverse latent” macro square-wave jerks and macro saccadic oscillations. Annals of Neurology, 2, 57–60.CrossRefPubMed Dell’Osso, L. F., Abel, L. A., & Daroff, R. B. (1977). “Inverse latent” macro square-wave jerks and macro saccadic oscillations. Annals of Neurology, 2, 57–60.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ditchburn, R. W., & Ginsborg, B. L. (1952). Vision with a stabilized retinal image. Nature, 170, 36–37.CrossRefPubMed Ditchburn, R. W., & Ginsborg, B. L. (1952). Vision with a stabilized retinal image. Nature, 170, 36–37.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Donaldson, I. M. L. (2000). The functions of the proprioceptors of the eye muscles. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 355(1404), 1685–1754.CrossRef Donaldson, I. M. L. (2000). The functions of the proprioceptors of the eye muscles. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 355(1404), 1685–1754.CrossRef
go back to reference Everling, S., & Fischer, B. (1998). The antisaccade: A review of basic research and clinical studies. Neuropsychologia, 36, 885–899.CrossRefPubMed Everling, S., & Fischer, B. (1998). The antisaccade: A review of basic research and clinical studies. Neuropsychologia, 36, 885–899.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Fried, M., Tsitsiashvili, E., Bonneh, Y. S., Sterkin, A., Wygnanski-Jaffe, T., Epstein, T., & Polat, U. (2014). ADHD subjects fail to suppress eye blinks and microsaccades while anticipating visual stimuli but recover with medication. Vision Research, 101, 62–72.CrossRefPubMed Fried, M., Tsitsiashvili, E., Bonneh, Y. S., Sterkin, A., Wygnanski-Jaffe, T., Epstein, T., & Polat, U. (2014). ADHD subjects fail to suppress eye blinks and microsaccades while anticipating visual stimuli but recover with medication. Vision Research, 101, 62–72.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Goffart, L., Hafed, Z. M., & Krauzlis, R. J. (2012). Visual fixation as equilibrium: Evidence from superior colliculus inactivation. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 10627–10636.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Goffart, L., Hafed, Z. M., & Krauzlis, R. J. (2012). Visual fixation as equilibrium: Evidence from superior colliculus inactivation. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 10627–10636.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Guitton, D., Buchtel, H. A., & Douglas, R. M. (1985). Frontal lobe lesions in man cause difficulties in suppressing reflexive glances and in generating goal-directed saccades. Experimental Brain Research, 58(3), 455–472.CrossRefPubMed Guitton, D., Buchtel, H. A., & Douglas, R. M. (1985). Frontal lobe lesions in man cause difficulties in suppressing reflexive glances and in generating goal-directed saccades. Experimental Brain Research, 58(3), 455–472.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hall, N. J., & Colby, C. L. (2011). Remapping for visual stability. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 366(1564), 528–539.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hall, N. J., & Colby, C. L. (2011). Remapping for visual stability. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 366(1564), 528–539.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Hanes, D. P., Patterson, W. F., & Schall, J. D. (1998). Role of frontal eye fields in countermanding saccades: Visual, movement, and fixation activity. Journal of Neurophysiology, 79(2), 817–834.PubMed Hanes, D. P., Patterson, W. F., & Schall, J. D. (1998). Role of frontal eye fields in countermanding saccades: Visual, movement, and fixation activity. Journal of Neurophysiology, 79(2), 817–834.PubMed
go back to reference Hashimoto, T., Tayama, M., Murakawa, K., Yoshimoto, T., Miyazaki, M., Harada, M., & Kuroda, Y. (1995). Development of the brainstem and cerebellum in autistic patients. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 25(1), 1–18.CrossRefPubMed Hashimoto, T., Tayama, M., Murakawa, K., Yoshimoto, T., Miyazaki, M., Harada, M., & Kuroda, Y. (1995). Development of the brainstem and cerebellum in autistic patients. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 25(1), 1–18.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Hoddevik, G. H., Brodal, A., Kawamura, K., & Hashikawa, T. (1977). The pontine projection to the cerebellar vermal visual area studied by means of the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. Brain Research, 123(2), 209–227.CrossRefPubMed Hoddevik, G. H., Brodal, A., Kawamura, K., & Hashikawa, T. (1977). The pontine projection to the cerebellar vermal visual area studied by means of the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. Brain Research, 123(2), 209–227.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Johnson, B. P., Rinehart, N. J., Papadopulos, N., Tonge, B., Millist, L., White, O., & Fielding, J. (2012). A closer look at visually guided saccades in autism and Asperger’s disorder. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 6, 1–7.CrossRef Johnson, B. P., Rinehart, N. J., Papadopulos, N., Tonge, B., Millist, L., White, O., & Fielding, J. (2012). A closer look at visually guided saccades in autism and Asperger’s disorder. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 6, 1–7.CrossRef
go back to reference Jou, R. J., Frazier, T. W., Keshavan, M. S., Minshew, N. J., & Hardan, A. Y. (2013). A two-year longitudinal pilot MRI study of the brainstem in autism. Behavioural brain research, 251, 163–167.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Jou, R. J., Frazier, T. W., Keshavan, M. S., Minshew, N. J., & Hardan, A. Y. (2013). A two-year longitudinal pilot MRI study of the brainstem in autism. Behavioural brain research, 251, 163–167.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Kase, M., Miller, D. C., & Noda, H. (1980). Discharges of Purkinje cells and mossy fibres in the cerebellar vermis of the monkey during saccadic eye movements and fixation. The Journal of Physiology, 300(1), 539–555.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kase, M., Miller, D. C., & Noda, H. (1980). Discharges of Purkinje cells and mossy fibres in the cerebellar vermis of the monkey during saccadic eye movements and fixation. The Journal of Physiology, 300(1), 539–555.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Kosnik, W., Fikre, J., & Sekuler, R. (1986). Visual fixation stability in older adults. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 27(12), 1720–1725.PubMed Kosnik, W., Fikre, J., & Sekuler, R. (1986). Visual fixation stability in older adults. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 27(12), 1720–1725.PubMed
go back to reference Leigh, R. J., & Zee, D. S. (2006). The neurology of eye movements. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Leigh, R. J., & Zee, D. S. (2006). The neurology of eye movements. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Lewis, R. F., Gaymard, B. M., & Tamargo, R. J. (1998). Efference copy provides the eye position information required for visually guided reaching. Journal of Neurophysiology, 80(3), 1605–1608.PubMed Lewis, R. F., Gaymard, B. M., & Tamargo, R. J. (1998). Efference copy provides the eye position information required for visually guided reaching. Journal of Neurophysiology, 80(3), 1605–1608.PubMed
go back to reference Luna, B., Doll, S. K., Hegedus, S. J., Minshew, N. J., & Sweeney, J. A. (2007). Maturation of executive function in autism. Biological Psychiatry, 61(4), 474–481.CrossRefPubMed Luna, B., Doll, S. K., Hegedus, S. J., Minshew, N. J., & Sweeney, J. A. (2007). Maturation of executive function in autism. Biological Psychiatry, 61(4), 474–481.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Martinez-Conde, S., Macknik, S. L., & Troncoso, X. (2004). The role of fixational eye movements in visual perception. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 229–240.CrossRefPubMed Martinez-Conde, S., Macknik, S. L., & Troncoso, X. (2004). The role of fixational eye movements in visual perception. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 229–240.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference McDowell, J. E., Brown, G. G., Paulus, M., Martinez, A., Stewart, S. E., Dubowitz, D. J., & Braff, D. L. (2002). Neural correlates of refixation saccades and antisaccades in normal and schizophrenia subjects. Biological Psychiatry, 51(3), 216–223.CrossRefPubMed McDowell, J. E., Brown, G. G., Paulus, M., Martinez, A., Stewart, S. E., Dubowitz, D. J., & Braff, D. L. (2002). Neural correlates of refixation saccades and antisaccades in normal and schizophrenia subjects. Biological Psychiatry, 51(3), 216–223.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Minshew, N. J., Luna, B., & Sweeney, J. A. (1999). Oculomotor evidence for neocortical systems but not cerebellar dysfunction in autism. Neurology, 52(5), 917.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Minshew, N. J., Luna, B., & Sweeney, J. A. (1999). Oculomotor evidence for neocortical systems but not cerebellar dysfunction in autism. Neurology, 52(5), 917.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Munoz, D. P., Armstrong, I. T., Hampton, K. A., & Moore, K. D. (2003). Altered control of visual fixation and saccadic eye movements in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Journal of Neurophysiology, 90, 503–514.CrossRefPubMed Munoz, D. P., Armstrong, I. T., Hampton, K. A., & Moore, K. D. (2003). Altered control of visual fixation and saccadic eye movements in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Journal of Neurophysiology, 90, 503–514.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Munoz, D. P., & Wurtz, R. H. (1993). Fixation cells in monkey superior colliculus I. Characteristics of cell discharge. The Journal of Neurophysiology, 70, 559–575.PubMed Munoz, D. P., & Wurtz, R. H. (1993). Fixation cells in monkey superior colliculus I. Characteristics of cell discharge. The Journal of Neurophysiology, 70, 559–575.PubMed
go back to reference Nair, A., Treiber, J. M., Shukla, D. K., Shih, P., & Müller, R. A. (2013). Impaired thalamocortical connectivity in autism spectrum disorder: A study of functional and anatomical connectivity. Brain, 136(6), 1942–1955.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Nair, A., Treiber, J. M., Shukla, D. K., Shih, P., & Müller, R. A. (2013). Impaired thalamocortical connectivity in autism spectrum disorder: A study of functional and anatomical connectivity. Brain, 136(6), 1942–1955.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Nowinski, C. V., Minshew, N. J., Luna, B., Takarae, Y., & Sweeney, J. A. (2005). Oculomotor studies of cerebellar function in autism. Psychiatry Research, 137, 11–19.CrossRefPubMed Nowinski, C. V., Minshew, N. J., Luna, B., Takarae, Y., & Sweeney, J. A. (2005). Oculomotor studies of cerebellar function in autism. Psychiatry Research, 137, 11–19.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Padmanabhan, A., Garver, K., O’Hearn, K., Nawarawong, N., Liu, R., Minshew, N., et al. (2015). Developmental changes in brain function underlying inhibitory control in autism spectrum disorders. Autism Research, 8(2), 123–135.CrossRefPubMed Padmanabhan, A., Garver, K., O’Hearn, K., Nawarawong, N., Liu, R., Minshew, N., et al. (2015). Developmental changes in brain function underlying inhibitory control in autism spectrum disorders. Autism Research, 8(2), 123–135.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Pelli, D. G. (1997). The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: Transforming numbers into movies. Spatial Vision, 10, 437–442.CrossRefPubMed Pelli, D. G. (1997). The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: Transforming numbers into movies. Spatial Vision, 10, 437–442.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Peterburs, J., Thürling, M., Rustemeier, M., Göricke, S., Suchan, B., Timmann, D., & Bellebaum, C. (2015). A cerebellar role in performance monitoring–Evidence from EEG and voxel-based morphometry in patients with cerebellar degenerative disease. Neuropsychologia, 68, 139–147.CrossRefPubMed Peterburs, J., Thürling, M., Rustemeier, M., Göricke, S., Suchan, B., Timmann, D., & Bellebaum, C. (2015). A cerebellar role in performance monitoring–Evidence from EEG and voxel-based morphometry in patients with cerebellar degenerative disease. Neuropsychologia, 68, 139–147.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Reilly, J. L., Lencer, R., Bishop, J. R., Keedy, S., & Sweeney, J. A. (2008). Pharmacological treatment effects on eye movement control. Brain and Cognition, 68(3), 415–435.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Reilly, J. L., Lencer, R., Bishop, J. R., Keedy, S., & Sweeney, J. A. (2008). Pharmacological treatment effects on eye movement control. Brain and Cognition, 68(3), 415–435.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Riggs, L. A., & Ratliff, F. (1952). The effects of counteracting the normal movements of the eye. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 42, 872–873. Riggs, L. A., & Ratliff, F. (1952). The effects of counteracting the normal movements of the eye. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 42, 872–873.
go back to reference Robertson, A. E., & Simmons, D. R. (2013). The relationship between sensory sensitivity and autistic traits in the general population. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(4), 775–784.CrossRefPubMed Robertson, A. E., & Simmons, D. R. (2013). The relationship between sensory sensitivity and autistic traits in the general population. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(4), 775–784.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Robinson, D. A. (1972). Eye movements evoked by collicular stimulation in the alert monkey. Vision Research, 12, 1795–1808.CrossRefPubMed Robinson, D. A. (1972). Eye movements evoked by collicular stimulation in the alert monkey. Vision Research, 12, 1795–1808.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Rojas, D. C., Peterson, E., Winterrowd, E., Reite, M. L., Rogers, S. J., & Tregellas, J. R. (2006). Regional gray matter volumetric changes in autism associated with social and repetitive behavior symptoms. BMC Psychiatry, 6, 56.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rojas, D. C., Peterson, E., Winterrowd, E., Reite, M. L., Rogers, S. J., & Tregellas, J. R. (2006). Regional gray matter volumetric changes in autism associated with social and repetitive behavior symptoms. BMC Psychiatry, 6, 56.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Rose, D. (1999). The historical roots of the theories of local signs and labeled lines. Perception, 28, 675–685.CrossRefPubMed Rose, D. (1999). The historical roots of the theories of local signs and labeled lines. Perception, 28, 675–685.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Schiller, P. H., & Koerner, F. (1971). Discharge characteristics of single units in superior colliculus of alert rhesus monkeys. Journal of Neurophysiology, 34, 920–934.PubMed Schiller, P. H., & Koerner, F. (1971). Discharge characteristics of single units in superior colliculus of alert rhesus monkeys. Journal of Neurophysiology, 34, 920–934.PubMed
go back to reference Schmitt, L. M., Cook, E. H., Sweeney, J. A., & Mosconi, M. W. (2014). Saccadic eye movement abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder indicate dysfunctions in cerebellum and brainstem. Molecular Autism, 5(1), 47.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Schmitt, L. M., Cook, E. H., Sweeney, J. A., & Mosconi, M. W. (2014). Saccadic eye movement abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder indicate dysfunctions in cerebellum and brainstem. Molecular Autism, 5(1), 47.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Sherrington, C. S. (1898). Further note on the sensory nerves of the eye-muscles. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 64(402–411), 120–121.CrossRef Sherrington, C. S. (1898). Further note on the sensory nerves of the eye-muscles. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 64(402–411), 120–121.CrossRef
go back to reference Skavenski, A. A. (1972). Inflow as a source of extraretinal eye position information. Vision Research, 12, 221–229.CrossRefPubMed Skavenski, A. A. (1972). Inflow as a source of extraretinal eye position information. Vision Research, 12, 221–229.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Snodderly, D. M. (1987). Effects of light and dark environments on macaque and human fixational eye movements. Vision Research, 27, 401–415.CrossRefPubMed Snodderly, D. M. (1987). Effects of light and dark environments on macaque and human fixational eye movements. Vision Research, 27, 401–415.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Sommer, M. A., & Wurtz, R. H. (2002). A pathway in primate brain for internal monitoring of movements. Science, 296(5572), 1480–1482.CrossRefPubMed Sommer, M. A., & Wurtz, R. H. (2002). A pathway in primate brain for internal monitoring of movements. Science, 296(5572), 1480–1482.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Stanfield, A. C., McIntosh, A. M., Spencer, M. D., Philip, R., Gaur, S., & Lawrie, S. M. (2008). Towards a neuroanatomy of autism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies. European Psychiatry, 23(4), 289–299.CrossRefPubMed Stanfield, A. C., McIntosh, A. M., Spencer, M. D., Philip, R., Gaur, S., & Lawrie, S. M. (2008). Towards a neuroanatomy of autism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies. European Psychiatry, 23(4), 289–299.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Steinman, R. M. (1965). Effect of target size, luminance, and color on monocular fixation. Journal of Optical Society of America, 55(9), 1158–1164.CrossRef Steinman, R. M. (1965). Effect of target size, luminance, and color on monocular fixation. Journal of Optical Society of America, 55(9), 1158–1164.CrossRef
go back to reference Takarae, Y., Minshew, N. J., Luna, B., & Sweeney, J. A. (2004). Oculomotor abnormalities parallel cerebellar histopathology in autism. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 75(9), 1359–1361.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Takarae, Y., Minshew, N. J., Luna, B., & Sweeney, J. A. (2004). Oculomotor abnormalities parallel cerebellar histopathology in autism. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 75(9), 1359–1361.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Takarae, Y., Minshew, N. J., Luna, B., & Sweeney, J. A. (2007). Atypical involvement of frontostriatal systems during sensorimotor control in autism. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 156(2), 117–127.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Takarae, Y., Minshew, N. J., Luna, B., & Sweeney, J. A. (2007). Atypical involvement of frontostriatal systems during sensorimotor control in autism. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 156(2), 117–127.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Takayama, Y., Hashimoto, R., Tani, M., Kanai, C., Yamada, T., Watanabe, H., & Iwanami, A. (2014). Standardization of the Japanese version of the Glasgow sensory questionnaire (GSQ). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8(4), 347–353.CrossRef Takayama, Y., Hashimoto, R., Tani, M., Kanai, C., Yamada, T., Watanabe, H., & Iwanami, A. (2014). Standardization of the Japanese version of the Glasgow sensory questionnaire (GSQ). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8(4), 347–353.CrossRef
go back to reference Timberlake, G. T., Sharma, M. K., Grose, S. A., Gobert, D. V., Gauch, J. M., & Meino, J. H. (2005). Retinal location of the preferred retinal locus relative to the fovea in scanning laser ophthalmoscope images. Optometry and Vision Science, 82, 177–185.CrossRefPubMed Timberlake, G. T., Sharma, M. K., Grose, S. A., Gobert, D. V., Gauch, J. M., & Meino, J. H. (2005). Retinal location of the preferred retinal locus relative to the fovea in scanning laser ophthalmoscope images. Optometry and Vision Science, 82, 177–185.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Troost, B. T., & Daroff, R. B. (1977). The ocular motor defects in progressive supranuclear palsy. Annals of Neurology, 2(5), 397–403.CrossRefPubMed Troost, B. T., & Daroff, R. B. (1977). The ocular motor defects in progressive supranuclear palsy. Annals of Neurology, 2(5), 397–403.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference von Helmholtz, H. (1866). Handbuch der physiologischenOptik. Dritter Band Trans. by Southall, J.P.C. as Helmholtz’s Treatise on Physiological Optics volume III (1962, New York: Dover). von Helmholtz, H. (1866). Handbuch der physiologischenOptik. Dritter Band Trans. by Southall, J.P.C. as Helmholtz’s Treatise on Physiological Optics volume III (1962, New York: Dover).
go back to reference Wakabayashi, A., Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., & Tojo, Y. (2006). The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) in Japan: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 263–270.CrossRefPubMed Wakabayashi, A., Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., & Tojo, Y. (2006). The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) in Japan: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 263–270.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Wolpert, D. M., Miall, R. C., & Kawato, M. (1998). Internal models in the cerebellum. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2(9), 338–347.CrossRefPubMed Wolpert, D. M., Miall, R. C., & Kawato, M. (1998). Internal models in the cerebellum. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2(9), 338–347.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Zee, D. S., Yee, R. D., Cogan, D. G., Robinson, D. A., & Engel, W. K. (1976). Ocular motor abnormalities in hereditary cerebellar ataxia. Brain, 99, 207–234.CrossRefPubMed Zee, D. S., Yee, R. D., Cogan, D. G., Robinson, D. A., & Engel, W. K. (1976). Ocular motor abnormalities in hereditary cerebellar ataxia. Brain, 99, 207–234.CrossRefPubMed
Metagegevens
Titel
Ocular Fixation Abnormality in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Auteurs
Aya Shirama
Chieko Kanai
Nobumasa Kato
Makio Kashino
Publicatiedatum
06-01-2016
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 5/2016
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2688-y

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2016

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 5/2016 Naar de uitgave