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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Gepubliceerd in:

31-01-2017

Neurophysiological Processing of Emotion in Children of Mothers with a History of Depression: the Moderating Role of Preschool Persistent Irritability

Auteurs: Ellen M. Kessel, Autumn Kujawa, Lea R. Dougherty, Greg Hajcak, Gabrielle A. Carlson, Daniel N. Klein

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 8/2017

Abstract

Research on emotion-processing biases in offspring of depressed parents has produced a variety of findings. Child persistent irritability may be a useful clinical feature that demarcates subgroups of offspring with distinct patterns of emotion processing. The present study examined whether early persistent irritability moderated the relationship between maternal lifetime history of a depressive disorder and appetitive- and aversive-emotion processing in 338 never-depressed pre-adolescent children (43.8% female). When children were 3, mothers were interviewed about children’s persistent irritability. Six years later, EEG was recorded while children completed a task in which the late positive potential (LPP), a neural index of emotional reactivity, was measured in response to appetitive, aversive, and neutral images. At both assessments, mothers were interviewed about their own psychopathology. Among offspring of depressed mothers, children characterized by high levels of early persistent irritability showed an enhanced LPP to appetitive and aversive compared to neutral images (i.e., ΔLPP), whereas children with low levels of early irritability showed attenuated ΔLPPs. In offspring of mothers with no history of depression, there was no association between irritability and emotion processing. Findings suggest that persistent irritability influences the pattern of emotion-processing aberrations in offspring of depressed mothers.

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The 65 subjects that were removed due to poor EEG data did not differ on preschool persistent irritability, p = ns. However, those that were removed due to poor EEG data were more likely to have a mother with a lifetime history of depressive disorder (p = 0.05) and anxiety disorder (p < 0.05) and have greater depressive (p < 0.01) and disruptive behavior (p < 0.01) symptoms at age 9.

The mean number of LPP trials to unpleasant stimuli was 31.76 (SD = 5.27) at parietal sites, and 32.96 (SD = 4.93) at occipital sites. The mean number of LPP trials to pleasant stimuli was 31.95 (SD = 5.24) at parietal sites, and 32.12(SD = 4.94) at occipital sites. The mean number of LPP trials to neutral stimuli was 33.34 (SD = 5.08) at parietal sites, and 33.49 (SD = 4.76) at occipital sites.

Consistent with previous studies using the Emotion Interrupt task to elicit the LPP in response to emotional images in children (Kujawa et al. 2012; 2013), we observed weaker effects for the ΔLPP-Appetitive compared to the ΔLPP-Aversive at both occipital, t(337) = −6.83, p < 0.05, and parietal sites t(337) = −10.47, p < 0.05. LPPs have previously been observed to be larger in response to aversive compared to appetitive stimuli in children, but this may be because developmentally appropriate subcategories (e.g., cute, furry animals and babies) have weaker effects on the LPP than more salient images such as erotica or other developmentally inappropriate stimuli (Weinberg and Hajcak 2010). This may have contributed to the difference in magnitude between ΔLPP-Appetitive compared to the ΔLPP-Aversive.

Accuracy across all conditions differed between groups F(1335) = 8.03, p < 0.05, such that offspring of mothers with a history of depressive disorder (M = 81.84% SD = 12.46) had a lower accuracy rate than offspring of mothers with no history of depressive disorder (M = 85.21% SD = 9.20). When accuracy was included as a covariate in the current analyses, results were virtually identical.

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Titel: Neurophysiological Processing of Emotion in Children of Mothers with a History of Depression: the Moderating Role of Preschool Persistent Irritability
Auteurs: Ellen M. Kessel
Autumn Kujawa
Lea R. Dougherty
Greg Hajcak
Gabrielle A. Carlson
Daniel N. Klein
Publicatiedatum: 31-01-2017
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 8/2017
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0272-y

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